The dam of Three Gorges Project is characterized by large flood discharge capacity,more outlets,complicated flood discharge and energy dissipation structure,and the stability of the bank powerhouse dam foundation is e...The dam of Three Gorges Project is characterized by large flood discharge capacity,more outlets,complicated flood discharge and energy dissipation structure,and the stability of the bank powerhouse dam foundation is endangered by large gentle-dip structural plane of the bedrock due to the deep excavation of powerhouse at the dam-toe.For the dam body concrete,the durability requirement is high and the temperature control and crack prevention are difficult.The practical experience which could be used for reference in the design and construction of asphalt concrete core wall for Maopingxi protective earth-rock dam is scarce.The power station operates with high water head and large head variation.The type selection of penstock and intake as well as the embedding way of spiral case are complicated in technique,and the tailrace tunnel with sloping ceiling of underground power plant is arranged instead of traditional tailrace surge tank.For the double-line five-step ship-lock,the design of fully lined ship-lock,high head delivery system and large-sized miter gates and hoists is very challenging due to high operation head,complicated delivery conditions and building in deep excavated rock.The preferred solutions,optimal schemes and technical measures for various structures,as well as the innovation achievements proved by practice are highlighted.展开更多
One of the possible negative environmental effects of hydropower stations is the supersaturation of total dissolved gas (TDG) downstream of high-dams,which can lead to gas bubble disease or even death of fish. By taki...One of the possible negative environmental effects of hydropower stations is the supersaturation of total dissolved gas (TDG) downstream of high-dams,which can lead to gas bubble disease or even death of fish. By taking the TDG as the main study object,the paper launched the TDG field observations on Zipingpu,Three Gorges,Ertan,Manwan,Dachaoshan,Gongzui and Ertan dams in China. The factors affecting TDG generation and dissipation were explored. Energy dissipation structures,spill rates and operation patterns were the main factors causing TDG supersaturation. TDG saturations are essentially the same in the hydro-electric tail water and in the upper reaches,so hydro-electric tail water can be less TDG supersaturated through mixing downstream. The main factors affecting the dissipation process of the supersaturated TDG were tributary convergence,water depth and turbulence. TDG supersaturation was unevenly distributed in both the vertical and transverse directions. This study is important because it adds to the accumulating experience of TDG field observations of dam projects in China,and because it objectively and impartially evaluates the impacts of supersaturated TDG. The study also provides field data and references for future studies of TDG supersaturation caused by high-dams.展开更多
文摘The dam of Three Gorges Project is characterized by large flood discharge capacity,more outlets,complicated flood discharge and energy dissipation structure,and the stability of the bank powerhouse dam foundation is endangered by large gentle-dip structural plane of the bedrock due to the deep excavation of powerhouse at the dam-toe.For the dam body concrete,the durability requirement is high and the temperature control and crack prevention are difficult.The practical experience which could be used for reference in the design and construction of asphalt concrete core wall for Maopingxi protective earth-rock dam is scarce.The power station operates with high water head and large head variation.The type selection of penstock and intake as well as the embedding way of spiral case are complicated in technique,and the tailrace tunnel with sloping ceiling of underground power plant is arranged instead of traditional tailrace surge tank.For the double-line five-step ship-lock,the design of fully lined ship-lock,high head delivery system and large-sized miter gates and hoists is very challenging due to high operation head,complicated delivery conditions and building in deep excavated rock.The preferred solutions,optimal schemes and technical measures for various structures,as well as the innovation achievements proved by practice are highlighted.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.50979063)
文摘One of the possible negative environmental effects of hydropower stations is the supersaturation of total dissolved gas (TDG) downstream of high-dams,which can lead to gas bubble disease or even death of fish. By taking the TDG as the main study object,the paper launched the TDG field observations on Zipingpu,Three Gorges,Ertan,Manwan,Dachaoshan,Gongzui and Ertan dams in China. The factors affecting TDG generation and dissipation were explored. Energy dissipation structures,spill rates and operation patterns were the main factors causing TDG supersaturation. TDG saturations are essentially the same in the hydro-electric tail water and in the upper reaches,so hydro-electric tail water can be less TDG supersaturated through mixing downstream. The main factors affecting the dissipation process of the supersaturated TDG were tributary convergence,water depth and turbulence. TDG supersaturation was unevenly distributed in both the vertical and transverse directions. This study is important because it adds to the accumulating experience of TDG field observations of dam projects in China,and because it objectively and impartially evaluates the impacts of supersaturated TDG. The study also provides field data and references for future studies of TDG supersaturation caused by high-dams.
