规律运动对老年人身体和认知功能影响的系统回顾及meta分析

探讨节律性运动干预对健康老年人身体和认知功能的影响。方法 研究者搜索了PubMed、科学网络、科克伦图书馆、EMBASE、CNKI、CBM、万方数据和VIP等数据库的相关证据,检索时限为建库至2022年3月。纳入标准为:①随机对照试验;②老年人(年龄≥60岁),无认知障碍或神经退行性疾病;③干预:有节奏的运动(有节奏的运动或随着音乐进行的体育活动);④结果:节律性运动对身体或认知功能的影响,本研究共纳入了20个国家(n = 2752名参与者)的44项随机对照试验。结果 研究发现,有节奏的运动与改善的身体功能(活动能力、心肺耐力、肌肉力量、柔韧性和平衡性)、整体认知功能和生活质量(QOL)之间存在关联。身体功能结果表明,无规律运动的对照组老年人比有规律运动的对照组有额外的显著好处。结论 有规律的节律性运动可能改善健康老年人的身体功能、整体认知功能和生活质量。

我国老年人身体锻炼对医疗费用的影响分析——基于CHARLS数据

随着老龄化问题的日益严峻,老年人的医疗费用也在快速增长。本文基于中国健康与养老追踪调查(CHARLS)的数据,利用中国老年人锻炼情况和医疗支出的数据,使用stata12.0软件,运用回归分析和单因素方差分析方法对数据进行分析。

社会态度、社会经济地位与老年人身体健康——基于CGSS 2015数据的实证分析

基于2015年中国综合社会调查数据,建立多元线性回归模型,实证分析社会态度、社会经济地位对老年人身体健康的影响及其代际差异,研究发现:社会态度和社会经济地位整体上显著影响老年人身体健康,控制变量对老年人身体健康的影响存在差异,社会态度和社会经济地位对老年人身体健康影响的代际差异显著。据此,提出营造良好的社会环境以提升老年人的生活幸福感,完善社会保障体系以改善老年人的生活状况等对策,以提高老年人的身体健康水平,推动健康中国战略的有效实施。

太极拳锻炼对老年人身体素质作用的研究

为探讨太极拳锻炼对老年人身体素质的作用,运用实验对比、问卷调查等方法,对随机选取的太极拳锻炼组和对照组各18名老年人的闭眼单脚站立、坐位体前屈、反应时、握力等项目进行实验测试。结果显示,太极拳锻炼组闭眼单脚站立时间为10.98±5.07s、坐位体前屈为14.89±3.60cm、反应时为0.56±0.07s、握力为36.22±4.79kg,各项指标均明显优于对照组(P<0.01)。研究表明,太极拳锻炼对于改善老年人的平衡、柔韧、灵敏、力量等身体素质方面具有积极作用。

心灵安养:具身视域下民族地区老年人养老实践研究

以西南民族地区YN乡老年人为对象,提出“心灵安养”这一分析性概念,并结合身体社会学理论,剖析民族地区老年人的养老实践。研究发现,心灵安养不同于以往我们所理解的精神养老,一个被动接受精神赡养的行动,而是老年人身体主动发起互动的过程。心灵安养揭示了老年人注重精神养老的独特画面,彰显出积极的身体互动关系:一方面,乡村场域利用身体体现塑造老年人和养老支持者的身体,形成归属感支持、满足感支持和认同感支持;另一方面,老年人身体间以及老年人与养老支持者身体间也会产生互动,生成互助支持、孝行支持。该研究的讨论有助于深入认识民族地区老年人的精神养老问题,意识到单纯依靠自上而下的政策保护是无法解决该问题,只有为老年人身体构建互动场域,帮助老年人在家庭日常生活实践中有意识的塑造身体,才是解决精神养老问题的题中之义。

Plasma brain natriuretic peptide level in older outpatients with heart failure is associated with physical frailty, especially with the slowness domain

Objective To determine the association between plasma brain natriuretic peptide （BNP） level in patients with heart failure （HF） and physical frailty as well as with each domain of physical frailty. Methods Two hundred and six outpatients of cardiovascular medicine aged 60 years and older who had been hospitalized for HF or had been given a prescription medication for HF were included. Physical frailty was assessed using the following five domains： slowness, weakness, exhaustion, low activity, and shrinking, according to the Cardiovascular Health Study. Patients were divided into nonfi-ailty and frailty groups according to frailty scores. Plasma BNP level was measured. The 6-min walk test was performed to measure endurance. Results Plasma BNP was significantly different between the two groups （frailty group： 158.0 i 214.7 pg/mL, nonfrailty group： 65.2 ~ 88.0 pg/mL, P 〈 0.01）. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed log-transformed plasma BNP （Log BNP） was significantly associated with physical frailty （OR： 1.68, 95% CI： 1.11-2.56）, and Log BNP was significantly associated with the slowness domain （walking speed 〈 1.0 m/s） of physical frailty （OR： 1.75, 95% Ch 1.15-2.67）. Additionally, Log BNP was negatively correlated to the 6-minute walk distance （6MWD） （p=0.37, P 〈 0.01）, while 6MWD was positively correlated to walking speed （p = 0.66, P 〈 0.01）. Conclusions Plasma BNP level was related to physical frailty, especially in the slowness domain. Endurance may intervene in the associations between plasma BNP level and walking speed.

Acceptability and feasibility of public square dancing for community senior citizens with mild cognitive impairment and depressive symptoms:A pilot study

Objectives:To explore the acceptability and feasibility of public square dancing among community residents with mild cognitive impairment(MCI)and depressive symptoms.Methods:This mixed-method study consisted of a quantitative and a qualitative phase.From January to July 2018,a total of 241 community-dwelling senior citizens who complained of memory loss in one community in the Haidian District in Beijing were approached and screened,and 41 qualified for the study.Among them,35 senior citizens participated in the public square dancing intervention.By the end of the three-month follow-up,31 senior citizens completed the whole study.The Subjective Exercise Experience Scale(SEES)was used to survey senior citizens at the end of the three-month public square dancing intervention and follow-up to measure the participants’subjective exercise experience.Then 15 senior citizens were interviewed to collect attitudes,opinions,and suggestions related to the intervention.Results:During the intervention,90.6%of senior citizens met the requirement for defined hours.All senior citizens continued to dance at the three-month follow-up,and 32.3%met the requirement for defined hours.The scores of psychological well-being(11.03±2.82 vs.14.87±3.93,P<0.001)and fatigue(11.00[8.00,12.00]vs.14.00[9.00,18.00],P<0.001)increased at the end of the three-month follow-up.Qualitative research results extracted four major themes:increased confidence and a sense of accomplishment;easy to learn,close to real life,and sense of belonging;promotes physical and mental health;future expectations include music selection,reduced weather disruption,and self-organizing workouts.Conclusion:Public square dancing proved to be an acceptable,viable,and valuable intervention for MCI residents with depressive symptoms,which could be carried out by nursing staff in the community.Future studies should consider the appropriate population,intensity,and frequency of public square dancing and its effect on specific cognitive functions.

住宅适老化给水排水设计探索

我国是老龄化现象最迅速最严重的国家之一,加快住宅适老化建设是十分重要和迫切的任务。文章介绍了部分发达国家及我国香港特区在居住建筑适老化给水排水设计上的若干思路,并借鉴其充分考虑老年人在生理、心理及服务方面的需求,体现全面满足所有居住者行为习惯和身体功能的适老化设计理念,提出我国国内目前适老化配置并对住宅适合老化给水排水设计思路。