Population ageing and high financial leverage are two common problems .faced by the worM's major economies. The recent financial crisis proved that the two issues could lead to systemic risk if not handled properly. ...Population ageing and high financial leverage are two common problems .faced by the worM's major economies. The recent financial crisis proved that the two issues could lead to systemic risk if not handled properly. Based on dynamic panel data from 1980 to 2012 in 119 countries, this paper examines the impact of population ageing on financial leverage J?om an empirical point of view and finds that there is a signOqcant inverted U-shape relationship between the two. In addition, empirical studies show that after passing the "turning point" of ageing, there will be a marked increase in the probability of financial crisis during the "deleveraging" process. It can be projected from the empirical conclusions of this paper that China will likely enter the range of a turning point between 2019 and 2028. After that, population ageing, deleveraging and asset price collapse may have a "resonance" effect to severely impact the stability of the financial system. Therefore, China should shift to more proactive macro financial regulations as quickly as possible, as dynamic and robust management of financial leverage and forward-looking control of bubbles could ensure that the financial system remain flexible enough to avoid systemic risk to the greatest extent.展开更多
The present study investigated the effects and underlying mechanism of ethylacetate fraction of Ribes fasciculatum (ERF) on the lifespan and stress tolerance using a Caenorhabditis elegans model. The longevity activ...The present study investigated the effects and underlying mechanism of ethylacetate fraction of Ribes fasciculatum (ERF) on the lifespan and stress tolerance using a Caenorhabditis elegans model. The longevity activity of ERF was determined by lifespan assay under normal culture condition. The survival rate of nematodes under various stress conditions was assessed to validate the effects of ERF on the stress tolerance. To determine the antioxidant potential of ERF, the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were investigated. The ERF-mediated change in SOD-3 expression was examined using GFP-expressing transgenic strain. The effects of ERF on the aging-related factors were investigated by reproduction assay and pharyngeal pumping assay. The intestinal lipofuscin levels of aged nematodes were also measured. The mechanistic studies were performed using selected mutant strains. Our results indicated that ERF showed potent lifespan extension effects on the wild-type nematode under both normal and various stress conditions. The ERF treatment also enhanced the activity and expression of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and attenuated the intracellular ROS levels. Moreover, ERF-fed nematodes showed decreased lipofuscin accumulation, indicating ERF might affect age-associated changes in C. elegans. The results of mechanistic studies indicated that there was no significant lifespan extension in ERF-treated daf-2, age-l, sir-2.1, and daf-16 null mutants, suggesting that they were involved in ERF-mediated lifespan regulation. In conclusion, R. fasciculatum confers increased longevity and stress resistance in C. elegans via SIR-2.1-mediated DAF-16 activation, dependent on the insulin/1GF signaling pathway.展开更多
Dietary restriction(DR) is one of the most robust environmental manipulations that not only extend life span but also delay the onset of age-related diseases in almost every species examined. Caenorhabditis elegans pl...Dietary restriction(DR) is one of the most robust environmental manipulations that not only extend life span but also delay the onset of age-related diseases in almost every species examined. Caenorhabditis elegans plays an important role in aging studies due to its simple life cycle, easy genetic manipulations and highly conserved genome. Recent studies have demonstrated that the beneficial effects of DR are mediated by the highly conserved transcription factors and signaling pathways in C. elegans. Here we review recent progress in the methodology and molecular mechanisms of DR using C. elegans as a model, as well as prospects for future research.展开更多
基金sponsored by the National Social Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12&ZD089)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.71403277)
文摘Population ageing and high financial leverage are two common problems .faced by the worM's major economies. The recent financial crisis proved that the two issues could lead to systemic risk if not handled properly. Based on dynamic panel data from 1980 to 2012 in 119 countries, this paper examines the impact of population ageing on financial leverage J?om an empirical point of view and finds that there is a signOqcant inverted U-shape relationship between the two. In addition, empirical studies show that after passing the "turning point" of ageing, there will be a marked increase in the probability of financial crisis during the "deleveraging" process. It can be projected from the empirical conclusions of this paper that China will likely enter the range of a turning point between 2019 and 2028. After that, population ageing, deleveraging and asset price collapse may have a "resonance" effect to severely impact the stability of the financial system. Therefore, China should shift to more proactive macro financial regulations as quickly as possible, as dynamic and robust management of financial leverage and forward-looking control of bubbles could ensure that the financial system remain flexible enough to avoid systemic risk to the greatest extent.
基金supported by a grant from Woosuk University(2013)
文摘The present study investigated the effects and underlying mechanism of ethylacetate fraction of Ribes fasciculatum (ERF) on the lifespan and stress tolerance using a Caenorhabditis elegans model. The longevity activity of ERF was determined by lifespan assay under normal culture condition. The survival rate of nematodes under various stress conditions was assessed to validate the effects of ERF on the stress tolerance. To determine the antioxidant potential of ERF, the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were investigated. The ERF-mediated change in SOD-3 expression was examined using GFP-expressing transgenic strain. The effects of ERF on the aging-related factors were investigated by reproduction assay and pharyngeal pumping assay. The intestinal lipofuscin levels of aged nematodes were also measured. The mechanistic studies were performed using selected mutant strains. Our results indicated that ERF showed potent lifespan extension effects on the wild-type nematode under both normal and various stress conditions. The ERF treatment also enhanced the activity and expression of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and attenuated the intracellular ROS levels. Moreover, ERF-fed nematodes showed decreased lipofuscin accumulation, indicating ERF might affect age-associated changes in C. elegans. The results of mechanistic studies indicated that there was no significant lifespan extension in ERF-treated daf-2, age-l, sir-2.1, and daf-16 null mutants, suggesting that they were involved in ERF-mediated lifespan regulation. In conclusion, R. fasciculatum confers increased longevity and stress resistance in C. elegans via SIR-2.1-mediated DAF-16 activation, dependent on the insulin/1GF signaling pathway.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31471379)Natural Science Foundation for Universities in Jiangsu Province,China(BK2014021506)to Chen Di
文摘Dietary restriction(DR) is one of the most robust environmental manipulations that not only extend life span but also delay the onset of age-related diseases in almost every species examined. Caenorhabditis elegans plays an important role in aging studies due to its simple life cycle, easy genetic manipulations and highly conserved genome. Recent studies have demonstrated that the beneficial effects of DR are mediated by the highly conserved transcription factors and signaling pathways in C. elegans. Here we review recent progress in the methodology and molecular mechanisms of DR using C. elegans as a model, as well as prospects for future research.