Epithelial ovarian cancer is primarily a disease of older women. Advanced age is risk factor for decreased survival. Optimal surgery and the safe and effective administration of chemotherapy are essential for prolonge...Epithelial ovarian cancer is primarily a disease of older women. Advanced age is risk factor for decreased survival. Optimal surgery and the safe and effective administration of chemotherapy are essential for prolonged progression-free and overall survival(OS). In this article, the available regimens in both the primary treatment and relapsed setting are reviewed.展开更多
More and more empty nest has become a social problem that couldn＇t ignore. The problem of empty nester is the essence of urban and rural dual structure social changing. The emergence of empty-nesters is a serious pro...More and more empty nest has become a social problem that couldn＇t ignore. The problem of empty nester is the essence of urban and rural dual structure social changing. The emergence of empty-nesters is a serious problem in China＇s social development process, with the aging of the population increasing, urban-rural divide more and more obvious. The condition of the human society has gradually formed the rural and the division of labor and the dual structure of the city. This paper expounds the connotation, significance and characteristics of empty nest elderly, analyzes on the problems existing in current urban and rural society and the problem of empty nest elderly in the new situation puts forward the suggestions and countermeasures.展开更多
With the continuous development of political, economic,social, empty nesters and more problems, it is not a simple personal issues, has become urgent to break the social proposition.This paper intr~,duces the concepts...With the continuous development of political, economic,social, empty nesters and more problems, it is not a simple personal issues, has become urgent to break the social proposition.This paper intr~,duces the concepts at the same time,Further analysis of the current situation empty-nesters of the problem and sort out the history of urban-rural dual structure,Finally, find information put forward some countermeasures and suggestions.展开更多
In recent years, the retired veteran cadres have grown older and older, and their numbers have also increased year by year. In this case, how to maintain the physical and mental health of empty nest veteran cadre, and...In recent years, the retired veteran cadres have grown older and older, and their numbers have also increased year by year. In this case, how to maintain the physical and mental health of empty nest veteran cadre, and further improve the quality of their life has been a realistic problem many primary health care doctors have to face and solve.展开更多
Empty nester are elderly people who have special needs. With the evolution of the aging society and family structure, empty nest family is rapidly increasing. The Empty Nester is the result of a combination of factors...Empty nester are elderly people who have special needs. With the evolution of the aging society and family structure, empty nest family is rapidly increasing. The Empty Nester is the result of a combination of factors of population transformation, economic development, intergenerational relations change etc. We need to build a multi-level, three-dimensional social support networks, to ensure that this part of the elderly can happily spend their twilight years.展开更多
Chlorfluazuron is an insect growth regulator for controlling the major insect pests in crops. This paper describes the effects of sublethal doses （LD10：1.00 ng/larva; LD30：3.75 ng/larva） of chlorfluazuron on ovari...Chlorfluazuron is an insect growth regulator for controlling the major insect pests in crops. This paper describes the effects of sublethal doses （LD10：1.00 ng/larva; LD30：3.75 ng/larva） of chlorfluazuron on ovarioles during ovarian development and oogenesis of common cutworm, Spodoptera litura （F.）. It is a significant pest of cotton, tobacco and miscellaneous vegetables. The LDlo or LD3o was applied topically to the newly-ecdysed fifth-instars of S. litura under laboratory conditions. In controls, on 2nd day of adult emergence, the cell density in germarium was 1636 ± 9.17 nuclei/mm^2. It increased until 3rd day, i.e., 1829 ± 8.87 nuclei/mm^2 and decreased thereafter. In the LDloor LD-3o-treated insects, the patterns of the cell density was the same as in controls but values were significantly （P 〈 0.05） decreased in the LD10- and more in the LDa0-treated females compared with controls. In control, ovaries were normal type and had mature ova with an occasional one or two being absorbed. In LD10-treated females, ovaries had spaces in ovarioles and absorption of ova. In LD30-treated females, besides the spacing and absorption, sometimes only immature （germarium） ova were found.展开更多
Background： Prematurely menopausal women have a doubled lifetime risk of dementia and a 5-fold increased risk of mortality from neuro- logical disorders, but the molecular mechanisms underlying these risks remain unc...Background： Prematurely menopausal women have a doubled lifetime risk of dementia and a 5-fold increased risk of mortality from neuro- logical disorders, but the molecular mechanisms underlying these risks remain unclear. We hypothesized that ischemia-induced amyloidogenesis may be enhanced in the hippocampus following prolonged loss of ovarian 17β-estradiol （E2）, which could contribute to these phenomena. Methods： The current study used a rat model of premature surgical menopause （10-week bilateral ovariectomy） with E2 therapy either initiated immediately （short-term E2 deprivation （STED）） or delayed to the end of the ovariectomy period （long-term E2 deprivation （LTED））. One week after continuous, subcutaneous E2 therapy, we subjected animals to 10-min global cerebral ischemia （GCI） to assess the effect of LTED on ischemia-induced amyloidogenesis in the hippocampal CA1. Results： The present study revealed that while hippocampal β-amyloid （Aβ） is not typically enhanced following GCI, there is a rapid, robust elevation of endogenous Aβ in LTED females after GCI. In STED females, we observed that GCI attenuates and E2 maintains A Disintegrin and Metalloprotease 10 （ADAM 10） expression in the hippocampal CA1, and concurrently, GCI increases and E2 decreases BACE1 levels in the same region. Intriguingly, however, we observed a loss of E2 regulation of ADAM 10, ADAM 17, and BACE 1 levels in the hippocampal CA I of LTED females, which provides mechanistic evidence for the enhanced post-ischemic Aβ load following LTED. We also observed loss of E2 regulation of tau hyperphosphorylation in LTED females subjected to GCI. Conclusion： Collectively, these studies partially explain the enhanced risk of dementia and mortality from neurological disorders seen in prematurely menopausal women and support timely initiation of E2 therapy to yield maximum neurological benefit.展开更多
The reproductive system of human female exhibits a much faster rate of aging than other body systems.Ovarian aging is thought to be dominated by a gradual decreasing numbers of follicles,coinciding with diminished qua...The reproductive system of human female exhibits a much faster rate of aging than other body systems.Ovarian aging is thought to be dominated by a gradual decreasing numbers of follicles,coinciding with diminished quality of oocytes.Menopause is the final step in the process of ovarian aging.This review focuses on the mechanisms underlying the ovarian aging involving a poor complement of follicles at birth and a high rate of attrition each month,as well as the alternated endocrine factors.We also discuss the possible causative factors that contribute to ovarian aging,e.g.,genetic factors,accumulation of irreparable damage of microenvironment,pathological effect and other factors.The appropriate and reliable methods to assess ovarian aging,such as quantification of follicles,endocrine measurement and genetic testing have also been discussed.Increased knowledge of the ovarian aging mechanisms may improve the prevention of premature ovarian failure.展开更多
Objective: The present study is designed to investigate the cellular expressions and immunolocalizations of three different nitric oxide synthase (NOS) isoforms and the related nitric oxide (NO)/cyclic guanosine monop...Objective: The present study is designed to investigate the cellular expressions and immunolocalizations of three different nitric oxide synthase (NOS) isoforms and the related nitric oxide (NO)/cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) signaling pathway in the ovaries of neonatal and immature rats.Methods: The ovaries were obtained from ICR (Institute for Cancer Research) female Sprague-Dawley rats at postnatal days 1,5,7,10,and 19.Then we carried out the histologic examination,immunohistochemistry,measurement of NOS activity,and modifications within the NO/cGMP pathway.Results: During postnatal days 1,5,7,10,and 19,all three isoforms of NOS were mainly localized to the oocytes and expressed as a gradual increase in granulosa cells and theca cells within the growing follicle.The ovarian total NOS activities and NO levels were increased at postnatal days 7 and 10 compared with other days.Conclusions: Our findings suggest that the locally produced NO and the NO/NOS signaling systems are involved in the follicular development to puberty.展开更多
文摘Epithelial ovarian cancer is primarily a disease of older women. Advanced age is risk factor for decreased survival. Optimal surgery and the safe and effective administration of chemotherapy are essential for prolonged progression-free and overall survival(OS). In this article, the available regimens in both the primary treatment and relapsed setting are reviewed.
文摘More and more empty nest has become a social problem that couldn＇t ignore. The problem of empty nester is the essence of urban and rural dual structure social changing. The emergence of empty-nesters is a serious problem in China＇s social development process, with the aging of the population increasing, urban-rural divide more and more obvious. The condition of the human society has gradually formed the rural and the division of labor and the dual structure of the city. This paper expounds the connotation, significance and characteristics of empty nest elderly, analyzes on the problems existing in current urban and rural society and the problem of empty nest elderly in the new situation puts forward the suggestions and countermeasures.
文摘With the continuous development of political, economic,social, empty nesters and more problems, it is not a simple personal issues, has become urgent to break the social proposition.This paper intr~,duces the concepts at the same time,Further analysis of the current situation empty-nesters of the problem and sort out the history of urban-rural dual structure,Finally, find information put forward some countermeasures and suggestions.
文摘In recent years, the retired veteran cadres have grown older and older, and their numbers have also increased year by year. In this case, how to maintain the physical and mental health of empty nest veteran cadre, and further improve the quality of their life has been a realistic problem many primary health care doctors have to face and solve.
文摘Empty nester are elderly people who have special needs. With the evolution of the aging society and family structure, empty nest family is rapidly increasing. The Empty Nester is the result of a combination of factors of population transformation, economic development, intergenerational relations change etc. We need to build a multi-level, three-dimensional social support networks, to ensure that this part of the elderly can happily spend their twilight years.
文摘Chlorfluazuron is an insect growth regulator for controlling the major insect pests in crops. This paper describes the effects of sublethal doses （LD10：1.00 ng/larva; LD30：3.75 ng/larva） of chlorfluazuron on ovarioles during ovarian development and oogenesis of common cutworm, Spodoptera litura （F.）. It is a significant pest of cotton, tobacco and miscellaneous vegetables. The LDlo or LD3o was applied topically to the newly-ecdysed fifth-instars of S. litura under laboratory conditions. In controls, on 2nd day of adult emergence, the cell density in germarium was 1636 ± 9.17 nuclei/mm^2. It increased until 3rd day, i.e., 1829 ± 8.87 nuclei/mm^2 and decreased thereafter. In the LDloor LD-3o-treated insects, the patterns of the cell density was the same as in controls but values were significantly （P 〈 0.05） decreased in the LD10- and more in the LDa0-treated females compared with controls. In control, ovaries were normal type and had mature ova with an occasional one or two being absorbed. In LD10-treated females, ovaries had spaces in ovarioles and absorption of ova. In LD30-treated females, besides the spacing and absorption, sometimes only immature （germarium） ova were found.
基金supported by a Pre-doctoral Fellowship from the American Heart Association to ELS.(12PRE11530009)a Research Grant from the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and StrokeNational Institutes of Health,USA to DWB(NS050730)
文摘Background： Prematurely menopausal women have a doubled lifetime risk of dementia and a 5-fold increased risk of mortality from neuro- logical disorders, but the molecular mechanisms underlying these risks remain unclear. We hypothesized that ischemia-induced amyloidogenesis may be enhanced in the hippocampus following prolonged loss of ovarian 17β-estradiol （E2）, which could contribute to these phenomena. Methods： The current study used a rat model of premature surgical menopause （10-week bilateral ovariectomy） with E2 therapy either initiated immediately （short-term E2 deprivation （STED）） or delayed to the end of the ovariectomy period （long-term E2 deprivation （LTED））. One week after continuous, subcutaneous E2 therapy, we subjected animals to 10-min global cerebral ischemia （GCI） to assess the effect of LTED on ischemia-induced amyloidogenesis in the hippocampal CA1. Results： The present study revealed that while hippocampal β-amyloid （Aβ） is not typically enhanced following GCI, there is a rapid, robust elevation of endogenous Aβ in LTED females after GCI. In STED females, we observed that GCI attenuates and E2 maintains A Disintegrin and Metalloprotease 10 （ADAM 10） expression in the hippocampal CA1, and concurrently, GCI increases and E2 decreases BACE1 levels in the same region. Intriguingly, however, we observed a loss of E2 regulation of ADAM 10, ADAM 17, and BACE 1 levels in the hippocampal CA I of LTED females, which provides mechanistic evidence for the enhanced post-ischemic Aβ load following LTED. We also observed loss of E2 regulation of tau hyperphosphorylation in LTED females subjected to GCI. Conclusion： Collectively, these studies partially explain the enhanced risk of dementia and mortality from neurological disorders seen in prematurely menopausal women and support timely initiation of E2 therapy to yield maximum neurological benefit.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant Nos. 2012CB944402,2011CB944501 and 2007CB947401)Program of Knowledge Innovation of Chinese Academy of Sciences (GrantNo. KSCX2-EW-R-07)
文摘The reproductive system of human female exhibits a much faster rate of aging than other body systems.Ovarian aging is thought to be dominated by a gradual decreasing numbers of follicles,coinciding with diminished quality of oocytes.Menopause is the final step in the process of ovarian aging.This review focuses on the mechanisms underlying the ovarian aging involving a poor complement of follicles at birth and a high rate of attrition each month,as well as the alternated endocrine factors.We also discuss the possible causative factors that contribute to ovarian aging,e.g.,genetic factors,accumulation of irreparable damage of microenvironment,pathological effect and other factors.The appropriate and reliable methods to assess ovarian aging,such as quantification of follicles,endocrine measurement and genetic testing have also been discussed.Increased knowledge of the ovarian aging mechanisms may improve the prevention of premature ovarian failure.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.30771553)National Basic Research Program (973) of China (No.2007CB947403)
文摘Objective: The present study is designed to investigate the cellular expressions and immunolocalizations of three different nitric oxide synthase (NOS) isoforms and the related nitric oxide (NO)/cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) signaling pathway in the ovaries of neonatal and immature rats.Methods: The ovaries were obtained from ICR (Institute for Cancer Research) female Sprague-Dawley rats at postnatal days 1,5,7,10,and 19.Then we carried out the histologic examination,immunohistochemistry,measurement of NOS activity,and modifications within the NO/cGMP pathway.Results: During postnatal days 1,5,7,10,and 19,all three isoforms of NOS were mainly localized to the oocytes and expressed as a gradual increase in granulosa cells and theca cells within the growing follicle.The ovarian total NOS activities and NO levels were increased at postnatal days 7 and 10 compared with other days.Conclusions: Our findings suggest that the locally produced NO and the NO/NOS signaling systems are involved in the follicular development to puberty.
