[Objective] This study aimed to analyze the ploidy of Chinese old roses and their progenies. [Method] The ploidy level of 38 roses was examined by the flow cytometry. [Result] The four Chinese old roses that influence...[Objective] This study aimed to analyze the ploidy of Chinese old roses and their progenies. [Method] The ploidy level of 38 roses was examined by the flow cytometry. [Result] The four Chinese old roses that influenced breeding of mod- ern roses were diploid. Since the progenies of these Chinese old roses crossed with the tetraploid European old roses were almost tetraploid, it is probable that the pro- genies were arisen by the unreduced gametes of the Chinese old roses. Other Chi- nese old roses analysed were triploid, it was presumed that triploids and diploids were intermingled in China of the 1700s and the plant hunters preferred the more fertile Chinese old roses to be introduced to Europe. Sixteen hybrids of Chinese old rose originated in China consisted of six diploids, five triploids and five tetraploids. [Conclusion] Although these diploid Chinese roses might be the progeny brought by crossing among only Chinese old roses, it was considered that triploids and tetraploids have been arisen by crossing between European old roses and Chinese old rose.展开更多
AIM:Microcirculatory disturbances are important early pathophysiological events in various organs during acute pancreatitis.The aim of the study was to evaluate changes in microperfusion of the pancreas,liver,kidney,s...AIM:Microcirculatory disturbances are important early pathophysiological events in various organs during acute pancreatitis.The aim of the study was to evaluate changes in microperfusion of the pancreas,liver,kidney,stomach, colon,skeletal muscle,and to investigate the influence of heparin on the organ microcirculation in caerulein-induced experimental acute pancreatitis. METHODS:Acute pancreatitis was induced by 4 intraperitoneal injections of caerulein(Cn)(15 μg/kg).The organ microcirculation was measured by laser Doppler flowmetry.Serum interleukin 6 and hematocrit levels were analysed. RESULTS:Acute pancreatitis resulted in a significant drop of microperfusion in all examined organs.Heparin administration(2×2.5 mg/kg)improved the microcirculation in pancreas(36.9±4% vs 75.9±10%),liver(56.6±6% vs 75.2±16%),kidney (45.1±6% vs 79.3±5%),stomach (65.2±8% vs 78.1±19%),colon(69.8±6% vs 102.5±19%), and skeletal muscle (59.2±6% vs 77.9±13%).Heparin treatment lowered IL-6(359.0±66 U/mL vs 288.5±58 U/mL) and hematocrit level(53±4% vs 46±3%). CONCLUSION:Heparin administration has a positive influence on organ microcirculatory disturbances accompanying experimental Cn-induced acute pancreatitis.展开更多
AIM: To investigate the anti-tumor effects of antiangiogenic therapy (a combination of TNP-470, an antiangiogenic compound, with gemcitabine, an antimetabolite) on human pancreatic carcinoma xenografts and its mechani...AIM: To investigate the anti-tumor effects of antiangiogenic therapy (a combination of TNP-470, an antiangiogenic compound, with gemcitabine, an antimetabolite) on human pancreatic carcinoma xenografts and its mechanism. METHODS: A surgical orthotopic implantation (SOI) model was established by suturing small pieces of SW1990 pancreatic carcinoma into the tail of pancreas in nude male mice. Mice then received either single therapy (n = 24) or combined therapy (n = 32). Mice receiving single therapy were randomly divided into control group, G100 group receiving 100 mg/kg gemcitabine IP on d O, 3, 6 and 9 after transplantation, and T30 group receiving 30 mg/kg TNP-470 s.c on alternate days for 8 wk. Mice receiving combined therapy were randomly divided into control group, T15 group, G50 group and combination group (TNP-470 30 mg/kg and gemcitabine 50 mg/kg). Animals were killed 8 wk after transplantation. Transplanted tumors, liver, lymph node and peritoneum were removed. Weight of transplanted tumors, the T/C rate (the rate of mean treated tumor weight to mean control tumor weight), change of body weight, metastasis rate, and 9-wk survival rate were investigated. Tumor samples were taken from the control group, T30 group, G100 group and combination group. PCNA index (PI) and microvessel density (MVD) were investigated by immunohistochemical staining for PCNA and factor VIII, respectively. RESULTS: There was a significant inhibitory effect on primary tumor growth of pancreatic carcinoma in G100 group, compared to T30 group, whereas tumor metastasis was significantly inhibited in T30 group compared to G100 group. There was no significant improvement in survival rate in these two groups. No significant inhibitory effect on tumor growth and metastasis in T15 group and G50 group. However, significant anti-tumor and anti-metastatic effects were observed in the combination group with a significant improvement in survival rate. The inhibitory effect on tumor growth in combination group enhanced 2 times in comparison with G50 group and 5 times in comparison with T15 group. Moreover, 25% of the animals hearing tumors were cured by the combination therapy. The levels of MVD and PI were 14.50±5.93 and 0.41±0.02,12.38±1.60 and 0.30±0.07, 7.13±2.99 and 0.37±0.03, and 5.21±1.23 and 0.23±0.02 respectively in the control group, G100 group, T30 group and combination group. A significant inhibitory effect on PI level and MVD level was observed in G100 group and T30 group respectively whereas both MVD and PI levels were significantly inhibited in the combination group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Antiangiogenic therapy shows significant anti-tumor and anti-metastatic effects, and is helpful to reduce the dosage of cytotoxic drugs and the side effects. These effects are related to the antiangiogenic effect of TNP-470 and cytotoxic effect of gemcitabine.展开更多
Objective: To investigate effects of developmental lead exposure on nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity in different brain regions and on N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor mRNA expression in the hippocampus of rat...Objective: To investigate effects of developmental lead exposure on nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity in different brain regions and on N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor mRNA expression in the hippocampus of rats. On the basis of these observations, we explored possible mechanisms by which lead exposure leads to impaired learning and memorizing abilities in children. Methods: A series of rat animal models exposed to low levels of lead during the developing period was established (drinking water containing 0.025%, 0.05% and 0.075% lead acetate). NOS activities in the hippocampus, the cerebral cortex, the cerebellum and the brain stem were determined with fluorescence measurement and levels of mRNA expression of the NMDA receptor 2A (NR2A) subunit and NMDA receptor 2B (NR2B) subunit in the rat hippocampus were measured with Retro-translation (RT-PCR). Results: There were no differences in the body weight of rat pups between any of the groups at any given time (P>0.05). The blood lead level of Pb-exposed rat pups showed a systematic pattern of change: at 14 d of age, it was lower than that at 7 d of age, then rising to the peak level at 21 d and finally falling to lower levels at 28 d. The hippocampal NOS activities of lead-exposed groups were all lower than that of the control group on the 21 st and 28th day (P<0.01). NOS activities in the cerebellum of lead-exposed groups were all lower than that of the control group on the 21 st and 28th day (P<0.001) and the NOS activity of the 0.025% group was significantly lower than that of the 0.05% and 0.075% groups on the 28th day (P<0.05).NOS activity in the cerebral cortex of the 0.075% group was significantly lower than that of the control, 0.025% and 0.05% groups on the four day spans (P<0.001). There was no significant difference of NOS activity in the brain stem between any lead-exposed group and the control group on the four day spans. In the 0.05% and the 0.075% groups, the level of NR2A mRNA expression was higher than that in the control group at 7 d and 14 d of age (P<0.05). In the 0.025% group, the level of NR2A was found to be higher than that in the control group at 7 d of age only (P<0.05). No significant differences were found for the levels of NR2B mRNA expression between any of the groups at any given time. Conclusions: NOS activity in the hippocampus, the cerebral cortex and the cerebellum are inhibited by lead exposure. The degree of the inhibitory effect depends on the time span of exposure and the lead concentration. Developmental low-level lead exposure was found to raise the level of NR2A mRNA expression in the hippocampus of rats. Developmental low-level lead exposure does not affect the level of NR2B mRNA expression in the hippocampus.展开更多
The color parameters during the Pedro Ximenez grape raisining, as well as the sweet wine aging process from the Montilla-Moriles grapes (Andalusia, Southern Spain), have been studied. Drying process of grapes was ca...The color parameters during the Pedro Ximenez grape raisining, as well as the sweet wine aging process from the Montilla-Moriles grapes (Andalusia, Southern Spain), have been studied. Drying process of grapes was carried out by means of the traditional sun-drying method and an alternative chamber-drying method under 50℃. Chamber-drying allows shorter drying time and select grapes at a higher ripening degree. During raisining grape musts decreased in hab (hue angle) and increased in Cab (chroma). In comparative terms, the final values of hue were virtually identical in both types of drying, although differences were found in the final values of chromaticity, being lower in the chamber-drying method. Changes in the color parameters during aging were compared in commercial wines with different aging systems and without aging. Likewise, as a reference of traditional wine aging system, the color changes in wines with four aging degrees were also studied. Regarding to the commercial wines studied, it can be pointed out the wine aged without blends for 4 years significantly differed in the values of hab and C*ab of the remaining wines, which show more similar values among them and in the data obtained for the wines aged by the traditional aging system.展开更多
AIM: To approach the elusive function of the SLA/LP molecule, we have characterized genomic organization and conservation of the major antigenic and functional properties of the SLA/LP molecule in various species. ME...AIM: To approach the elusive function of the SLA/LP molecule, we have characterized genomic organization and conservation of the major antigenic and functional properties of the SLA/LP molecule in various species. METHODS: By means of computational biology, we have characterized the complete SLA/LP gene, mRNA and deduced protein sequences in man, mouse, zebrafish, fly, and worm. RESULTS: The human SLA/LP gene sequence of approximately 39 kb, which maps to chromosome 4p15.2, is organized in 11 exons, of which 10 or 11 are translated, depending on the splice variant. Homologous molecules were identified in several biological model organisms. The various homologous protein sequences showed a high degree of similarity or homology, notably at those residues that are of functional importance. The only domain of the human protein sequence that lacks significant homology with homologous sequences is the major antigenic epitope recognized by autoantibodies from autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) patients. CONCLUSION: The SLA/LP molecule and its functionally relevant residues have been highly conserved throughout the evoluti n, suggesting an indispensable function of the molecule. The finding that the only non-conserved domain is the dominant antigenic epitope of the human SLA/LP sequence, suggests that SLA/LP autoimmunity is autoantigen-driven rather than being driven by molecular mimicry.展开更多
AIM: To investigate the effects of thalidomide on angiogenesis, tumor growth and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma in nude mice.METHODS: Twenty-four nude mice were randomly divided into therapy group and control ...AIM: To investigate the effects of thalidomide on angiogenesis, tumor growth and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma in nude mice.METHODS: Twenty-four nude mice were randomly divided into therapy group and control group, 12 mice in each group. Thalidomide dissolved in 0.5% sodium carboxyl methyl cellulose (CMC) suspension was administered intraperitoneally once a day at the dose of 200 mg/kg in therapy group, and an equivalent volume of 0.5% CMC in control group. Mice were sacrificed on the 30th d, tumor size and weight and metastases in liver and lungs were measured. CD34 and VEGF mRNA in tumor tissue were detected by immunohistochemistry and semi-quantitative RT-PCR respectively and microvessel density (MVD) was counted. Serum concentrations of TNF-α and ALT and AFP were also tested.RESULTS: MVD and VEGF mRNA in therapy group were less than those in control group (31.08±16.23 vessels/HP vs 80.00±26.27 vessels/HP, 0.0538±0.0165 vs 0.7373±0.1297,respectively, P<0.05). No statistical difference was observed in tumor size and weight and metastases in liver and lungs.TNF-α was significantly lower in therapy group than in control group (28.64±4.64 ng/L vs42.69±6.99 ng/L, P<0.05). No statistical difference in ALT and AFP was observed between groups.CONCLUSION: Thalidomide can significantly inhibitangiogenesis and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma.Italso has inhibitory effects on circulating TNF-α.展开更多
AIM: To observe the effect of cholecystokinin (CCK) on lipofusin value, neuronal dendrite and spine ultrastructure, and total cellular protein during the process of experimental neuronal aging. METHODS: Experimental n...AIM: To observe the effect of cholecystokinin (CCK) on lipofusin value, neuronal dendrite and spine ultrastructure, and total cellular protein during the process of experimental neuronal aging. METHODS: Experimental neuronal aging study model was established by NBA2 cellular serum-free culture method. By using single intracellular lipofusin value from microspectrophotometry, morphology of neuronal dendrites and spines from the scanner electron microscopy, and total cellular protein as the indexes of experimental neuronal aging, we observed the effect of CCKs on the process of experimental neuronal aging. RESULTS: Under the condition of serum-free culture, intracellular fluorescence value (%) increased with the extension of culture time (1 d 8.51±3.43; 5 d 10.12±3.03; 10 d 20.54±10.3; 15 d 36.88±10.49; bP<0.01). When CCK was added to serum-free culture medium, intracellular lipofusin value (%) decreased remarkably after consecutive CCK reaction for 10 and 15 d (control 36.88±10.49; 5 d 32.03±10.01; 10 d 14.37±5.55; 15 d 17.31±4.80; bP<0.01). As the time of serum-free culturing was prolonged, the number of neuronal dendrite and spine cells decreased. The later increased in number when CCK8 was added. CCK8 could improve the total cellular protein in the process of experimental neuronal aging. CONCLUSION: CCKs may prolong the process of experimental neuronal aging by maintaining the structure and the number of neuronal dendrite and spine cells and changing the total cellular protein.展开更多
AIM: Taraxacum officinale (TO) has been frequently used as a remedy for inflammatory diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of TO on cholecystokinin (CCK)-octapeptide-induced acute pancreatitis ...AIM: Taraxacum officinale (TO) has been frequently used as a remedy for inflammatory diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of TO on cholecystokinin (CCK)-octapeptide-induced acute pancreatitis in rats.METHODS: TO at 10 mg/kg was orally administered, followed by 75 μg/kg CCK octapeptide injected subcutaneously three times after 1, 3 and 5 h. This whole procedure was repeated for 5 d. We determined the pancreatic weight/body weight ratio, the levels of pancreatic HSP60 and HSP72, and the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Repeated CCK octapeptide treatment resulted in typical laboratory and morphological changes of experimentally-induced pancreatitis.RESULTS: TO significantly decreased the pancreatic weight/body weight ratio in CCK octapeptide-induced acute pancreatitis. TO also increased the pancreatic levels of HSP60 and HSP72. Additionally, the secretion of IL-6 and TNF-α decreased in the animals treated with TO.CONCLUSION: TO may have a protective effect against CCK octapeptide-induced acute pancreatitis.展开更多
New-old concrete composite system usually exists in concrete repairing structure.In the present work,series of experiments were carried out to investigate permeability and ion diffusion properties of new-old concrete ...New-old concrete composite system usually exists in concrete repairing structure.In the present work,series of experiments were carried out to investigate permeability and ion diffusion properties of new-old concrete composite by measuring 6-hour coulomb charge and chloride diffusivity.The interrelation among transport properties of new-old composites,new,and old concretes was also discussed.Results indicate that the permeability and chloride diffusivity of new-old concrete composite system closely interrelate to the corresponding new concrete and old concrete.The interfacial transition zone between new concrete and old concrete greatly influences the transport property of new-old concrete system.Compared with the corresponding new concrete and old concrete lower permeability and diffusivity values for the new-old concrete composites can be achieved by choosing suitable new concrete.It is possible to design the tailor-made new-old concrete composite system for repair given the transport property.展开更多
periodontal ligament stem cells; aging; proliferation; osteogenic differentiation Objective The aim of this study is to investigate the proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis of periodontal ligament stem cells...periodontal ligament stem cells; aging; proliferation; osteogenic differentiation Objective The aim of this study is to investigate the proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis of periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSC) derived from different aged donors, and to evaluate the effects of aging on the biological characteristics of PDLSC. Methods Periodontal ligament tissues were obtained from 24 surgically extracted human premolars during orthodontics therapy. The specimens were divided into three groups according to the donor’s age. Group A: 18-20 years, group B: 30-35 years, group C: 45-50 years. PDLSC were isolated and cultured using a tissue-block-based enzymolytic method by limiting dilution assay. The colony forming efficiency of PDLSC for three experimental groups was determined. Senescence-Associated β-Galactosidase (SA-β-G) expression in the three groups was examined using β-galactosidase staining working solution. Cell cycle and apoptosis of the PDLSC were examined by the flow cytometry. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity was evaluated by ALP staining. The expression of osteoplastic differentiation related genes Runt-related transcription factor-2 (Runx-2), Collagen Type 1 (col-1), and ALP of PDLSC were examined by quantitative real-time RT-PCR. Results The colony forming efficiency of PDLSC in Group A, B and C was 36.67%, 22.67% and 9.33%, respectively, which decreased with donors’ age (P〈0.05). SA-β-G expression of the senescent PDLSC in group A, B and C were 4.14%, 16.39%, 50.38%, respectively (P〈0.05). Cells in G2/S phase was 38.73%, 29.88%, 18.25% (P〈0.05), and the apoptosis rate was 1.57%, 4.56%, 5.84% (P〈0.05), in group A, B and C respectively. The ALP staining in the three groups decreased with the increase of donors’ ages, and the expression of Runx-2, col-1 and ALP decreased gradually from group A to group C (all P〈0.05), which indicated the osteogenic differentiation capacity of PDLSC decreased while donor aging. Conclusion Human PDLSC could be successfully isolated from periodontal ligament tissues of different aged donors. However, the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation capacity of PDLSC decreased while donor aging.展开更多
In this paper we investigate the possibility of pareto improving social security reforms within a framework of endogenous growth. Belan et al. proposed a transition from a pay-as-you-go(PAYG) pension system to a syste...In this paper we investigate the possibility of pareto improving social security reforms within a framework of endogenous growth. Belan et al. proposed a transition from a pay-as-you-go(PAYG) pension system to a system of saving-subsidization. We follow this approach and prove that a pareto improving conversion from the PAYG system to a fully funded system is possible and discuss the problem of implementing the transition to the fully funded system.展开更多
Based on the stochastic inclined rods model proposed by H. Matsuura et al., we study the motion of actin myosin system in an overdamped regime. Our model is composed ofan inclined spring (rod), a myosin head and a myo...Based on the stochastic inclined rods model proposed by H. Matsuura et al., we study the motion of actin myosin system in an overdamped regime. Our model is composed ofan inclined spring (rod), a myosin head and a myosin filament. The results of calculation show that the modelcan convert the random motion to one-directional motion, and the myosin head works as a resonator of random noise, which absorbs the energy through a stochastic resonance. The results show that the inclined rod and the intermolecular potential are very important for the system to move.展开更多
In the coming years life expectancy is expected to increase and with this the percentage of the population above age 65 will grow. Patients above 65 make up more than two thirds of those currently diagnosed with gastr...In the coming years life expectancy is expected to increase and with this the percentage of the population above age 65 will grow. Patients above 65 make up more than two thirds of those currently diagnosed with gastrointestinal malignancies. Available evidence based medicine does not focus on the average patient, above the age 70, encountered in every day practice. Most guidelines and clinical trials are not designed to take into account the special considerations needed when treating the elderly such as functional status, comorbidities, polypharmacy, life expectancy, and social support. The majority of available data is based on retrospective reviews or subset analyses of larger studies where the elderly represent a fraction of the studied population. This review focuses on the toxicities and tolerability of current standard therapies for noncolorectal gastrointestinal malignancies, including gastroesophageal, pancreatic, bile duct and hepatocellular cancers in the elderly. With careful patient selection and geriatric assessment the elderly can safely benefit from standard therapies offered to younger patients.展开更多
P21Waf1/Cip1 is a potent cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor. As a downstream mediator of p53, p21Waf1/Cip1 involves in cell cycle arrest, differentiation and apoptosis. Previous studies in human cells provided evidence...P21Waf1/Cip1 is a potent cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor. As a downstream mediator of p53, p21Waf1/Cip1 involves in cell cycle arrest, differentiation and apoptosis. Previous studies in human cells provided evidence for a link between p21Waf1/Cip1 and cellular senescence. While in murine cells, the role of p21Waf1/Cip1 is indefinite. We explored this issue using NIH3T3 cells with inducible p21Waf1/Cip1 expression. Induction of p21Waf1/Cip1 triggered G1 growth arrest, and NIH3T3-p21 cells exhibited morphologic features, such as enlarged and flattened cellular shape, specific to the senescence phenotype. We also showed that p21Waf1/Cip1-transduced NIH3T3 cells expressed β-galactosidase activity at pH 6.0, which is known to be a marker of senescence. Our results suggest that p21Waf1/Cip1 can also induce senescence-like changes in murine cells.展开更多
文摘[Objective] This study aimed to analyze the ploidy of Chinese old roses and their progenies. [Method] The ploidy level of 38 roses was examined by the flow cytometry. [Result] The four Chinese old roses that influenced breeding of mod- ern roses were diploid. Since the progenies of these Chinese old roses crossed with the tetraploid European old roses were almost tetraploid, it is probable that the pro- genies were arisen by the unreduced gametes of the Chinese old roses. Other Chi- nese old roses analysed were triploid, it was presumed that triploids and diploids were intermingled in China of the 1700s and the plant hunters preferred the more fertile Chinese old roses to be introduced to Europe. Sixteen hybrids of Chinese old rose originated in China consisted of six diploids, five triploids and five tetraploids. [Conclusion] Although these diploid Chinese roses might be the progeny brought by crossing among only Chinese old roses, it was considered that triploids and tetraploids have been arisen by crossing between European old roses and Chinese old rose.
基金Supported by Medical University of Gda■sk,grant W-120,Poland
文摘AIM:Microcirculatory disturbances are important early pathophysiological events in various organs during acute pancreatitis.The aim of the study was to evaluate changes in microperfusion of the pancreas,liver,kidney,stomach, colon,skeletal muscle,and to investigate the influence of heparin on the organ microcirculation in caerulein-induced experimental acute pancreatitis. METHODS:Acute pancreatitis was induced by 4 intraperitoneal injections of caerulein(Cn)(15 μg/kg).The organ microcirculation was measured by laser Doppler flowmetry.Serum interleukin 6 and hematocrit levels were analysed. RESULTS:Acute pancreatitis resulted in a significant drop of microperfusion in all examined organs.Heparin administration(2×2.5 mg/kg)improved the microcirculation in pancreas(36.9±4% vs 75.9±10%),liver(56.6±6% vs 75.2±16%),kidney (45.1±6% vs 79.3±5%),stomach (65.2±8% vs 78.1±19%),colon(69.8±6% vs 102.5±19%), and skeletal muscle (59.2±6% vs 77.9±13%).Heparin treatment lowered IL-6(359.0±66 U/mL vs 288.5±58 U/mL) and hematocrit level(53±4% vs 46±3%). CONCLUSION:Heparin administration has a positive influence on organ microcirculatory disturbances accompanying experimental Cn-induced acute pancreatitis.
文摘AIM: To investigate the anti-tumor effects of antiangiogenic therapy (a combination of TNP-470, an antiangiogenic compound, with gemcitabine, an antimetabolite) on human pancreatic carcinoma xenografts and its mechanism. METHODS: A surgical orthotopic implantation (SOI) model was established by suturing small pieces of SW1990 pancreatic carcinoma into the tail of pancreas in nude male mice. Mice then received either single therapy (n = 24) or combined therapy (n = 32). Mice receiving single therapy were randomly divided into control group, G100 group receiving 100 mg/kg gemcitabine IP on d O, 3, 6 and 9 after transplantation, and T30 group receiving 30 mg/kg TNP-470 s.c on alternate days for 8 wk. Mice receiving combined therapy were randomly divided into control group, T15 group, G50 group and combination group (TNP-470 30 mg/kg and gemcitabine 50 mg/kg). Animals were killed 8 wk after transplantation. Transplanted tumors, liver, lymph node and peritoneum were removed. Weight of transplanted tumors, the T/C rate (the rate of mean treated tumor weight to mean control tumor weight), change of body weight, metastasis rate, and 9-wk survival rate were investigated. Tumor samples were taken from the control group, T30 group, G100 group and combination group. PCNA index (PI) and microvessel density (MVD) were investigated by immunohistochemical staining for PCNA and factor VIII, respectively. RESULTS: There was a significant inhibitory effect on primary tumor growth of pancreatic carcinoma in G100 group, compared to T30 group, whereas tumor metastasis was significantly inhibited in T30 group compared to G100 group. There was no significant improvement in survival rate in these two groups. No significant inhibitory effect on tumor growth and metastasis in T15 group and G50 group. However, significant anti-tumor and anti-metastatic effects were observed in the combination group with a significant improvement in survival rate. The inhibitory effect on tumor growth in combination group enhanced 2 times in comparison with G50 group and 5 times in comparison with T15 group. Moreover, 25% of the animals hearing tumors were cured by the combination therapy. The levels of MVD and PI were 14.50±5.93 and 0.41±0.02,12.38±1.60 and 0.30±0.07, 7.13±2.99 and 0.37±0.03, and 5.21±1.23 and 0.23±0.02 respectively in the control group, G100 group, T30 group and combination group. A significant inhibitory effect on PI level and MVD level was observed in G100 group and T30 group respectively whereas both MVD and PI levels were significantly inhibited in the combination group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Antiangiogenic therapy shows significant anti-tumor and anti-metastatic effects, and is helpful to reduce the dosage of cytotoxic drugs and the side effects. These effects are related to the antiangiogenic effect of TNP-470 and cytotoxic effect of gemcitabine.
基金Project (No. 021103009) supported by the Science and Technology Bureau of Zhejiang Province, China
文摘Objective: To investigate effects of developmental lead exposure on nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity in different brain regions and on N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor mRNA expression in the hippocampus of rats. On the basis of these observations, we explored possible mechanisms by which lead exposure leads to impaired learning and memorizing abilities in children. Methods: A series of rat animal models exposed to low levels of lead during the developing period was established (drinking water containing 0.025%, 0.05% and 0.075% lead acetate). NOS activities in the hippocampus, the cerebral cortex, the cerebellum and the brain stem were determined with fluorescence measurement and levels of mRNA expression of the NMDA receptor 2A (NR2A) subunit and NMDA receptor 2B (NR2B) subunit in the rat hippocampus were measured with Retro-translation (RT-PCR). Results: There were no differences in the body weight of rat pups between any of the groups at any given time (P>0.05). The blood lead level of Pb-exposed rat pups showed a systematic pattern of change: at 14 d of age, it was lower than that at 7 d of age, then rising to the peak level at 21 d and finally falling to lower levels at 28 d. The hippocampal NOS activities of lead-exposed groups were all lower than that of the control group on the 21 st and 28th day (P<0.01). NOS activities in the cerebellum of lead-exposed groups were all lower than that of the control group on the 21 st and 28th day (P<0.001) and the NOS activity of the 0.025% group was significantly lower than that of the 0.05% and 0.075% groups on the 28th day (P<0.05).NOS activity in the cerebral cortex of the 0.075% group was significantly lower than that of the control, 0.025% and 0.05% groups on the four day spans (P<0.001). There was no significant difference of NOS activity in the brain stem between any lead-exposed group and the control group on the four day spans. In the 0.05% and the 0.075% groups, the level of NR2A mRNA expression was higher than that in the control group at 7 d and 14 d of age (P<0.05). In the 0.025% group, the level of NR2A was found to be higher than that in the control group at 7 d of age only (P<0.05). No significant differences were found for the levels of NR2B mRNA expression between any of the groups at any given time. Conclusions: NOS activity in the hippocampus, the cerebral cortex and the cerebellum are inhibited by lead exposure. The degree of the inhibitory effect depends on the time span of exposure and the lead concentration. Developmental low-level lead exposure was found to raise the level of NR2A mRNA expression in the hippocampus of rats. Developmental low-level lead exposure does not affect the level of NR2B mRNA expression in the hippocampus.
文摘The color parameters during the Pedro Ximenez grape raisining, as well as the sweet wine aging process from the Montilla-Moriles grapes (Andalusia, Southern Spain), have been studied. Drying process of grapes was carried out by means of the traditional sun-drying method and an alternative chamber-drying method under 50℃. Chamber-drying allows shorter drying time and select grapes at a higher ripening degree. During raisining grape musts decreased in hab (hue angle) and increased in Cab (chroma). In comparative terms, the final values of hue were virtually identical in both types of drying, although differences were found in the final values of chromaticity, being lower in the chamber-drying method. Changes in the color parameters during aging were compared in commercial wines with different aging systems and without aging. Likewise, as a reference of traditional wine aging system, the color changes in wines with four aging degrees were also studied. Regarding to the commercial wines studied, it can be pointed out the wine aged without blends for 4 years significantly differed in the values of hab and C*ab of the remaining wines, which show more similar values among them and in the data obtained for the wines aged by the traditional aging system.
基金Supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft(SFB 548)
文摘AIM: To approach the elusive function of the SLA/LP molecule, we have characterized genomic organization and conservation of the major antigenic and functional properties of the SLA/LP molecule in various species. METHODS: By means of computational biology, we have characterized the complete SLA/LP gene, mRNA and deduced protein sequences in man, mouse, zebrafish, fly, and worm. RESULTS: The human SLA/LP gene sequence of approximately 39 kb, which maps to chromosome 4p15.2, is organized in 11 exons, of which 10 or 11 are translated, depending on the splice variant. Homologous molecules were identified in several biological model organisms. The various homologous protein sequences showed a high degree of similarity or homology, notably at those residues that are of functional importance. The only domain of the human protein sequence that lacks significant homology with homologous sequences is the major antigenic epitope recognized by autoantibodies from autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) patients. CONCLUSION: The SLA/LP molecule and its functionally relevant residues have been highly conserved throughout the evoluti n, suggesting an indispensable function of the molecule. The finding that the only non-conserved domain is the dominant antigenic epitope of the human SLA/LP sequence, suggests that SLA/LP autoimmunity is autoantigen-driven rather than being driven by molecular mimicry.
文摘AIM: To investigate the effects of thalidomide on angiogenesis, tumor growth and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma in nude mice.METHODS: Twenty-four nude mice were randomly divided into therapy group and control group, 12 mice in each group. Thalidomide dissolved in 0.5% sodium carboxyl methyl cellulose (CMC) suspension was administered intraperitoneally once a day at the dose of 200 mg/kg in therapy group, and an equivalent volume of 0.5% CMC in control group. Mice were sacrificed on the 30th d, tumor size and weight and metastases in liver and lungs were measured. CD34 and VEGF mRNA in tumor tissue were detected by immunohistochemistry and semi-quantitative RT-PCR respectively and microvessel density (MVD) was counted. Serum concentrations of TNF-α and ALT and AFP were also tested.RESULTS: MVD and VEGF mRNA in therapy group were less than those in control group (31.08±16.23 vessels/HP vs 80.00±26.27 vessels/HP, 0.0538±0.0165 vs 0.7373±0.1297,respectively, P<0.05). No statistical difference was observed in tumor size and weight and metastases in liver and lungs.TNF-α was significantly lower in therapy group than in control group (28.64±4.64 ng/L vs42.69±6.99 ng/L, P<0.05). No statistical difference in ALT and AFP was observed between groups.CONCLUSION: Thalidomide can significantly inhibitangiogenesis and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma.Italso has inhibitory effects on circulating TNF-α.
基金Supported by Shanghai Natural Science Foundation, No. 9821314040
文摘AIM: To observe the effect of cholecystokinin (CCK) on lipofusin value, neuronal dendrite and spine ultrastructure, and total cellular protein during the process of experimental neuronal aging. METHODS: Experimental neuronal aging study model was established by NBA2 cellular serum-free culture method. By using single intracellular lipofusin value from microspectrophotometry, morphology of neuronal dendrites and spines from the scanner electron microscopy, and total cellular protein as the indexes of experimental neuronal aging, we observed the effect of CCKs on the process of experimental neuronal aging. RESULTS: Under the condition of serum-free culture, intracellular fluorescence value (%) increased with the extension of culture time (1 d 8.51±3.43; 5 d 10.12±3.03; 10 d 20.54±10.3; 15 d 36.88±10.49; bP<0.01). When CCK was added to serum-free culture medium, intracellular lipofusin value (%) decreased remarkably after consecutive CCK reaction for 10 and 15 d (control 36.88±10.49; 5 d 32.03±10.01; 10 d 14.37±5.55; 15 d 17.31±4.80; bP<0.01). As the time of serum-free culturing was prolonged, the number of neuronal dendrite and spine cells decreased. The later increased in number when CCK8 was added. CCK8 could improve the total cellular protein in the process of experimental neuronal aging. CONCLUSION: CCKs may prolong the process of experimental neuronal aging by maintaining the structure and the number of neuronal dendrite and spine cells and changing the total cellular protein.
文摘AIM: Taraxacum officinale (TO) has been frequently used as a remedy for inflammatory diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of TO on cholecystokinin (CCK)-octapeptide-induced acute pancreatitis in rats.METHODS: TO at 10 mg/kg was orally administered, followed by 75 μg/kg CCK octapeptide injected subcutaneously three times after 1, 3 and 5 h. This whole procedure was repeated for 5 d. We determined the pancreatic weight/body weight ratio, the levels of pancreatic HSP60 and HSP72, and the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Repeated CCK octapeptide treatment resulted in typical laboratory and morphological changes of experimentally-induced pancreatitis.RESULTS: TO significantly decreased the pancreatic weight/body weight ratio in CCK octapeptide-induced acute pancreatitis. TO also increased the pancreatic levels of HSP60 and HSP72. Additionally, the secretion of IL-6 and TNF-α decreased in the animals treated with TO.CONCLUSION: TO may have a protective effect against CCK octapeptide-induced acute pancreatitis.
基金Project(2013CB036201)supported by the National Basic Research Program of ChinaProject(51178467)supported by National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(NCET-10-0839)supported by Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University,China
文摘New-old concrete composite system usually exists in concrete repairing structure.In the present work,series of experiments were carried out to investigate permeability and ion diffusion properties of new-old concrete composite by measuring 6-hour coulomb charge and chloride diffusivity.The interrelation among transport properties of new-old composites,new,and old concretes was also discussed.Results indicate that the permeability and chloride diffusivity of new-old concrete composite system closely interrelate to the corresponding new concrete and old concrete.The interfacial transition zone between new concrete and old concrete greatly influences the transport property of new-old concrete system.Compared with the corresponding new concrete and old concrete lower permeability and diffusivity values for the new-old concrete composites can be achieved by choosing suitable new concrete.It is possible to design the tailor-made new-old concrete composite system for repair given the transport property.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(51473175), Science and Technology Nova Plan of Beijing City(Z141107001814101).
文摘periodontal ligament stem cells; aging; proliferation; osteogenic differentiation Objective The aim of this study is to investigate the proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis of periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSC) derived from different aged donors, and to evaluate the effects of aging on the biological characteristics of PDLSC. Methods Periodontal ligament tissues were obtained from 24 surgically extracted human premolars during orthodontics therapy. The specimens were divided into three groups according to the donor’s age. Group A: 18-20 years, group B: 30-35 years, group C: 45-50 years. PDLSC were isolated and cultured using a tissue-block-based enzymolytic method by limiting dilution assay. The colony forming efficiency of PDLSC for three experimental groups was determined. Senescence-Associated β-Galactosidase (SA-β-G) expression in the three groups was examined using β-galactosidase staining working solution. Cell cycle and apoptosis of the PDLSC were examined by the flow cytometry. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity was evaluated by ALP staining. The expression of osteoplastic differentiation related genes Runt-related transcription factor-2 (Runx-2), Collagen Type 1 (col-1), and ALP of PDLSC were examined by quantitative real-time RT-PCR. Results The colony forming efficiency of PDLSC in Group A, B and C was 36.67%, 22.67% and 9.33%, respectively, which decreased with donors’ age (P〈0.05). SA-β-G expression of the senescent PDLSC in group A, B and C were 4.14%, 16.39%, 50.38%, respectively (P〈0.05). Cells in G2/S phase was 38.73%, 29.88%, 18.25% (P〈0.05), and the apoptosis rate was 1.57%, 4.56%, 5.84% (P〈0.05), in group A, B and C respectively. The ALP staining in the three groups decreased with the increase of donors’ ages, and the expression of Runx-2, col-1 and ALP decreased gradually from group A to group C (all P〈0.05), which indicated the osteogenic differentiation capacity of PDLSC decreased while donor aging. Conclusion Human PDLSC could be successfully isolated from periodontal ligament tissues of different aged donors. However, the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation capacity of PDLSC decreased while donor aging.
文摘In this paper we investigate the possibility of pareto improving social security reforms within a framework of endogenous growth. Belan et al. proposed a transition from a pay-as-you-go(PAYG) pension system to a system of saving-subsidization. We follow this approach and prove that a pareto improving conversion from the PAYG system to a fully funded system is possible and discuss the problem of implementing the transition to the fully funded system.
文摘Based on the stochastic inclined rods model proposed by H. Matsuura et al., we study the motion of actin myosin system in an overdamped regime. Our model is composed ofan inclined spring (rod), a myosin head and a myosin filament. The results of calculation show that the modelcan convert the random motion to one-directional motion, and the myosin head works as a resonator of random noise, which absorbs the energy through a stochastic resonance. The results show that the inclined rod and the intermolecular potential are very important for the system to move.
文摘In the coming years life expectancy is expected to increase and with this the percentage of the population above age 65 will grow. Patients above 65 make up more than two thirds of those currently diagnosed with gastrointestinal malignancies. Available evidence based medicine does not focus on the average patient, above the age 70, encountered in every day practice. Most guidelines and clinical trials are not designed to take into account the special considerations needed when treating the elderly such as functional status, comorbidities, polypharmacy, life expectancy, and social support. The majority of available data is based on retrospective reviews or subset analyses of larger studies where the elderly represent a fraction of the studied population. This review focuses on the toxicities and tolerability of current standard therapies for noncolorectal gastrointestinal malignancies, including gastroesophageal, pancreatic, bile duct and hepatocellular cancers in the elderly. With careful patient selection and geriatric assessment the elderly can safely benefit from standard therapies offered to younger patients.
文摘P21Waf1/Cip1 is a potent cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor. As a downstream mediator of p53, p21Waf1/Cip1 involves in cell cycle arrest, differentiation and apoptosis. Previous studies in human cells provided evidence for a link between p21Waf1/Cip1 and cellular senescence. While in murine cells, the role of p21Waf1/Cip1 is indefinite. We explored this issue using NIH3T3 cells with inducible p21Waf1/Cip1 expression. Induction of p21Waf1/Cip1 triggered G1 growth arrest, and NIH3T3-p21 cells exhibited morphologic features, such as enlarged and flattened cellular shape, specific to the senescence phenotype. We also showed that p21Waf1/Cip1-transduced NIH3T3 cells expressed β-galactosidase activity at pH 6.0, which is known to be a marker of senescence. Our results suggest that p21Waf1/Cip1 can also induce senescence-like changes in murine cells.