Understanding coal mine rib behavior is important for inferring pillar loading conditions as well as ensuring the safety of miners who are regularly exposed to ribs. Due to the variability in the geometry of undergrou...Understanding coal mine rib behavior is important for inferring pillar loading conditions as well as ensuring the safety of miners who are regularly exposed to ribs. Due to the variability in the geometry of underground openings and ground behavior, point measurements often fail to capture the true movement of mine workings. Photogrammetry is a potentially fast, cheap, and precise supplemental measurement tool in comparison to extensometers, tape measures, or laser range meters, but its application in underground coal has been limited. The practical use of photogrammetry was tested at the Safety Research Coal Mine, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health(NIOSH). A commercially available, digital single-lens reflex(DSLR) camera was used to perform the photogrammetric surveys for the experiment. Several experiments were performed using different lighting conditions, distances to subject,camera settings, and photograph overlaps, with results summarized as follows: the lighting method was found to be insignificant if the scene was appropriately illuminated. It was found that the distance to the subject has a minimal impact on result accuracy, and that camera settings have a significant impact on the photogrammetric quality of images. An increasing photograph resolution was preferable when measuring plane orientations; otherwise a high point cloud density would likely be excessive. Focal ratio(F-stop) changes affect the depth of field and image quality in situations where multiple angles are necessary to survey cleat orientations. Photograph overlap is very important to proper three-dimensional reconstruction, and at least 60% overlap between photograph pairs is ideal to avoid unnecessary post-processing. The suggestions and guidelines proposed are designed to increase the quality of photogrammetry inputs and outputs as well as minimize processing time, and serve as a starting point for an underground coal photogrammetry study.展开更多
This paper aims to develop a novel knowledge management framework for improving the system of pro-safety attitudes among young worker population in Poland. This is done through an efficient use of existing sources of ...This paper aims to develop a novel knowledge management framework for improving the system of pro-safety attitudes among young worker population in Poland. This is done through an efficient use of existing sources of explicit and tacit knowledge in the field of vocational occupational safety and health （OSH） training. This project identifies three specific research steps for the development of the knowledge management framework of the information technology-based approach for improving occupational safety training of young workers, including： （1） the development of the conceptual model of the flow of explicit knowledge of OSH; （2） evaluation of the effectiveness of formal and explicit knowledge sources for OSH and training methods using these sources in the context of attitudes towards health and safety at work; and （3） verification of the proposed model of vocational training with the use of combined explicit and hidden knowledge. The proposed framework includes consideration of the effectiveness of the formal and informal sources of safety knowledge. A mapping from the formal sources of explicit knowledge about the occupational safety to expected attitudes （hidden knowledge） towards OSH outcomes, including emotional, cognitive, and behavioral aspects has been used. The above framework should help to improve the system of vocational training for young workers in Poland.展开更多
HIPS （High Integrity Protection System） is a really important system to protect the fractionation column from overpressure and to protect any atmospheric pollution from flare stack, scrubber and VCU （vapor combusti...HIPS （High Integrity Protection System） is a really important system to protect the fractionation column from overpressure and to protect any atmospheric pollution from flare stack, scrubber and VCU （vapor combustion unit）, etc. KOSHA （Korea Occupational Safety ＆ Health Agency） made criteria about HIPS inspection in 2007 to enforce HIPS inspection. HIPS is the first system which KOSHA and KGS （Korea Gas Safety Corp.） officially required to attach SIL verification report in the Process Safety Report. KOSHA and KGS uniformly require SIL3 for HIPS and require to configure the safety instrumented function to meet SIL3 requirement. The flare system with SIL3 application should have the interlocks to shut off the heat source in case of high pressure from tower, the cooling system failure and the power failure. KOSHA and KGS admit that the flare load is 0 where SIL 3 is applied to the flare system. So it is beneficial to plant because the equipment investment cost can be saved if SIL3 is applied to the flare system. By this reason, so many plants in Korea applied SIL3 to the flare system, scrubber system and VCU, etc. For SIL3 application, the redundant shutdown valve with PST （partial stroke test） should be installed with 1 out of 2 voting and the positioner for PST function should have HART communication function. There were problems caused by HART communication devices, so the system design should be cautiously done considering the operation availability and safety at the same time.展开更多
Sunscreen application is a common strategy used to prevent the damage induced by UV radiations. In the last 30 years a variety of protective agents against UV exposure have been developed： physical filters, chemical ...Sunscreen application is a common strategy used to prevent the damage induced by UV radiations. In the last 30 years a variety of protective agents against UV exposure have been developed： physical filters, chemical filters and organic filters. Physical filters are the safest： they scatter and reflect UV rays, but are difficult to apply on the skin. Chemical filters are capable of absorbing these rays, they are cosmetically pleasant, but recent studies suggest a toxicological nature for some of these agents. Organic filters are the newest advance in sun products. Since 2003 the COLIPA Index [Europe] has regulated sun product availability on the market. In the USA, the FDA establishes the classification and the safety of sun products, which are considered topical medical drugs. This article summarizes the dermatologist＇s point of view, according to the patient＇s request, professional ethics and increasing offer of sun product.展开更多
文摘Understanding coal mine rib behavior is important for inferring pillar loading conditions as well as ensuring the safety of miners who are regularly exposed to ribs. Due to the variability in the geometry of underground openings and ground behavior, point measurements often fail to capture the true movement of mine workings. Photogrammetry is a potentially fast, cheap, and precise supplemental measurement tool in comparison to extensometers, tape measures, or laser range meters, but its application in underground coal has been limited. The practical use of photogrammetry was tested at the Safety Research Coal Mine, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health(NIOSH). A commercially available, digital single-lens reflex(DSLR) camera was used to perform the photogrammetric surveys for the experiment. Several experiments were performed using different lighting conditions, distances to subject,camera settings, and photograph overlaps, with results summarized as follows: the lighting method was found to be insignificant if the scene was appropriately illuminated. It was found that the distance to the subject has a minimal impact on result accuracy, and that camera settings have a significant impact on the photogrammetric quality of images. An increasing photograph resolution was preferable when measuring plane orientations; otherwise a high point cloud density would likely be excessive. Focal ratio(F-stop) changes affect the depth of field and image quality in situations where multiple angles are necessary to survey cleat orientations. Photograph overlap is very important to proper three-dimensional reconstruction, and at least 60% overlap between photograph pairs is ideal to avoid unnecessary post-processing. The suggestions and guidelines proposed are designed to increase the quality of photogrammetry inputs and outputs as well as minimize processing time, and serve as a starting point for an underground coal photogrammetry study.
文摘This paper aims to develop a novel knowledge management framework for improving the system of pro-safety attitudes among young worker population in Poland. This is done through an efficient use of existing sources of explicit and tacit knowledge in the field of vocational occupational safety and health （OSH） training. This project identifies three specific research steps for the development of the knowledge management framework of the information technology-based approach for improving occupational safety training of young workers, including： （1） the development of the conceptual model of the flow of explicit knowledge of OSH; （2） evaluation of the effectiveness of formal and explicit knowledge sources for OSH and training methods using these sources in the context of attitudes towards health and safety at work; and （3） verification of the proposed model of vocational training with the use of combined explicit and hidden knowledge. The proposed framework includes consideration of the effectiveness of the formal and informal sources of safety knowledge. A mapping from the formal sources of explicit knowledge about the occupational safety to expected attitudes （hidden knowledge） towards OSH outcomes, including emotional, cognitive, and behavioral aspects has been used. The above framework should help to improve the system of vocational training for young workers in Poland.
文摘HIPS （High Integrity Protection System） is a really important system to protect the fractionation column from overpressure and to protect any atmospheric pollution from flare stack, scrubber and VCU （vapor combustion unit）, etc. KOSHA （Korea Occupational Safety ＆ Health Agency） made criteria about HIPS inspection in 2007 to enforce HIPS inspection. HIPS is the first system which KOSHA and KGS （Korea Gas Safety Corp.） officially required to attach SIL verification report in the Process Safety Report. KOSHA and KGS uniformly require SIL3 for HIPS and require to configure the safety instrumented function to meet SIL3 requirement. The flare system with SIL3 application should have the interlocks to shut off the heat source in case of high pressure from tower, the cooling system failure and the power failure. KOSHA and KGS admit that the flare load is 0 where SIL 3 is applied to the flare system. So it is beneficial to plant because the equipment investment cost can be saved if SIL3 is applied to the flare system. By this reason, so many plants in Korea applied SIL3 to the flare system, scrubber system and VCU, etc. For SIL3 application, the redundant shutdown valve with PST （partial stroke test） should be installed with 1 out of 2 voting and the positioner for PST function should have HART communication function. There were problems caused by HART communication devices, so the system design should be cautiously done considering the operation availability and safety at the same time.
文摘Sunscreen application is a common strategy used to prevent the damage induced by UV radiations. In the last 30 years a variety of protective agents against UV exposure have been developed： physical filters, chemical filters and organic filters. Physical filters are the safest： they scatter and reflect UV rays, but are difficult to apply on the skin. Chemical filters are capable of absorbing these rays, they are cosmetically pleasant, but recent studies suggest a toxicological nature for some of these agents. Organic filters are the newest advance in sun products. Since 2003 the COLIPA Index [Europe] has regulated sun product availability on the market. In the USA, the FDA establishes the classification and the safety of sun products, which are considered topical medical drugs. This article summarizes the dermatologist＇s point of view, according to the patient＇s request, professional ethics and increasing offer of sun product.
