求耦合表的简便方法

Ｃ．Ｃ．Ｗｕ提出了根据灵敏度计算耦合在的方法，但这种方法计算复杂，文中提出了一种直接由伪电路方程得出耦合表的简便方法。

无限大导体表面孔缝耦合电磁能量分析

为有效设计电子设备 ,有必要了解它的最坏电磁工作环境 ,知道有多少电磁场通过耦合进入系统。采用矩量法分析了任意平面波通过无限大平板上小孔耦合的电磁能量 ,计算了电磁波通过小孔耦合能量传输系数。

Large Scale Homogeneous Growth Mechanics of Microcrystalline Silicon Films on Rough Surface

Large scale homogenous growth of microcrystalline silicon （μ.c-Si：H） on cheap substrates by inductively coupled plasma （ICP） of Ar diluted Sill4 has been studied. From XRD and Raman spectrum, we find that substrates can greatly affect the crystalline orientation, and the μc-Si：H films are comprised of small particles. Thickness detection by surface profilometry shows that the thin μc-Si：H films are homogenous in large scale. Distributions of both ion density and electron temperature are found to be uniform in the vicinity of substrate by means of diagnosis of Langmuir probe. Based on these experimental results, it can be proposed that rough surfaces play important roles in the crystalline network formation and Ar can affect the reaction process and improve the characteristics of μc-Si：H films. Also, ICP reactor can deposit the thin film in large scale.

Application of a Coupled Land Surface-Hydrological Model to Flood Simulation in the Huaihe River Basin of China

A hydrological simulation in the Huaihe River Basin(HRB) was investigated using two different models: a coupled land surface hydrological model(CLHMS), and a large-scale hydrological model(LSX-HMS). The NCEP-NCAR reanalysis dataset and observed precipitation data were used as meteorological inputs. The simulation results from both models were compared in terms of flood processes forecasting during high flow periods in the summers of 2003 and 2007, and partial high flow periods in 2000. The comparison results showed that the simulated streamflow by CLHMS model agreed well with the observations with Nash-Sutcliffe coefficients larger than 0.76, in both periods of 2000 at Lutaizi and Bengbu stations in the HRB, while the skill of the LSX-HMS model was relatively poor. The simulation results for the high flow periods in 2003 and 2007 suggested that the CLHMS model can simulate both the peak time and intensity of the hydrological processes, while the LSX-HMS model provides a delayed flood peak. These results demonstrated the importance of considering the coupling between the land surface and hydrological module in achieving better predictions for hydrological processes, and CLHMS was proven to be a promising model for future applications in flood simulation and forecasting.

Seepage-stress coupling constitutive model of anisotropic soft rock

To provide a seepage-stress coupling constitutive model that can directly describe the seepage-stress coupling relationship, a series of one-dimensional seepage-stress coupling tests on two kinds of soft rock (argillaceous siltstone and brown mudstone) were performed by using an MTS-815.02 tri-axial rock mechanics test system, with which the stress-strain curves according to the seepage variation were obtained. Based on the experimental results and by employing Hooke's law, the formulation of the coefficient of strain-dependent permeability was presented and introduced to establish a coupling model. In addition, the mathematical expression and the incremental formulation for coupling model were advanced, in which five parameters that can be respectively determined by using the experimental results were included. The calculated results show that the proposed coupling model is capable of simulating the stress-strain relationship with considering the seepage-stress coupling in the nonlinear elastic stage of two kinds of soft rock.

A New Ocean Mixed-Layer Model Coupled into WRF

A new mesoscale air-sea coupled model (WRF- OMLM-Noh) was constructed based on the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model and an improved Mellor-Yamada ocean mixed-layer model from Noh and Kim (OMLM-Noh). Through off-line tests and a simulation of a real typhoon, the authors compared the performance of the WRF-OMLM-Noh with another existing ocean mixed-layer coupled model (WRF-OMLM-Pollard). In the off-line tests with Tropical Ocean Global Atmosphere Program's Coupled Ocean Atmosphere Response Experiment (TOGA-COARE) observational data, the results show that OMLM-Noh is better able to simulate sea surface temperature (SST) variational trends than OMLM -Pollard. Moreover, OMLM-Noh can sufficiently reproduce the diurnal cycle of SST. Regarding the typhoon case study, SST cooling due to wind-driven ocean mixing is underestimated in WRF-OMLM-Pollard, which artificially increases the intensity of the typhoon due to more simulated air-sea heat fluxes. Compared to the WRF- OMLM-Pollard, the performance of WRF-OMLM-Noh is superior in terms of both the spatial distribution and temporal variation of SST and air-sea heat fluxes.

Interannual variability of the sea surface salinity and its related freshwater flux in the tropical Pacific:A comparison of CMIP5 and CMIP6

This paper assesses the interannual variabilities of simulated sea surface salinity(SSS)and freshwater flux(FWF)in the tropical Pacific from phases 5 and 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project(CMIP5 and CMIP6).The authors focus on comparing the simulated SSS and FWF responses to El Nino–Southern Oscillation(ENSO)from two generations of models developed by the same group.The results show that CMIP5 and CMIP6 models can perform well in simulating the spatial distributions of the SSS and FWF responses associated with ENSO,as well as their relationship.It is found that most CMIP6 models have improved in simulating the geographical distribution of the SSS and FWF interannual variability in the tropical Pacific compared to CMIP5 models.In particular,CMIP6 models have corrected the underestimation of the spatial relationship of the FWF and SSS variability with ENSO in the central-western Pacific.In addition,CMIP6 models outperform CMIP5 models in simulating the FWF interannual variability(spatial distribution and intensity)in the tropical Pacific.However,as a whole,CMIP6 models do not show improved skill scores for SSS interannual variability,which is due to their overestimation of the intensity in some models.Large uncertainties exist in simulating the interannual variability of SSS among CMIP5 and CMIP6 models and some improvements with respect to physical processes are needed.

Density matrix of two interacting particles with kinetic coupling derived in bipartite entangled state representation

A density matrix is usually obtained by solving the Bloch equation, however only a few Hamiltonians＇ density matrices can be analytically derived. The density matrix for two interacting particles with kinetic coupling is hard to derive by the usual method due to this coupling; this paper solves this problem by using the bipartite entangled state representation.

Application of Tripartite Entangled State Representation in Solving the Dynamics of a Kind of Three Coupled Oscillators

We study the eigenstate problem of a kind of three coupled oscillators in anew quantum mechanical representation composed by the spontaneous eigenvectors 【 p,q_2,q_3| forthree operators (p_1 + p_2 + p_3), (x_3 - x_2), and (x_3 - x_1). The eigenvalues and eigenvectors ofthe Hamiltonian are obtained. With the same method, the eigenstate problem of a generalizedthree-coupled oscillator Hamiltonian is studied, which has never been studied before.

Characterization and Catalytic Properties of Al-MCM-41 Mesoporous Materials Grafted with Tributyltin Chloride

Surface organometallic chemistry (SOMC) is a recently developing research field. It is of great significance for the quantitative modification, restoration of solid surface, identification of the physical and chemical nature of surface and the preparation of new catalyst. The production of R 3 Sn-O-MCM-41 (R 3 SnM) was obtained by heating tributyltin chloride and Al-MCM-41 mixture at 170 °C for 5 h under stirring in nitrogen atmosphere. The composition, structure and surface physical and chemical properties of the samples were characterized by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), 13 C, 119 Sn, 29 Si and 27 Al solid state NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) spectra, in-situ pyridine infrared spectroscopy (Py-IR), N 2 adsorption-desorption, X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), etc. The results of ICP and organic elemental analysis shows that the grafting yield w Sn was 6.46% for R 3 SnM. H 0 (the negative logarithm of the acid concentration)and the number of acid sites for R 3 SnM respectively were 2.77-0.99 and 4.8 mmol·g-1 by the Hammett method. N 2 adsorption-desorption, XRD, TEM analysis showed that R 3 SnM with ordered hexagonal mesopore structure, resulted in the decease of surface areas and pore size as well as the increase of mesoporous volume and surface acidity, as compared to Al-MCM-41. R 3 SnM was used in the synthesis of isoamyl acetate. The yield of isoamyl acetate was 96% when n(isoamyl alcohol)︰n(acetic acid) 1.0︰1.0, 3 R SnM w 5%, 138 °C for 5 h. The catalyst can be reused and the yield of 86% can be attained when catalyst was reused five times at the same catalytic conditions.

Study on Surface Modification of Glass Bead by a Block Copolymer Coupling Agent

A tri-block copolymer coupling agent polystyreneblock-poly （n-butyl-acrylate）-block-poly （y-methacryloxypro pylt rimethoxysilane）（PS-b-PnBA-b-PMPS） was synthesized by atom transfer radical polymerization （ATRP）, and its molecular structure was characterized by fourier-transform infrared spectra, hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance and gel permeation chromatography. The glass bead was treated with the block copolymer coupling agent, and then studied by transmission electron microscopy. The result showed that strong interaction was formed between the block copolymer coupling agent and the surface of glass bead, and then the block of poly（n-butylacrylate） formed a layer of film on the surface.

Formulation of Green's Function in Solving Schroedinger Equation forBipartite System with Kinetic Coupling Gained by Virtue of Entangled States

Using the entangled state representation we present a formulation of Green'sfunction in solving Schrodinger equation for bipartite system with kinetic coupling.

A New Method for Predicting the Decadal Component of Global SST

A simple approach that considers both internal decadal variability and the effect of anthropogenic forcing is developed to predict the decadal components of global sea surface temperatures (SSTs) for the three decades 2011-2040. The internal decadal component is derived by harmonic wave expansion analyses based on the quasiperiodic evolution of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) and the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO), as obtained from observational SST datasets. Furthermore, the external decadal component induced by anthropogenic forcing is assessed with a second-order fit based on the ensemble of projected SSTs in the experiments with multiple coupled climate models associated with the third Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP3) under the Intergovernmental Panels on Climate Change (IPCC) Special Reports on Emissions Scenario (SRES) A1B. A validation for the years from 2002 to 2010 based on a comparison of the predicted and the observed SST and their spatial correlation, as well as the root mean square error (RMSE), suggests that the approach is reasonable overall. In addition, the predicted results over the 50°S-50°N global band, the Indian Ocean, the western Pacific Ocean, the tropical eastern Pacific Ocean, and the North and the South Atlantic Ocean are presented.

Use of Spreadsheets as an Introductory Tool for Solving Fluid-Structure Interaction Problem

A simple and intuitive manner for solving fluid-structure interaction problem has been developed using Microsoft Excel spreadsheets. By eliminating the need of previous knowledge of any programming language, the method appears as an interesting introduction to numerical solutions of partial differential equations, due to the direct and didactic way that it is developed. Proposed procedure enables the analysis of tridimensional geometries using the finite difference method and can be extended to other differential equations or boundary conditions. The author＇s objective in this paper is to develop a simple and reliable preliminary method for solving acoustic fluid-structure interaction problems with application to dam-reservoir interaction phenomena and also contribute in the educational growth for undergraduate students that are beginning research in such matter.

Solutions of the Schrdinger Equation for PT-Symmetric Coupled Quintic Potentials in Two Dimensions

This paper deals with the solutions of time independent Schrodinger wave equation for a two-dimensional PT-symmetric coupled quintic potential in its most general form. Employing wavefunction ansatz method, general analytic expressions for eigenvalues and eigenfunctions for first four states are obtained. Solutions of a particular case are also presented.

Representation of the Arctic Oscillation in the CMIP5 Models

The temporal variability and spatial pattern of the Arctic Oscillation(AO)simulated in the historical experiment of26 coupled climate models participating in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5(CMIP5)are evaluated.Spectral analysis of the monthly AO index indicates that 23 out of the 26 CMIP5 models exhibit no statistically significant spectral peak in the historical experiment,as seen in the observations.These models are able to reproduce the AO pattern in the sea level pressure anomaly field during boreal winter,but the intensity of the AO pattern tends to be overestimated in all the models.The zonal-mean zonal wind anomalies associated with the AO is dominated by a meridional dipole in the mid-high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere during boreal winter,which is well reproduced by only a few models.Most models show significant biases in both strength and location of the dipole compared to the observation.In considering the temporal variability as well as spatial structures in both horizontal and vertical directions,the MPI-ESM-P model reproduces an AO pattern that resembles the observation the best.

Relationships of Interannual Variability Between the Equatorial Pacific and Tropical Indian Ocean in 17 CMIP5 Models

Seventeen coupled general circulation models from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 （CMIP5） are employed to assess the relationships of interannual variations of sea surface temperature （SST） between the tropical Pacific （TP） and tropical Indian Ocean （TIO）. The eastern/central equatorial Pacific features the strongest SST interannual variability in the models except for the model CSIRO-Mk3-6-0, and the simulated maximum and minimum are produced by models GFDL-ESM2M and GISS-E2-H respectively. However, It remains a challenge for these models to simulate the correct climate mean SST with the warm pool-cold tongue structure in the equatorial Pacific. Almost all models reproduce E1 Nifio-Southem Oscillation （ENSO）, Indian Ocean Dipole mode （IOD） and Indian Ocean Basin-wide mode （lOB） together with their seasonal phase lock features being simulated; but the relationship between the ENSO and IOD is different for different models. Consistent with the observation, an Indian Ocean basin-wide warming （cooling） takes place over the tropical Indian Ocean in the spring following an E1 Nifio （La Nifia） in almost all the models. In some models （e.g., GFDL-ESM2G and MIROC5）, positive ENSO and IOB events are stronger than the negative events as shown in the observation. However, this asymmetry is reversed in some other models （e.g., HadGEM2-CC and HadGEM2-ES）.

Experimental Study on the Surface Modification of Ultra Thin DLC Films

Surface modification of Diamond-like carbon (DLC) films was carried out in order to estimate the reliability of the ultra thin DLC films. The wear resistance, conductivity and mechatronic reliability of the films were studied by contact atomic force microscope (AFM), electric force microscope (EFM) and conductive AFM. The failure mechanism of pits formed and the reason for conductivity changed of DLC films were examined.

Improvement of surface hydrophobicity on silicone rubber modified by CF_4 radio frequency capacitively coupled plasma

In order to improve the surface hydrophobicity, silicone rubber （SIR） samples were exposed to CF4 radio frequency （RF） capacitively coupled plasma （CCP）. Attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared （ATR-FTIR） spectrum and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS） were used to observe the variation of the functional groups of the modified SIR. Static contact angle （SCA） was employed to estimate the change of hydrophobicity of the modified SIR. The surface energy of SIR is reduced largely from 27.37 mJ/m^2 of original SIR sample to 2.94 mJ/m^2 of SIR sample treated by CF4 CCP modification at RF power of 200 W for a treatment time of 5 rnin. According to the XPS, ATR-FTIR and surface energy analysis, it is suggested that the improvement of hydrophobicity on the modified SIR surface is mainly ascribed to the decrease of surface energy, which is caused by the cooperation of the fluosilicic structure of Si--F or Si--F2 and the fluoric groups of C--CFn induced by the methyl replacement reaction and residual methyl groups of SIR surface.

Synthesis, characterization of triphenyltin grafted on SBA-15mesoporous silica and its catalytic performance for the synthesis of 4-methylacetophenone

The production of Ph3Sn–O–SBA-15(Ph3Sn SBA)was achieved by heating triphenyltin chloride and SBA-15in N-methylpyrrolidone at 190°C for 5 h using triethylamine as a catalyst.The composition,structure,and surface physical and chemical properties of Ph3Sn SBA were characterized using inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy(ICP-AES),13C,119Sn and29Si solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)spectroscopy in situ pyridine infrared spectroscopy(Py-IR),N2adsorption–desorption isotherms,X-ray diffraction(XRD)and transmission electron microscopy(TEM).The results of ICP-AES and organic elemental analysis showed that the grafting yield of Sn was 17%(by mass)for Ph3Sn SBA.The elemental analysis and solid-state NMR results for Ph3Sn SBA were consistent with grafting of triphenyltin on SBA-15.The N2adsorption–desorption,XRD and TEM analyses showed that Ph3Sn SBA retained an ordered hexagonal mesoporous structure,resulting in decreases in the surface area,pore size and mesopore volume,and an increase in acidity as compared with SBA-15.The Hammett acidity function(H0)value and the number of acid sites for Ph3Sn SBA,obtained by the Hammett methods,were 2.77–3.30 and 2.07 mmol·g-1,respectively.The Friedel–Crafts acylation of toluene and acetic anhydride over Ph3Sn SBA was investigated.The yield of methylacetophenone(MAP)and the selectivity for 4-methylacetophenone(PMAP)were 79.56%and 97.12%,respectively,when the conditions were n(toluene):n(anhydride)=2.0:1.0 with 6%(by mass)catalyst,and heating under reflux for 5 h.The PMAP selectivity still reached 93.11%when Ph3Sn SBA was used for the fifth time under the same reaction conditions.