老龄保障政策的概念建构与内在逻辑——兼论面向中国式现代化的老龄保障政策发展路径

19世纪以来现代化进程中的老龄化问题,催生了老龄保障政策建立。老龄保障政策既应对了老龄化问题,同时又建构了老龄概念。按照剩余型、工作能力-成绩型和制度性再分配型社会保障政策的类型划分,可以发现不同政策类型分别对老龄进行了不同的概念建构,体现出多样性的内在逻辑。据此可归纳为老龄保障政策的三张老人面孔,包括:经济市场主义逻辑下的弱者面孔,生产工业主义逻辑下的退休者面孔,政治民主主义逻辑下的投票者面孔。面向中国式现代化,自主性发展内涵可以使我国老龄保障政策超越西方现代化条件下的政策逻辑,走面向全体人民、以主动参与和社会融合为内涵、以需求为导向、以家庭为依托的老龄保障政策发展路径。

论多极化老龄服务保障体系的构建

老龄化正日益成为一个全球性的社会问题,在我国呈现加剧发展态势。老龄化工作的一个核心要点是如何健康、科学养老。通过整合社会养老资源、完善社区养老服务体系、创新养老服务模式等手段,构建一个适应老龄化社会发展需要的多极化老龄服务保障体系,可以有效化解老龄化所带来的一些问题,促进社会和谐、有序、健康发展,使健康老龄化成为社会养老的主流意识。

人口老龄化的影响及治理对策——以韩国为例

人口老龄化趋势不仅降低了韩国劳动供给能力,而且降低了社会总需求,加大了韩国政府财政负担。为了应对老龄化趋势,韩国成立专门机构负责研究和制定老龄化相关法律,不断完善养老保障制度体系。韩国应对老龄化问题的经验,给正在快速步入老龄化社会的中国以很好的借鉴。

老年人权益法治保障的创新与实践——以应对诈骗伤害为中心

在整体步入人口老龄化的社会大背景下,老年人已然成为中国法治的重要主体之一。如何健全完善老龄法治体系,实现真正意义上对老年人合法权益的全面保障成为需要迫切回应的社会命题。当下,专门针对老年群体实施的婚恋诈骗、健康保健诈骗、资产管理诈骗、养老送终诈骗案件频发,而现行的老龄法治体系难以适应信息网络时代层出不穷的老年人权益侵害问题。实现真正意义上的老年权益保障,需要在立法、司法、执法的各个环节贯彻落实积极应对人口老龄化的顶层设计,努力构建尊老、爱老、敬老、护老的社会氛围。

老龄化背景下高校离退休工作探究

高校离退休人员是整个老龄群体中十分重要的一部分,既具有普遍性,又具有特殊性。在推进社会主义和谐社会建设中,要认真研究制定应对人口老龄化的政策措施,结合高校离退休工作出现的新特点、新问题,提出实行健康老龄化,积极老龄化和保障老龄化的新举措,以顺应老龄化的趋势,促进社会和谐健康的发展。

政策视角下我国居家养老服务法制建设问题研究

我国老龄化问题的治理需要法制力量支撑,才能构建高效的社会治理体系,居家养老服务行业是有待探索的法制建设领域。当今法制建设处在政策法规创设阶段,本研究从政策视角梳理已出台的法律文件,描述政策现况,评析法制建设的现状与发展方向。研究认为,居家养老服务法制建设需要与公共服务生产过程平行,在立法中关注服务供给和需求的特点,政策效果与养老服务供给主体和供给方式的搭配模式有关。我国现处于法制建设深水区,现有法规坚持问题导向,与时俱进,但在专业概念定义、配套法律法规及监管标准和执行方面有待完善。从现实情况来看,在系统建设、政府职责、服务推广三方面还存在建设空间,未来需要以科学立法促进系统化法制体系建设,以政府职责推进合作机制的建立,以政府引导和管理助力养老服务推广,理顺规范政府与市场的关系,加快构建多层次、多样化的养老服务体系。

加拿大养老保障制度中的女性利益

加拿大养老保障制度有三根支柱 (三项分制度 )。第一根支柱是老龄保障 ,第二根支柱是加拿大年金计划 ,第三根支柱是免税私人养老项目。各项制度的设计都会涉及男女两性的利益再分配 ,本文分别介绍三根支柱的具体内容并分析各项制度设计对女性利益的影响。

Effects of the New Two-child Policy On Family Old-age Security

This paper analyzes the current situation of the aging population and low fertility rate.lt is found that the aging process is accelerated, the population growth potential is decreased, and the elderly dependency ratio is higher.Secondly, this paper mainly analyzes the impact of the new two-child policy on family pension security from three aspects： population policy, family support and social security.There are two aspects of the effects, the positive effects are：improve fertility, reduce elderly dependency ratio, relieve population aging,enhance the family development： the negative effects are： tremendous pressure on public resources, further inequality in birth right, heavy economic pressure on the family.At last. this paper puts forward the constructive countermeasures against the problems of the policy and the was out of the family old-age security.

The dilemma and reasons of Chinese Private Institutions for the Aged

China has entered the aging society, huge elderly population base, rapid growth in the elderly population and increasingly showing aging, empty nest trend. The population of Disability and half-disabled elderly who need take of is growing. The pressure of the government pension is huge. At the same time, the Private Institutions for the Aged supply gap is big, the trend of demand exceeds supply is increasing day by day. Private Institutions for the Aged has gradually become the mainstream, to become a good way to solve the problem of pension in the future. However, due to the system of China＇s old-age service is not perfect, the social security institution is not clear, the implementation of social security experience and so on. Those has brought the very big resistance to the development of private institutions for the aged. we need analyze the dilemma of private institutions for the aged, identify the underlying reasons, and continue to deepen market-oriented pension services.

Research on spirit and culture of the elderly life under the multiple responsibility

With the transformation of population age structure and the extension of life expectancy, China has entered a rapid aging period. With development of social economy and the social security systcn~ the elderly spiritual and cultural needs is becoming more and more importantly. To the government, enterprise, society community, family and themselves, enriching the spirit and culture of the elderly life is a higher level of challenge.

The role of government in the mode of ＂medical care and support＂

Along with the acceleration of population aging process, the government as a social security gatekeeper responsibility has become increasingly prominent, improve public finance policy, properly solve the pension problem has become the important work of governments at all levels. Under the guidance of national policy, the State Council ＂on promoting health and pension services combined guidance＂ put forward to 2020, the medical and health care services and resources to achieve the ordered shared, covering urban and rural areas, appropriate scale.functional^reasonable.comprehensive and continuous medical support with service network is basically formed. In this paper, the background of the aging population, the interpretation of the meaning of the combination of medical and support, analysis of the combination of medical support mode. It is pointed out that in public finance from the perspective of medical support with the development mode will face the difficulty of system design is not sufficient, the division of responsibilities is unknown, limitations of existing policies, human, financial and material resources lack of. At last on the basis of the proposed development of medical support combined with the pension service model emphasizes the role of the govenunent to speed up the system construction and innovation of financial subsidies. improve the policy system and other measures.

我国老龄社会的法律制度及其法律对策

人口老龄化不仅逐渐成为全球性趋势,而且成为21世纪人类社会发展的主要特征,如何应对人口老龄化成为时代的课题。我国老龄法制在基础性法律规范制定、立法的科学性与制度性、法律救济制度等方面还存在诸多问题,而西方国家注重立法建设、优化国家权力、市场化改革、多元化的老龄工作体系,为我国应对人口老龄化问题提供了宝贵经验和法律制度建设思路。

完善我国特困老人救助供养制度研究——基于美国整合型照护PACE模式的比较与借鉴

在人口老龄化和脱贫攻坚的时代背景下,特困老人作为目前最困难最脆弱的群体不容忽视。我国特困老人供养制度面临着集中供养比重偏低,供养保障水平低,资金服务等多重瓶颈问题。美国整合型照护(Program of All-Inclusive Care,简称PACE)模式是针对低收入失能老人的社区养老服务制度创新,为老年人提供无缝隙的关怀服务,解决了养老服务和医疗服务系统的碎片和低效问题,为我国老人特困救助供养制度的转型提供借鉴。本文认为,我国特困救助供养制度要加快改革,实现制度转型。建议对特困老人进行分类,科学设置供养对象的资格评估制度,集中优势资源服务于失能和半失能老人,提高供养服务水平;通过整合资金和利用信息技术等手段,完善其医疗供养服务和养老服务的整合,实现政府引导下的多元合作供给格局。

The Chinese response to the challenges of aging

The burden of support for the elderly, intergenemfional relationships and value realization constitute three vital factors that will shape China＇s sustainable development in the future. These three issues translate themselves into the problem of ＂fewer producers and more consumers＂ in the field of economics, or intergenerational conflicts over distribution of resources and power and the issue of old people＇s value realization in the field of sociology. From the perspective of demography, old persons who are vulnerable as a result of family planning occupy an ever increasing proportion of the population, and China can expect to see a large number of ＂elderly people affected by family planning.＂ This concept has been formulated to draw the attention of government and government departments at all levels to the public benefit and welfare character of public services in population and family planning. Aging poses long-term and diverse challenges to a China that is getting old before it gets rich. In response to such challenges, this paper proposes a strategy of ＂successful aging＂ that foresees an old age of health, activity, harmony and happiness. In responding to population aging and the challenges it poses, Chinese society has developed a unique approach that combines tradition with modem elements. This approach may be summarized as being based on old age support by families, work units （collectives） and self-help, supplemented by the community, social welfare and philanthropy. The paper concludes with a brief review of the contributions in this special issue within the framework of＂China＇s problem and China＇s choices.＂