A dual random model of a portfolio of variable amount whole life annuity is set with the mth moment of the present value of benefits, and the respective expressions of the moments under the assumption that the force o...A dual random model of a portfolio of variable amount whole life annuity is set with the mth moment of the present value of benefits, and the respective expressions of the moments under the assumption that the force of interest accumulation function is Wiener process or Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process. Furthermore, the limiting distribution of average cost of this portfolio is discussed with the expression of the limiting distribution under the assumption that the force of interest accumulation is an independent increment process.展开更多
Objective To clarify the role of propofol in controlling incisional pain and its potential effects on the spinal opioid receptor expression. Methods A postoperative model of nociception was established in male Sprague...Objective To clarify the role of propofol in controlling incisional pain and its potential effects on the spinal opioid receptor expression. Methods A postoperative model of nociception was established in male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 200 -250 g. A total of 96 rats were randomly divided into 8 groups. All drugs were administered intravenously either 5 rain pre-operation or 5 rain post-operation. The analgesic effects of systemic propofol were demonstrated by the measurement of a cumulative pain score （ CPS ）. After that, the lumbar enlargement of the spinal cord was removed to evaluate the mRNA level of the μ-opioid receptor （ MOR ） and δ-opioid receptor （ DOR） by RT-PCR. Results CPS and DOR mRNA expressions significantly increased after the operation. Both propofol post-treatment and propofol pre-treatment groups showed significant suppression of the increased CPS and the expression of DOR mRNA evoked by pain stimulation. Interestingly, propofol pre-treatment had a more pronounced effect in decreasing CPS and the expression of DOR mRNA. Furthermore, these observations were dose-dependent. MOR mRNA expression significantly increased after operation in all animals and propofol treatment had no impact on it. Conclusion Based on these findings, we suggest that propofol can serve as a valuable adjunct in acute postoperative pain management. Systemic propofol induces an analgesic effect on acute incisional pain in a dose-dependant manner, and this effect is mediated in the spinal cord and may be associated with the spinal DOR.展开更多
Purpose： Renal denervation （RD） has been demonstrated to be an effective approach to reduce blood pressure for those with resistant hypertension. Yet, we aimed to explore the effect and possible mech- anism of RD o...Purpose： Renal denervation （RD） has been demonstrated to be an effective approach to reduce blood pressure for those with resistant hypertension. Yet, we aimed to explore the effect and possible mech- anism of RD on blood-pressure response to hemorrhagic shock in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Methods： A total of 48 male spontaneously hypertensive rats were randomized to three groups： study group, sham-operation group and control group. RD was achieved by cutting off renal nerves and swabbing phenol on it. Ten weeks after RD, 8 rats in each group were sacrificed to collect the kidney and heart tissues. The remaining rats were subjected to an operation to induce hemorrhagic shock which would lead to 40% loss of total blood volume, and observed for 120 min. The serum concentration of norepinephrine was measured before and three weeks after RD. Results： The blood-pressure and norepinephrine levels were reduced significantly after RD （p 〈 0.05）, Systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure of the surgerygroup were higher than those in the sham and control groups at 15, 30 and 45 min after hemorrhagic shock （p 〈 0.05）, while no significant difference was observed at 60, 90 and 120 min （p 〉 0.05）. Additionally, the beta-1 adrenergic receptor （β1 -AR） in the study group was significantly higher than those in the other two groups （p 〈 0.05） after hemorrhagic shock. Conclusion： This study demonstrated that RD could to some extent improve blood-pressure response to hemorrhagic shock in an established model of severe hemorrhagic shock in spontaneously hypertensive rats. The mechanism might be associated with uo-regulation of β1-AR.展开更多
This paper deals with the simple additive degradation models with single random effect. The authors further study the link between the aging property of the implied lifetime and that of the random variation. It is fou...This paper deals with the simple additive degradation models with single random effect. The authors further study the link between the aging property of the implied lifetime and that of the random variation. It is found that both the aging property of the random variation and the analytical behavior of the mean degradation path influence the aging behavior of the implied lifetime.展开更多
文摘A dual random model of a portfolio of variable amount whole life annuity is set with the mth moment of the present value of benefits, and the respective expressions of the moments under the assumption that the force of interest accumulation function is Wiener process or Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process. Furthermore, the limiting distribution of average cost of this portfolio is discussed with the expression of the limiting distribution under the assumption that the force of interest accumulation is an independent increment process.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.30672020)
文摘Objective To clarify the role of propofol in controlling incisional pain and its potential effects on the spinal opioid receptor expression. Methods A postoperative model of nociception was established in male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 200 -250 g. A total of 96 rats were randomly divided into 8 groups. All drugs were administered intravenously either 5 rain pre-operation or 5 rain post-operation. The analgesic effects of systemic propofol were demonstrated by the measurement of a cumulative pain score （ CPS ）. After that, the lumbar enlargement of the spinal cord was removed to evaluate the mRNA level of the μ-opioid receptor （ MOR ） and δ-opioid receptor （ DOR） by RT-PCR. Results CPS and DOR mRNA expressions significantly increased after the operation. Both propofol post-treatment and propofol pre-treatment groups showed significant suppression of the increased CPS and the expression of DOR mRNA evoked by pain stimulation. Interestingly, propofol pre-treatment had a more pronounced effect in decreasing CPS and the expression of DOR mRNA. Furthermore, these observations were dose-dependent. MOR mRNA expression significantly increased after operation in all animals and propofol treatment had no impact on it. Conclusion Based on these findings, we suggest that propofol can serve as a valuable adjunct in acute postoperative pain management. Systemic propofol induces an analgesic effect on acute incisional pain in a dose-dependant manner, and this effect is mediated in the spinal cord and may be associated with the spinal DOR.
文摘Purpose： Renal denervation （RD） has been demonstrated to be an effective approach to reduce blood pressure for those with resistant hypertension. Yet, we aimed to explore the effect and possible mech- anism of RD on blood-pressure response to hemorrhagic shock in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Methods： A total of 48 male spontaneously hypertensive rats were randomized to three groups： study group, sham-operation group and control group. RD was achieved by cutting off renal nerves and swabbing phenol on it. Ten weeks after RD, 8 rats in each group were sacrificed to collect the kidney and heart tissues. The remaining rats were subjected to an operation to induce hemorrhagic shock which would lead to 40% loss of total blood volume, and observed for 120 min. The serum concentration of norepinephrine was measured before and three weeks after RD. Results： The blood-pressure and norepinephrine levels were reduced significantly after RD （p 〈 0.05）, Systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure of the surgerygroup were higher than those in the sham and control groups at 15, 30 and 45 min after hemorrhagic shock （p 〈 0.05）, while no significant difference was observed at 60, 90 and 120 min （p 〉 0.05）. Additionally, the beta-1 adrenergic receptor （β1 -AR） in the study group was significantly higher than those in the other two groups （p 〈 0.05） after hemorrhagic shock. Conclusion： This study demonstrated that RD could to some extent improve blood-pressure response to hemorrhagic shock in an established model of severe hemorrhagic shock in spontaneously hypertensive rats. The mechanism might be associated with uo-regulation of β1-AR.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.10771090
文摘This paper deals with the simple additive degradation models with single random effect. The authors further study the link between the aging property of the implied lifetime and that of the random variation. It is found that both the aging property of the random variation and the analytical behavior of the mean degradation path influence the aging behavior of the implied lifetime.
