社会结构的双重性与社会利益结构的演变

人类社会是一个高度复杂的系统,具有双重性结构即职能性结构和利益性结构。社会的职能性结构,又称功能性结构、技术组织管理结构。社会的利益性结构,则指的是人们的不同社会地位和社会权利,包括经济、政治、文化等诸方面。在社会的职能性和利益性的双重结构中,利益结构更与人们的社会生活息息相关。社会利益结构不是凝固不变的,而是一个动态的历史过程。从总的趋势看,人们的社会利益将经历一个从统一到分裂再到统一的历史进程。

Study on the shock absorbing technique of high speed railway bridges

Based on the idea of "bearing function separation", a structural member called shock absorber that makes use of its plastic deformation is presented for reducing the seismic response of the bridge. The design criterion for matching material stress, strain and earthquake fortification aim, is also given. The analysis results show that the high speed railway box girder with the absorber in this paper has great reduction effect in seismic response of the bridge piers.