To analyze the constituents of essential oil from Chinese eaglewood [resinous wood of Aquilaria sinensis （Lour.） Gilg] and its anti-methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus （MRSA） activity. The essential oil wa...To analyze the constituents of essential oil from Chinese eaglewood [resinous wood of Aquilaria sinensis （Lour.） Gilg] and its anti-methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus （MRSA） activity. The essential oil was extracted by water-steam distillation and analyzed by GC/MS method. The relative contents of the compounds were determined by normalization. The compounds were characterized by NIST05 and WILEY275L database matching and comparison of their MS spectra with those of literature data. Antibacterial activity of the oil was assayed by the filter paper disc agar diffusion method. The oil showed significant antibacterial activity against MRSA. Sixty-six chromatographic peaks were detected, among them thirty compounds comprising 59.80% of the total essential oil were characterized. Twenty-six compounds comprising 54.26% of the oil were identified as sesquiterpenes. β-Agarofuran （8.96%）, kusunol （7.82%）, （-）-jinkoh-eremol （5.04%）, agarospirol （4.53%）, baimuxifuranic acid （4.09%） were the major sesquiterpenes. Four nor-sesquiterpenes and some other sesquiterpenes, such as 10-epi-γ-eudesmol, α-agarofuran, epi-ligulyl oxide, etc. were detected in Chinese eaglewood oil for the first time. This is the first report about anti-MRSA activity of Chinese eaglewood oil from A. sinensis.展开更多
The concentration and variational trend of As3 +and As 5+,the bacterial resistance for the As 3+and As 5+and converting conditions from As3 +to As 5+were analyzed.The additive was used to prompt the bacterial leaching...The concentration and variational trend of As3 +and As 5+,the bacterial resistance for the As 3+and As 5+and converting conditions from As3 +to As 5+were analyzed.The additive was used to prompt the bacterial leaching efficiency by changing valence state of arsenic.The results show that the concentration of As 3+ is larger than that of As 5+ in the lag phase.The concentration of As 3+ decreases in the log phase,and is lower than that of As5 +.HQ-0211 typed bacteria express better resistance for As 3+and As 5+and remain growing when the concentrations of As3 +and As 5+are above 6.0 g/L and 12.0 g/L,respectively.It is found that Fe 3+cannot oxidize As3 +singly as strong oxidant in the leaching system,but can cooperate with pyrite or chalcopyrite to do that.The oxidation of As 3+ is prompted with addition of H2O2.The bacterial activity is improved in favor of bacterial leaching efficiency.NaClO restrains the bacterial growth to depress leaching efficiency because of the chloric compounds affecting bacterial activity.展开更多
A novel strain of Micrococcus sp.DUT_AHX,which was isolated from the sludge of a nitrobenzene(NB)-manufacturing plant and could utilize NB as the sole carbon source,was identified on the basis of physiological and bio...A novel strain of Micrococcus sp.DUT_AHX,which was isolated from the sludge of a nitrobenzene(NB)-manufacturing plant and could utilize NB as the sole carbon source,was identified on the basis of physiological and biochemical tests and 16S ribosomal DNA(rDNA)sequence analysis.It can grow at the temperature up to 40℃or in the presence of NaCl concentration up to 12 g/L in Luria-Bertani(LB)medium.The optimal degradation conditions are as follows:temperature 37℃,pH 7.0,and shaking speed 150 r/min.The strain involves a partial reductive pathway due to the release of ammonia and can also utilize 2-aminophenol as the sole carbon source.Furthermore,the enzyme activity tests show that crude extracts of NB-grown strain DUT_AHX mainly contain 2-aminophenol 1,6-dioxygenase activity.The exploitation of salt-tolerant bacteria will be a remarkable improvement in NB bioremediation and wastewater treatment at high salinity and high temperature.展开更多
Background: The physiological and biochemical demands of intense exercise elicit both muscle-based and systemic responses. The main adaptations to endurance exercise include the correction of electrolyte imbalance, a ...Background: The physiological and biochemical demands of intense exercise elicit both muscle-based and systemic responses. The main adaptations to endurance exercise include the correction of electrolyte imbalance, a decrease in glycogen storage and the increase of oxidative stress, intestinal permeability, muscle damage, and systemic inflammatory response. Adaptations to exercise might be influenced by the gut microbiota, which plays an important role in the production, storage, and expenditure of energy obtained from the diet as well as in inflammation,redox reactions, and hydration status.Methods: A systematic and comprehensive search of electronic databases, including MEDLINE, Scopus, Clinical Trials.gov, Science Direct,Springer Link, and EMBASE was done. The search process was completed using the keywords: "endurance", "exercise", "immune response","microbiota", "nutrition", and "probiotics".Results: Reviewed literature supports the hypothesis that intestinal microbiota might be able to provide a measureable, effective marker of an athlete's immune function and that microbial composition analysis might also be sensitive enough to detect exercise-induced stress and metabolic disorders. The review also supports the hypothesis that modifying the microbiota through the use of probiotics could be an important therapeutic tool to improve athletes' overall general health, performance, and energy availability while controlling inflammation and redox levels.Conclusion: The present review provides a comprehensive overview of how gut microbiota may have a key role in controlling the oxidative stress and inflammatory responses as well as improving metabolism and energy expenditure during intense exercise.展开更多
The emergence and rapid spread of multidrug-resistant gram-positive bacteria has become a vital and serious medical problem. A literature search was conducted in Pub Med, EMBASE, and Elsevier databases to identify rel...The emergence and rapid spread of multidrug-resistant gram-positive bacteria has become a vital and serious medical problem. A literature search was conducted in Pub Med, EMBASE, and Elsevier databases to identify relevant publications. To calculate the risk ratios（RRs） with 95% confidential intervals（CIs）, a fixed- or random-effects model was applied based on the heterogeneity across studies. Five studies containing seven RCTs were included in this meta-analysis. Regarding c SSTIs, HAP, SAB, there was no statistically significant difference in the rate of clinical cure between telavancin and vancomycin or standard therapy in intention-to-treat population（ITT）（RR 1.01, 95% CI 0.97–1.05, P = 0.72; FEM） and clinically evaluable population（CE）（RR 1.01, 95% CI 0.98–1.04, P = 0.41; FEM）. However, telavancin was more effective than vancomycin or standard therapy in MRSA eradication rate（RR 1.08, 95% CI 1.02–1.14, P = 0.009; FEM）. Regarding the safety profile, no statistically significant differences were found in all-cause mortality（9.0% vs. 8.4%; RR 1.07, 95% CI 0.88–1.31, P = 0.49; FEM） and overall adverse events（77.0% vs. 72.3%; RR 1.08, 95% CI 0.98–1.20, P = 0.12; FEM） between telavancin and vancomycin or standard therapy. Pooled data from c SSTIs, HAP and SAB studies on telavancin indicated higher rates of adverse-event related withdrawals（7.7% vs. 5.4%; RR 1.43, 95% CI 1.12–1.83, P = 0.05; FEM） and creatinine elevation（10.0% vs. 5.1%; RR 1.95, 95% CI 1.53–2.48, P0.00001; FEM） than vancomycin or standard therapy. Telavancin and vancomycin or standard therapy are equally effective for the treatment of c SSTIs, HAP and SAB, and telavancin might be an option for the treatment of difficult-to-treat serious infections caused by MRSA. However, telavancin is associated a higher incidence of creatinine elevation and adverse-event related withdrawals.展开更多
In this study, we developed a novel liposomal delivery system modified by Tat peptide and wheat germ agglutinin（WGA） with antimicrobial effect. Physicochemical parameters, in vitro antimicrobial, time-kill study, ce...In this study, we developed a novel liposomal delivery system modified by Tat peptide and wheat germ agglutinin（WGA） with antimicrobial effect. Physicochemical parameters, in vitro antimicrobial, time-kill study, cellular uptake, biofilm formation inhibition and in vivo antibacterial efficacy against Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus（MRSA） were investigated. Minimum inhibitory concentrations（MICs） and colony-forming units（CFUs） in the time-kill study for Tat-WGA-modified liposomal clarithromycin（CLA-Tat WGALip） were lower than those of free and other modified liposomal CLA. Flow cytometry analysis disclosed that Tat WGALip delivered more coumarin 6 into bacteria. Furthermore, Tat-WGA-modified liposomal CLA efficiently inhibited the formation of MRSA biofiom. CFU of MRSA in the abscess of mice treated with CLA-Tat WGALip was significantly lower than that of any others（P〈0.01）. Collectively, liposomal delivery system modified by Tat and WGA could be a promising anti-resistant infection strategy.展开更多
基金Foundation items:National Basic Research Program of China(Grant No.2007CB 116306)Science and Technology Foundation of Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences(Grant No.RKY0726)National Nonproft Institute Research Grant of CATAS-ITBB(Grant No.ITBBZDO743).
文摘To analyze the constituents of essential oil from Chinese eaglewood [resinous wood of Aquilaria sinensis （Lour.） Gilg] and its anti-methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus （MRSA） activity. The essential oil was extracted by water-steam distillation and analyzed by GC/MS method. The relative contents of the compounds were determined by normalization. The compounds were characterized by NIST05 and WILEY275L database matching and comparison of their MS spectra with those of literature data. Antibacterial activity of the oil was assayed by the filter paper disc agar diffusion method. The oil showed significant antibacterial activity against MRSA. Sixty-six chromatographic peaks were detected, among them thirty compounds comprising 59.80% of the total essential oil were characterized. Twenty-six compounds comprising 54.26% of the oil were identified as sesquiterpenes. β-Agarofuran （8.96%）, kusunol （7.82%）, （-）-jinkoh-eremol （5.04%）, agarospirol （4.53%）, baimuxifuranic acid （4.09%） were the major sesquiterpenes. Four nor-sesquiterpenes and some other sesquiterpenes, such as 10-epi-γ-eudesmol, α-agarofuran, epi-ligulyl oxide, etc. were detected in Chinese eaglewood oil for the first time. This is the first report about anti-MRSA activity of Chinese eaglewood oil from A. sinensis.
基金Projects(50674029, 50874030) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2006AA06Z127) supported by the National High-tech Research and Development Program of ChinaProject(20060145015) supported by Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education, China
文摘The concentration and variational trend of As3 +and As 5+,the bacterial resistance for the As 3+and As 5+and converting conditions from As3 +to As 5+were analyzed.The additive was used to prompt the bacterial leaching efficiency by changing valence state of arsenic.The results show that the concentration of As 3+ is larger than that of As 5+ in the lag phase.The concentration of As 3+ decreases in the log phase,and is lower than that of As5 +.HQ-0211 typed bacteria express better resistance for As 3+and As 5+and remain growing when the concentrations of As3 +and As 5+are above 6.0 g/L and 12.0 g/L,respectively.It is found that Fe 3+cannot oxidize As3 +singly as strong oxidant in the leaching system,but can cooperate with pyrite or chalcopyrite to do that.The oxidation of As 3+ is prompted with addition of H2O2.The bacterial activity is improved in favor of bacterial leaching efficiency.NaClO restrains the bacterial growth to depress leaching efficiency because of the chloric compounds affecting bacterial activity.
文摘A novel strain of Micrococcus sp.DUT_AHX,which was isolated from the sludge of a nitrobenzene(NB)-manufacturing plant and could utilize NB as the sole carbon source,was identified on the basis of physiological and biochemical tests and 16S ribosomal DNA(rDNA)sequence analysis.It can grow at the temperature up to 40℃or in the presence of NaCl concentration up to 12 g/L in Luria-Bertani(LB)medium.The optimal degradation conditions are as follows:temperature 37℃,pH 7.0,and shaking speed 150 r/min.The strain involves a partial reductive pathway due to the release of ammonia and can also utilize 2-aminophenol as the sole carbon source.Furthermore,the enzyme activity tests show that crude extracts of NB-grown strain DUT_AHX mainly contain 2-aminophenol 1,6-dioxygenase activity.The exploitation of salt-tolerant bacteria will be a remarkable improvement in NB bioremediation and wastewater treatment at high salinity and high temperature.
文摘Background: The physiological and biochemical demands of intense exercise elicit both muscle-based and systemic responses. The main adaptations to endurance exercise include the correction of electrolyte imbalance, a decrease in glycogen storage and the increase of oxidative stress, intestinal permeability, muscle damage, and systemic inflammatory response. Adaptations to exercise might be influenced by the gut microbiota, which plays an important role in the production, storage, and expenditure of energy obtained from the diet as well as in inflammation,redox reactions, and hydration status.Methods: A systematic and comprehensive search of electronic databases, including MEDLINE, Scopus, Clinical Trials.gov, Science Direct,Springer Link, and EMBASE was done. The search process was completed using the keywords: "endurance", "exercise", "immune response","microbiota", "nutrition", and "probiotics".Results: Reviewed literature supports the hypothesis that intestinal microbiota might be able to provide a measureable, effective marker of an athlete's immune function and that microbial composition analysis might also be sensitive enough to detect exercise-induced stress and metabolic disorders. The review also supports the hypothesis that modifying the microbiota through the use of probiotics could be an important therapeutic tool to improve athletes' overall general health, performance, and energy availability while controlling inflammation and redox levels.Conclusion: The present review provides a comprehensive overview of how gut microbiota may have a key role in controlling the oxidative stress and inflammatory responses as well as improving metabolism and energy expenditure during intense exercise.
文摘The emergence and rapid spread of multidrug-resistant gram-positive bacteria has become a vital and serious medical problem. A literature search was conducted in Pub Med, EMBASE, and Elsevier databases to identify relevant publications. To calculate the risk ratios（RRs） with 95% confidential intervals（CIs）, a fixed- or random-effects model was applied based on the heterogeneity across studies. Five studies containing seven RCTs were included in this meta-analysis. Regarding c SSTIs, HAP, SAB, there was no statistically significant difference in the rate of clinical cure between telavancin and vancomycin or standard therapy in intention-to-treat population（ITT）（RR 1.01, 95% CI 0.97–1.05, P = 0.72; FEM） and clinically evaluable population（CE）（RR 1.01, 95% CI 0.98–1.04, P = 0.41; FEM）. However, telavancin was more effective than vancomycin or standard therapy in MRSA eradication rate（RR 1.08, 95% CI 1.02–1.14, P = 0.009; FEM）. Regarding the safety profile, no statistically significant differences were found in all-cause mortality（9.0% vs. 8.4%; RR 1.07, 95% CI 0.88–1.31, P = 0.49; FEM） and overall adverse events（77.0% vs. 72.3%; RR 1.08, 95% CI 0.98–1.20, P = 0.12; FEM） between telavancin and vancomycin or standard therapy. Pooled data from c SSTIs, HAP and SAB studies on telavancin indicated higher rates of adverse-event related withdrawals（7.7% vs. 5.4%; RR 1.43, 95% CI 1.12–1.83, P = 0.05; FEM） and creatinine elevation（10.0% vs. 5.1%; RR 1.95, 95% CI 1.53–2.48, P0.00001; FEM） than vancomycin or standard therapy. Telavancin and vancomycin or standard therapy are equally effective for the treatment of c SSTIs, HAP and SAB, and telavancin might be an option for the treatment of difficult-to-treat serious infections caused by MRSA. However, telavancin is associated a higher incidence of creatinine elevation and adverse-event related withdrawals.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.81202488)
文摘In this study, we developed a novel liposomal delivery system modified by Tat peptide and wheat germ agglutinin（WGA） with antimicrobial effect. Physicochemical parameters, in vitro antimicrobial, time-kill study, cellular uptake, biofilm formation inhibition and in vivo antibacterial efficacy against Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus（MRSA） were investigated. Minimum inhibitory concentrations（MICs） and colony-forming units（CFUs） in the time-kill study for Tat-WGA-modified liposomal clarithromycin（CLA-Tat WGALip） were lower than those of free and other modified liposomal CLA. Flow cytometry analysis disclosed that Tat WGALip delivered more coumarin 6 into bacteria. Furthermore, Tat-WGA-modified liposomal CLA efficiently inhibited the formation of MRSA biofiom. CFU of MRSA in the abscess of mice treated with CLA-Tat WGALip was significantly lower than that of any others（P〈0.01）. Collectively, liposomal delivery system modified by Tat and WGA could be a promising anti-resistant infection strategy.
