六维力/力矩传感器静态解耦算法的研究与应用

维间耦合是影响多维力/力矩传感器测量精度的一个主要因素。介绍了六维力/力矩传感器维间耦合的基本原理,在研究基于求解矩阵广义逆的静态解耦算法的基础上,提出了基于耦合误差建模的静态解耦算法。以实验室研制的六维力/力矩传感器为例进行标定实验,用两种解耦算法对其进行解耦计算。实验结果证明基于耦合误差建模的静态解耦算法的有效性。

关节式同步带减速机械臂精度分析与优化研究

针对关节式同步带减速机械臂精度可靠性差、制造成本高等问题,对机械臂误差建模、精度可靠性分析、精度优化设计进行了研究。利用柔性多体理论,建立了考虑机械臂杆长、关节间隙和同步带柔性耦合等因素的精度误差模型,利用实验手段获得了模型不确定性参数,利用所建立的可靠性模型应用一阶二次矩法进行了可靠性分析;对比了计算可靠度和实测可靠度验证模型准确性,开展了以灵敏度分析为基础的可靠性优化过程,建立了以制造成本最低为优化目标,满足精度可靠度要求为约束的优化模型;利用Matlab中遗传算法工具箱进行了机械臂精度优化设计。研究结果表明:未优化前X轴和Y轴可靠度基于模型计算和实验测试的相对误差为0. 16%和0. 32%,大臂和小臂加速度为主要误差因素;经优化后X、Y轴可靠度分别提高到了99. 71%和99. 78%,且与经验设计相比,制造成本降低27. 92%,为关节式同步带减速机械臂设计制造提供了理论依据。

N-PD cross-coupling synchronization control based on adjacent coupling error analysis

In order to improve the trajectory tracking precision and reduce the synchronization error of a 6-DOF lightweight robot, nonlinear proportion-deviation （N-PD） cross-coupling synchronization control strategy based on adjacent coupling error analysis is presented. The mathematical models of the robot, including kinematic model, dynamic model and spline trajectory planing, are established and verified. Since it is difficult to describe the real-time contour error of the robot for complex trajectory, the adjacent coupling error is analyzed to solve the problem. Combined with nonlinear control and coupling performance of the robot, N-PD cross-coupling synchronization controller is designed and validated by simulation analysis. A servo control experimental system which mainly consists of laser tracking system, the robot mechanical system and EtherCAT based servo control system is constructed. The synchronization error is significantly decreased and the maximum trajectory error is reduced from 0.33 mm to 0.1 mm. The effectiveness of the control algorithm is validated by the experimental results, thus the control strategy can improve the robot＇s trajectory tracking precision significantly.

Contouring error modeling and simulation of a four-axis motion control system

A layered modeling method is proposed to resolve the problems resulting from the complexity of the error model of a multi-axis motion control system. In this model, a low level layer can be used as a virtual axis by the high level layer. The first advantage of this model is that the complex error model of a four-axis motion control system can be divided into several simple layers and each layer has different coupling strength to match the real control system. The second advantage lies in the fact that the controller in each layer can be designed specifically for a certain purpose. In this research, a three-layered cross coupling scheme in a four-axis motion control system is proposed to compensate the contouring error of the motion control system. Simulation results show that the maximum contouring error is reduced from 0.208 mm to 0.022 mm and the integration of absolute error is reduced from 0.108 mm to 0.015 mm, which are respectively better than 0.027 mm and 0.037 mm by the traditional method. And in the bottom layer the proposed method also has remarkable ability to achieve high contouring accuracy.

基于迁移学习的铣削机器人定位误差补偿方法

空间网格补偿法是提高机器人定位误差的有效方法之一,然而由于所需采样位姿多导致误差测量环节非常耗时,为提高机器人定位误差补偿效率,提出了一种机理分析与数据驱动的铣削机器人定位误差补偿方法,基于迁移学习来预测机器人工作空间内不同区域的定位误差。首先建立机器人刚柔耦合误差模型,研究立方体与柱体工作空间内不同区域的误差分布特性;之后,考虑误差区域相似性将机器人工作空间分为源域空间与目标域空间,在源域空间基于分级采样策略将完备的机器人采样位姿及误差测量数据作为源域数据,对于目标域空间只需要将少量的采样位姿及误差数据作为目标域数据,源域数据与目标域数据均用于训练高斯过程回归模型,通过基于加权拟合误差的子空间对齐和自适应权重迭代方法提升迁移学习模型预测精度,根据指定机器人位姿参数预测并补偿机器人定位误差;最后,使用KR160铣削机器人系统进行了误差补偿试验以验证该方法的可行性和有效性,试验结果表明,经过补偿后机器人定位误差1.499 mm降低到0.182 mm,所需机器人采样位姿数目减少了70%,使用铣削机器人加工法兰孔,其轮廓误差和位置误差达到0.269 mm和0.331 mm,该方法可以提高补偿效率和机器人定位精度。