一种耐Cr(Ⅵ)微生物筛选新方法

六价铬(Cr(Ⅵ))是极具危害的环境污染物,利用微生物治理Cr(Ⅵ)污染是目前生物修复的热点之一,其中耐Cr(Ⅵ)微生物的筛选是关键。针对传统筛选方法培养基与Cr(Ⅵ)易相互作用的问题,文章提出先利用磷酸-Cr(Ⅵ)缓冲液浸泡筛选耐Cr(Ⅵ)微生物,然后在无Cr(Ⅵ)培养基上筛选的新方法(PCB法)。通过3种纯菌株进行筛选效果验证,并在尾矿土和草地土中与常规高温灭菌筛选(HS法)和过滤灭菌筛选法(FS法)进行筛选效果比较。纯菌株筛选结果表明,用含200 mg/L K2Cr2O7磷酸缓冲液(pH 7.4)浸泡微生物细胞2 h能有效筛选耐Cr(Ⅵ)菌株。土壤筛选实验表明,运用PCB法在尾矿土中获取菌落数为7.5×104CFU/g,与HS法相当,显著高于FS法;而在草地土中获取菌落数为1.8×104CFU/g,与FS法相当,显著低于HS法。HS法Cr(Ⅵ)在含200 mg/L K2Cr2O7的牛肉膏蛋白胨培养基中回收率仅为53.8%,这是HS法获取菌落数高的原因。FS法筛选过程中微生物与Cr(Ⅵ)接触时间长,超过了微生物细胞生长对Cr(Ⅵ)的耐受极限,可能是FS法获得菌落数少的原因。总体而言,PCB法有效避免了上述缺陷,具有快速,准确,菌落生长好的特点。

Heavy metal contamination, physico-chemical and microbial evaluation of water samples collected from chromite mine environment of Sukinda, India

Water samples from chromite mine quarry of Sukinda and its adjacent areas were analyzed for their heavy metal contamination along with physico-chemical and microbial contents. The chromite mine water samples possessed high concentrations of heavy metals in the order of Cr〉Fe〉Zn〉Ni〉Co〉Mn while ground water did not show any heavy metal contamination except Fe. Physico-chemical parameters of mine water samples showed deviation from those of normal water. Mine water harboured low microbial populations of bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes in comparison with mine adjacent water samples. The correlation of data between metals with physico-chemical parameters showed both positive and negative responses while that of metal and microbial population exhibited negative correlation. Bacterial strains isolated from chromite mine water exhibited high tolerance towards chromium and other heavy metals as well as antibiotics which could be used as an indicator of heavy metal pollution.