自体肋软骨与Medpor耳基复合耳廓支架一期全耳廓再造11例

目的：耳支架的选择对于成功塑造一个外形逼真,与健耳对称匹配,不易吸收的再造耳具有相当关键的作用。观察自体肋软骨与Medpor耳基复合耳廓支架行全耳廓再造术的临床效果。方法：①试验对象：选择2006-01/2007-01在上海交通大学医学院附属第九人民医院耳鼻咽喉科就诊的先天性小耳畸形11例,术前签定手术知情同意书及医疗植入物知情同意书。②主要材料：Medpor耳基支架由美国PARK大学Porex外科医疗公司生产。③试验方法：取自体第九肋软骨作为耳轮,Medpor耳基复合支架植入,覆盖颞筋膜瓣和游离皮片一期完成全耳廓再造术。④试验评估：于术后2周,3个月,6个月,12个月随访,观察再造耳廓的成活情况及形态。结果：11例患者再造耳均成活,术后随访6~18个月,无一例支架外露。未出现排异,过敏及其他不良反应。10例再造耳廓形态逼真,质感柔韧,立体感强,颅耳角与健耳对称。有1例因为瘢痕体质导致术后瘢痕增生,耳廓形态不佳。结论：采用自体肋软骨＋Medpor耳基复合耳廓支架行全耳廓再造术,既弥补了单纯用Medpor支架植入质地偏硬,易外露的缺点,又解决了肋软骨耳支架远期易吸收变形和手术创伤大的缺点,是目前较为理想的全耳廓再造支架。

循环输送银耳削耳基生产线的设计

针对银耳削耳基现有工艺,设计了一种实现循环输送的削耳基线,并对关键部位结构进行理论分析,样机在银耳生产现场运行作业,取得良好的效果,作为连接银耳摊晾和银耳清洗这一环节的机械化改造,与传统的银耳削耳基方式相比,具有便捷、卫生、效率高、计数准等优点,对实现银耳不落地生产的机械化自动化改造具有重大意义。

代用料栽培黑木耳催芽处理方法的研究

以黑木耳菌株2009作试验菌株,选用木屑培养基作试验材料,在同一黑木耳栽培菌培养室采用6种不同的催芽方法,研究了催芽处理方法与耳基分化率、污染率和产量之间的关系。结果表明:以覆塑料膜加盖草帘子,每天通风换气2次这种方法最好。耳基分化率可达100%,污染率低,产量高,通过控制温度可有效防止绿色木霉和其它霉菌的发生,为黑木耳栽培奠定了理论基础。

房颤患者左心耳功能评估和血栓识别超声学进展

房颤患者由于心房电活动不同步，导致心房收缩杂乱无章。左心耳（LAA）是心房的一个壁薄有盲端的袋状结构，很容易受心房异常收缩的影响形成血栓和导致动脉栓塞，其中缺血性卒中最为严重。LAA是房颤患者最常见心源性血栓的来源。在某些情况下LAA很容易形成血栓，而高出血风险则要求选择非侵入性治疗，此时，可以通过二维超声或三维超声成像来检测LAA血栓。

选用黑木耳菌种七注意

1．注意看外观。看菌瓶标签与黑木耳菌种是否相符，以防错购；培养时间应在两个月以内，从接种日起算，菌龄应在30～40天为宜；看瓶壁有无破裂或棉塞脱落等。

怎样选用黑木耳菌种

1.看外观。看菌瓶标签与黑木耳菌种是否相符,以防错购。培养时间应在两个月以内,从接种日算,菌龄应在30—40天为宜,同时看瓶塞壁有无破裂或棉塞脱落等现象。2.看菌丝。菌丝洁白纯度高,绒毛粗壮、短密齐的为优质菌种。如有绿、黄、红、青、灰色菌丝,则为已感染杂菌的菌种,需淘汰。

Effect of ALA-PDT on the expressions of MMP-9, MMP-13 and TIMP-1 of hypertrophic scar model in rabbit ears

Objective: To investigate the effect of 5-aminolevulinic(ALA)-photodynamic therapy(PDT) on the expressions of MMP-9, MMP-13 and TIMP-1 of hypertrophic scar model in rabbit ears, and analyze the possible therapeutic mechanisms of ALA-PDT treatment to hypertrophic scars of rabbit ears. Methods: The experimental animals were randomly divided into normal control, negative control, high concentration of ALA-PDT, low concentration of ALA-PDT and PDT groups. The latter three groups received ALA-PDT treatment or PDT treatment once a week for 3 weeks. The specimens of the rabbits were collected respectively 1, 2 and 3 months after treatment to be used for RT-PCR and Western-blot test. Results: 1, 2 and 3 months after PDT treatment, the expressions of MMP-9 and MMP-13(including mRNA and protein) in hypertrophic scar tissues of three treatment groups were significantly higher than those of the negative control group(P<0.01), and the expression of TIMP-1 mRNA and protein of three treatment groups were significantly lower than that of the negative control group(P<0.01). There were also significant differences between high-concentration ALA-PDT treatment group and the low one(P<0.05). Conclusion: ALA-PDT is effective in treating hypertrophic scars of rabbit ears, and its possible therapeutic mechanisms are that ALA-PDT treatment generates oxidation activation effect to activate the activity of MMPs and induces the photoaging of fibroblasts of hypertrophic scar tissues of rabbit ears to inhibit the activity of TIMPs, which causes the up-regulation of MMPs and the down-regulation of TIMPs. Because of this, the degradation of collagen and ECM is accelerated and the formation of scars is suppressed.

Analysis of Cultural Tourism Motivation： The Case of Turkish Students

The objective of this study is to understand the underlying dimensions of motivation for attending the cultural tourism among the students, and if motivation will show variation with respect to the socio-demographic composition of the students. Data were collected by the way of a self-administered questionnaire with the study sample comprising students from bachelor degree programs. The results of the study offer an important view regarding the motivation for attending cultural tourism among Turkish students. The paper ends with both practical implications for the cultural tourism organizers and some theoretical contribution to the research of cultural tourism.

Distribution of hepatitis B virus genotypes in patients with chronic hepatitis B in Turkey

AIM: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) strains isolated worldwide has been classified into eight genomic groups deduced from genome comparisons and designated as genotypes A to H. We aimed to investigate prevalence of HBV genotypes and subtypes in Turkey.METHODS: A total of 88 chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients from 15 hospitals throughout the country were included.Patients who were HBsAg positive in serum at least for 6 mo, who had HBV-DNA in serum and elevation of ALT levels more than two times upper limit of normal, and who had percutaneous liver biopsy within 6 mo were included. Genotyping of HBV was done by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). The patients received subcutaneous 9 MU interferon-α 2a thrice a week for a period of 6 mo.RESULTS: Genotype D was detected in 78 of 88 (88.7%)patients, however, genotyping failed in two patients (2.3%),while no product was obtained in eight (9.0%) patients.Regarding subtypes, D2 was more prevalent (67 patients between 78% and 85.9%) followed by subtype D2+deletion (seven patients of 78 or 8.9%), subtype D1 (three patients of 78% or 3.9%) and subtype D3 (one patient of 78% or 1.3%). Thirty-three patients (37.5%) were HBeAg positive compared to 55 (62.5%) anti-HBe positive patients. The endpoint for the viral response of HBeAg positive patients was 27.2%, while it was found 52.7% in HBeAg negative patients (P＜0.05). Long-term persistent viral response was 29.5% for all patients.CONCLUSION: This multi-center study indicates that the predominant genotype with CHB patients in Turkey like in other Mediterranean countries is genotype D.

Age, Growth and Distribution of the Antarctic Fish Pseudochaenichthys georgianus Based on Otolith Morphometry

The Ps. georgianus （Pseudochaenichthys georgianus） were sampled in the summer between 1979 and 2009 at South Georgia Island, and at South Shetland Island. The otoliths ofPs. georgianus contained microincrements similar to daily increments in the otoliths of fishes from temperate and tropical waters. The estimated age from microincrements was similar to that inferred from the body length distribution and otoliths mass： age （years） = 81.98 × Otolith Mass （g） - 0.483. Ps. georgianus like all Channichthyidae due to their adoption to cold water, attain rapidly large body in accordance with the parameters of the von Bertalanffy growth equation： L∞ （asymptotic length） = 66.1 cm; K （constant related to coefficient of catabolism） = 0.28; to （age of the fish at initial length） = 0.008 year; L0 （length of the fish at initial age） = 0.15 cm. That fast growth rate （despite the difference in hatching periods between regions at South Georgia Island, and at South Shetland Island） were not changed, confirming, that it is established to cold water by natural selection. Changes of the microincrements growth pattern are described that appear to be related to larval, hatching and metamorphosis, and have similar pattern to those ones previewed in C. aceratus （Chaenocephalus aceratus） and C. gunnarii （Champsocephalus gunnarii）. Larvaes and postlarvaes of that species have similar habitats during early life history, which is reflected in similar otoliths morphology. Width of their daily increments is： 0.0018-0.0028 mm for Ps. georgianus, 0.0015-0.0024 mm for C. gunnarii and 0.001-0.0016 mm for C. aceratus. The age and developments periods of South Georgia＇s icefish （common name and the abbreviation = SGI for Ps. georgianus as this species was found only there in the past） estimated from otolith was validated by their different geographical distribution depending on the currents and the presence of their food-krill in them. Postlarvae and early juvenile stages were concentrated at the south-western side of the island shelves deeper than 200 m, where currents are weaker in comparison to surface and where juvenes and small krill prevail. Older and mature fish, over 3 or 4 years old, were numerous on the north-eastern side of the islands shelves in regions of strong vortices that concentrate krill to high densities. As life in the currents needs greater ability to swimming as a large, mature and 4 years old fish had increased their ability to swim up to 4 times growing and developing from inshore larvae. During that, their otoliths become more flattened （up to 3 times） and elongated for better fulfil its functions in the higher swimming speed. However, similar species C. aceratus and C. gunnari have more flattened and elongated otoliths than Ps. georgianus and have larger geographical occurrence from Palmer Archipelago to Kerguelen. The least elongated means the highest otolith, which reflects the highest body of Ps. georgianus, which help this species to stay on the shelf during swimming. High body gives less drifting during swimming in the currents. Evolution of otolith shape is linked with a body shape to decrease resistance and achieve high speed of swimming. During development, Ps. georgianus use different currents and countercurrents to catch different krill stages. System of current is natural environment of life ofPs. georgianus.

Evaluating the Performance of Investment Funds in Turkey

It is important to determine the most appropriate levels of risk and return for small investors. For that purpose, the investment funds are very important tools to create a portfolio for small investors, to deploy the potential risks in optimal proportions, and to direct investors. In this study, the performance of 83 pieces of investment funds will be evaluated which are treated in Turkey dates from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2012 with performance evaluation methods such as Sharpe, Modigliani （M2） that is based on the standard deviation, and Treynor, T2, Jensen that is based on systematic risk （beta）, and the highest and lowest performance investment funds will be presented. The aim of the study is to examine the success of the investment fund managers whether they could estimate the course of the market well or not regarding time period. The empirical results show that the investors who invest on the funds that have negative risk premium by investing in the investment funds getting under the risk cannot get more excess return than getting the return from the risk-free interest rate as treasury bills. The result implies that it could be said that the systematic and total risks of all investment funds are low and they are not sensitive to the developments in the market, and thus, regarding funds could be called as conservative funds.

Deafness genes for nonsyndromic hearing loss and current studies in China

Objectives To review the identified deafness genes related to nonsyndromic hearing loss (NSHL) and summarize their expressions and functions in the cochlea and to introduce the current studies of molecular genetics on NSHL in China Methods The presented data are based on a review of the literature as well as the author's experience with NSHL and communications with other researchers in China over the past 3 years Results Currently, 23 deafness genes related to NSHL have been cloned and identified Some genes are associated with both NSHL and syndromic hearing loss (SHL), in both dominant and recessive deafness Deafness genes have a highly specific expression pattern in the inner ear Some functional categories are starting to emerge from a characterization of deafness genes There are interacting genes in the genetic background that influence the extent of hearing impairment The GJB3 gene, which is associated with high frequency hearing impairment, was cloned in a Chinese laboratory Mutations in some genes, such as GJB2 and mitochondrial 12S rRNA, have been screened in Chinese patients with NSHL Mapping new deafness gene loci as well as identifying new genes and their functions is an active area of study in China Conclusions It is challenging for us to continue identifying new deafness genes and analyze gene functions By identifying genes responsible for monogenic hearing impairment, more insight may be gained into the molecular process of hearing and the pathology of hearing loss

Deletions are easy detectable in cochlear mitochondrial DNA of Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase gene knockout mice

Abstract Objectives To investigate the tissue specificity of reactive oxygen species (ROS) damage to mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and to determine whether cochlear mtDNA is a sensitive target for ROS damage. Methods 10 Cu/ZnSOD gene (Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase gene, Sod1) knockout mice and 16 wild-type mice were analyzed by nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR).Results Three deletions were detected in various tissues of Sod1 knockout mice. MtDNA3867bp and mtDNA3726bp deletions were the most visible, and mtDNA4236bp deletion was barely detected in these tissues. There were obvious differences in the ratio of deleted mtDNA/total mtDNA in different tissue. Deleted mtDNA was most abundant in the liver and kidney and less in cochlea, heart and brain. The lowest was in spleen and skin. The ratio in various tissues was 3-20 times in Sod1 knockout mice over wild-type mice. In cochlea, the ratio was about 15. Conclusions Without the protection of Sod1, ROS can lead to mtDNA deletions in various tissues with significant tissue specificity. Cochlear mtDNA is a sensitive target for ROS damage.

Giant magnetoimpedance effect in stress-joule-heated Co-based amorphous ribbons

Co-based Co63Fe4B22.4Si5.6Nb5 amorphous ribbons with a width of 150 μm and a thickness of 50 μm were prepared by single-roller melt-spinning process.The giant magneto-impedance(GMI) effect of the stress-joule-heated ribbons under applied tensile stress ranging from 37 to 148 MPa was investigated.Experimental results show that the spectra of GMI ratio vs.external direct current(dc) field(Hex) of the samples changes dramatically with annealing tension() and driving frequency.The single-peak(SP) GMI curve with maximum GMI ratio of 260% and magnetic field sensitivity of 52%/Oe was obtained in the sample applied tensile stress of 74 MPa at frequency of 3.6 MHz.A three-peak behaviour appeared in the samples under σ of 111 and 148 MPa.The uncommon three-peak behaviour was attributed to several factors,which effectively originated from the balance between domain-wall movement and magnetization rotation.