目的:以前额叶皮层和运动皮层为目标脑区,在健康人群中探索多焦点经颅直流电刺激(transcranial direct current stimulation,tDCS)同时刺激多脑区对骑行耐力表现的影响。方法:受试者在功率自行车上进行递增负荷耐力运动,期间采用功能性...目的:以前额叶皮层和运动皮层为目标脑区,在健康人群中探索多焦点经颅直流电刺激(transcranial direct current stimulation,tDCS)同时刺激多脑区对骑行耐力表现的影响。方法:受试者在功率自行车上进行递增负荷耐力运动,期间采用功能性近红外光谱脑成像系统监测目标皮层运动终止时的血流动力学表现,通过分析皮层激活与运动时间的相关性确定目标脑区。其后采用多焦点tDCS针对性刺激目标脑区,分析和比较刺激前后最后阶段运动表现和下肢肌肉均方根振幅(root mean square amplitude,RMS),评估刺激干预对骑行耐力表现的影响。结果:1)前额叶皮层和运动皮层在运动终止时大面积激活,其中运动皮层FC1h、FC2h、C1h和C2h的激活与运动时间显著负相关。2)相比刺激前,运动中的心率在多焦点tDCS刺激后显著降低;相比Sham组,多焦点tDCS刺激显著提高运动的做功量和骑行转速。3)推进期,相比刺激前,股直肌、股四头肌内侧、股四头肌外侧和胫骨前肌的RMS在多焦点tDCS刺激后显著降低;相比Sham组,多焦点tDCS组股二头肌RMS在刺激后呈现低的激活水平。提拉期,相比刺激前,股二头肌RMS在多焦点tDCS刺激后显著降低;相比Sham组,多焦点tDCS组股四头肌内侧的RMS在刺激后呈现高的激活水平,腓肠肌外侧RMS在刺激后呈现低的激活水平。结论:多焦点tDCS特异性激活运动皮层提高了骑行耐力表现和机体对运动的适应性,多焦点tDCS可能是增强耐力运动表现的一种有效手段。展开更多
Endurance athletic performance is highly related to a number of fiactors that can be altered through altitude and hypoxic training including increases in erythrocyte volume, maximal aerobic exercise capacity, capillar...Endurance athletic performance is highly related to a number of fiactors that can be altered through altitude and hypoxic training including increases in erythrocyte volume, maximal aerobic exercise capacity, capillary density, and economy. Physiological adaptations in response to acute and chronic exposure to hypoxic environments are well documented and range from short-term detrimental effects to longer-term adaptations that can improve performance at altitude and in sea-level competitions. Many altitude and hypoxic training protocols have been developed, employing various combinations of living and training at sea-level, low, moderate, and high altitudes and utilizing natural and artificial altitudes, with varying degrees of effectiveness. Several factors have been identified that are associated with individual responses to hypoxic training, and techniques for identifying those athletes most likely to benefit from hypoxic trairdng continue to be investigated. Exposure to sufficiently high altitude （2000-3000 m） for more than 12 h/day, while training at lower altitudes, for a minimum of 21 days is recommended. Timing of altitude training related to competition remains under debate, although general recommendations can be considered.展开更多
文摘目的:以前额叶皮层和运动皮层为目标脑区,在健康人群中探索多焦点经颅直流电刺激(transcranial direct current stimulation,tDCS)同时刺激多脑区对骑行耐力表现的影响。方法:受试者在功率自行车上进行递增负荷耐力运动,期间采用功能性近红外光谱脑成像系统监测目标皮层运动终止时的血流动力学表现,通过分析皮层激活与运动时间的相关性确定目标脑区。其后采用多焦点tDCS针对性刺激目标脑区,分析和比较刺激前后最后阶段运动表现和下肢肌肉均方根振幅(root mean square amplitude,RMS),评估刺激干预对骑行耐力表现的影响。结果:1)前额叶皮层和运动皮层在运动终止时大面积激活,其中运动皮层FC1h、FC2h、C1h和C2h的激活与运动时间显著负相关。2)相比刺激前,运动中的心率在多焦点tDCS刺激后显著降低;相比Sham组,多焦点tDCS刺激显著提高运动的做功量和骑行转速。3)推进期,相比刺激前,股直肌、股四头肌内侧、股四头肌外侧和胫骨前肌的RMS在多焦点tDCS刺激后显著降低;相比Sham组,多焦点tDCS组股二头肌RMS在刺激后呈现低的激活水平。提拉期,相比刺激前,股二头肌RMS在多焦点tDCS刺激后显著降低;相比Sham组,多焦点tDCS组股四头肌内侧的RMS在刺激后呈现高的激活水平,腓肠肌外侧RMS在刺激后呈现低的激活水平。结论:多焦点tDCS特异性激活运动皮层提高了骑行耐力表现和机体对运动的适应性,多焦点tDCS可能是增强耐力运动表现的一种有效手段。
文摘Endurance athletic performance is highly related to a number of fiactors that can be altered through altitude and hypoxic training including increases in erythrocyte volume, maximal aerobic exercise capacity, capillary density, and economy. Physiological adaptations in response to acute and chronic exposure to hypoxic environments are well documented and range from short-term detrimental effects to longer-term adaptations that can improve performance at altitude and in sea-level competitions. Many altitude and hypoxic training protocols have been developed, employing various combinations of living and training at sea-level, low, moderate, and high altitudes and utilizing natural and artificial altitudes, with varying degrees of effectiveness. Several factors have been identified that are associated with individual responses to hypoxic training, and techniques for identifying those athletes most likely to benefit from hypoxic trairdng continue to be investigated. Exposure to sufficiently high altitude （2000-3000 m） for more than 12 h/day, while training at lower altitudes, for a minimum of 21 days is recommended. Timing of altitude training related to competition remains under debate, although general recommendations can be considered.
