老年骨关节置换术围术期发生脑梗死的危险因素分析及预防对策研究

目的:分析老年骨关节置换术围术期发生脑梗死的危险因素并研究其预防对策。方法:选择2015年1月-2016年6月我院收治的200例行关节置换术患者,对所有患者的性别、年龄、体重、身高、患病情况、置入假体类型、手术时间、术中出血量、术后引流量、切口长度、住院时间、下地时间及高血压、糖尿病、冠心病等合并症情况进行回归分析,明确患者围术期发生脑梗死的危险因素,并提出针对性预防措施。结果:入组200例行骨关节置换术患者,围术期发生脑梗死患者53例。单因素分析结果显示年龄是否超过65岁、吸烟与否、疾病类型、麻醉方式、有无冠心病、糖尿病、高血压等合并症的骨关节置换术患者围术期脑梗死的发生率存在显著性差异(P<0.05)。而进一步logistics回归分析显示年龄超过65岁、吸烟、患者股骨颈骨折、手术麻醉为全麻、有冠心病、糖尿病、高血压等合并症是影响行骨关节置换术患者围术期发生脑梗死的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论:年龄超过65岁、吸烟、患者股骨颈骨折、手术麻醉为全麻、有冠心病、糖尿病、高血压等合并症的骨关节置换术患者围术期更易发生脑梗死,对有上述特点患者应密切注意预后情况,给予精细的护理措施,防止脑梗死的发生。

Prosthetic replacement in treatment of subcapital femoral neck fractures in the elderly

Objective: To compare the results of femoral head replacement (FHR) and total hip replacement (THR) in treatment of subcapital femoral neck fractures (SFNF). Methods: Between May 1987 and July 1998, 56 elderly patients (65-90 years; average 73.5 years) with SFNF were treated with prosthetic replacement. Six cases were treated with unipolar FHR, 18 cases with Bateman bipolar FHR, and 32 cases with Bateman bipolar THR. All domestic prostheses were installed with cement. Results: There was no significant difference between the 2 groups in operating time and blood transfusion. Forty-nine patients were followed-up for an average of 5 years and 10 months. No wound infection or death was related to surgery. Complications in Group FHR were significantly higher than that in Group THR. Conclusions: Since FHR is difficult to fit the bony acetabulum, it is only indicated for senile cases with poor conditions. However, the bipolar THR installed with cement is indicated for most elderly patients. Since the femoral head and acetabulum can fit each other completely, it is more stable for taking weight-bearing earlier with less complications.