The accession of an African-American Obama to the U.S. Presidency in 2008 is an epoch-making event. The thesis focuses on the current situation of the blacks in U.S. to highlight the prophetic nature of Faulkner, the ...The accession of an African-American Obama to the U.S. Presidency in 2008 is an epoch-making event. The thesis focuses on the current situation of the blacks in U.S. to highlight the prophetic nature of Faulkner, the Nobel Prize winning American novelist＇s exploration of the blacks throughout his career, namely, the miserable living states of the blacks, racial segregation against the blacks in the sphere of education and religion, racial discrimination against the blacks with regard to civil rights, racial persecution against the blacks in legal cases, and the dependency upon the black leadership to salvage the multi-ethnic nation and so on. The paper comes up with the conclusion that Faulkner is accurate in his prophecy that the savior of the nation, the blacks shall suffer and lead.展开更多
MicroRNAs （miRNAs） are important post-transcriptional regulators of their target genes in plants and animals, miRNAs are usually 20-24 nucleotides long. Despite their unusually small sizes, the evolutionary history ...MicroRNAs （miRNAs） are important post-transcriptional regulators of their target genes in plants and animals, miRNAs are usually 20-24 nucleotides long. Despite their unusually small sizes, the evolutionary history of miRNA gene families seems to be similar to their protein-codingcounterparts. In contrast to the small but abundant miRNA families in the animal genomes, plants have fewer but larger miRNA gene families. Members of plant miRNA gene families are often highly similar, suggesting recent expansion via tandem gene duplication and segmental duplication events. Although many miRNA genes are conserved across plant species, the same gene family varies significantly in size and genomic organization in different species, which may cause dosage effects and spatial and temporal differences in target gene regulations. In this review, we summarize the current progress in understanding the evolution of plant miRNA gene families.展开更多
This article attempts to analyze the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict between the Armenians and Azerbaijanis by focusing on place and territory as two key subjective components of national identity. Place and territory are a...This article attempts to analyze the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict between the Armenians and Azerbaijanis by focusing on place and territory as two key subjective components of national identity. Place and territory are also crucial from cultural perspective because they enable communities to express their identity in a cultural landscape. Control of the territory of Nagorno-Karabakh was essential to express territoriality that is to protect language and identity. In addition, the article examines the exclusionary treatment of Karabakh Armenians by Azerbaijan and discrimination against them as the cause of the conflict and its intensity. The article also focuses on the desire for political self-rule as a necessary condition for nationhood.展开更多
Solubility of benzoic acid, terephthalic acid and 2,6-naphthalene dicarboxylic acid in water, acetic acid, N.N-dimethylformamide, N.N-dimethylacetamide, dimethyl sulphoxide and Ar-methyl-2-ketopyrrolidine were measure...Solubility of benzoic acid, terephthalic acid and 2,6-naphthalene dicarboxylic acid in water, acetic acid, N.N-dimethylformamide, N.N-dimethylacetamide, dimethyl sulphoxide and Ar-methyl-2-ketopyrrolidine were measured by dynamic method. The solubilities were calculated by UNIFAC group contribution method, in which new groups, BCCOOH and NCCOOH, were introduced to express the activity coefficients of aromatic acids and new interaction parameters of the new groups were expressed as the function of temperature, which were determined from the experimental data. The new interaction parameters provided good calculated result. The experimental data were also correlated with Wilson and y-h models, and results were compared with present UNIFAC model.展开更多
Rights-based approach to journalism aims to enable media to pursue the violations of rights by reporting them as news and, in this way, to preserve and ameliorate the rights as well as to contribute democratization. R...Rights-based approach to journalism aims to enable media to pursue the violations of rights by reporting them as news and, in this way, to preserve and ameliorate the rights as well as to contribute democratization. Rights-based approach to journalism in Turkey is a pretty new field of study for the researchers who study media. The examples of rights-based journalism appeared further especially in European Union membership process. Thus, the news that are sensitive to rights have found a broader place in media. In the process of E.U. membership, Turkey was required to carry out some regulations that target the betterment of human rights, women＇s rights, children＇s rights and minority rights. Making news from a rights-based perspective is an action for the announcement of people＇s struggle for their rights to the public with the aim of preventing the violations of rights.展开更多
For some critics, the publication of Milton＇s Paradise Lost in 1667 suggests his taking religious retreat from his previous political investment in both the Commonwealth Government （1649-1653） and Oliver Cromwell＇...For some critics, the publication of Milton＇s Paradise Lost in 1667 suggests his taking religious retreat from his previous political investment in both the Commonwealth Government （1649-1653） and Oliver Cromwell＇s Protectorate that was abnegated by the return of King Charles II in 1660. Not to mention that Milton＇s flamboyant portrayal of Satan appears to be a critique of republicanism： Just as the republicans who revolted against the monarchy, Satan tempts other angels to rebel against the omnipotent God and gain their freedom. This transgressive betrayal fails and is punished in Paradise Lost. However, when the strict censorship of the writings of Milton＇s contemporaries is taken into account, the strategies employed in Milton＇s Paradise Lost become clearer： It may be read as a veiled critique of kingship hiding behind the facade of a criticism of republicanism so as to circumvent censorship. In other words, the work may have surreptitiously conveyed a hidden message for his English citizens. That message may be indirectly delivered through Milton＇s innovative elaboration of the fall of Man, which is roughly described in the Genesis. Therefore, this essay argues that Milton veils the seed of political reform in the moral lessons conveyed in his presentation of the psychological dynamic of Adam and Eve＇s fall. In addition, this essay further explores how Milton endeavors to re-shape the national consciousness of the 17th century English people through alternate historical awareness.展开更多
The nation can be broken down into two categories： ＂ancient nations＂ and ＂modern nations.＂ The ancient Huaxia nation went through two phases in the course of its formation： the self-existent nation and the self-...The nation can be broken down into two categories： ＂ancient nations＂ and ＂modern nations.＂ The ancient Huaxia nation went through two phases in the course of its formation： the self-existent nation and the self-aware nation. The reason the self-existent Huaxia nation1 arose in the Xia and Shang period lies in its unified yet diverse composite state structure that could encompass a variety of buzu within the framework of a dynastic state. The pre-Xia Five Emperors period saw the genesis of the Huaxia nation. During this period, different buzu states were cemented into a diverse yet unified nation-state through a confederation of chiefdoms.展开更多
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect and underlying mechanisms of combined medicated thread moxibustion therapy plus needle picking therapy of Zhuang nationality medicine on antioxidant levels in a rat model of sciati...OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect and underlying mechanisms of combined medicated thread moxibustion therapy plus needle picking therapy of Zhuang nationality medicine on antioxidant levels in a rat model of sciatica.METHODS: One hundred Wistar rats, of specific pathogen free level, were randomly divided into five groups: normal control group, model group,medicated thread moxibustion group, needle picking group, and combination group. Each group contained 20 rats. In the model, medicated thread moxibustion, needle picking, and combination groups,sciatica models were established through chronicconstriction injury of the sciatic nerve. After the model was established, the rats in the medicated thread moxibustion, needle picking, and combination groups were given the corresponding therapies for 21 days. The control and model groups received no treatment. Reactive oxygen species, superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde, and total antioxidant capacity changes were determined.Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate(NADPH) oxidase subunit NADPH oxidases 4(NOX4) m RNA expression and the morphology of cells were observed to detect apoptosis of gamma-aminobutyric acid ergic(GABAergic) neurons.RESULTS: Compared with control group, reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde levels rose significantly in the model group(P < 0.01), while superoxide dismutase and total antioxidant capacity levels were lowered(P < 0.05). Compared with the model group, reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde decreased in the needle picking group(P < 0.05), while superoxide dismutase levels were increased(P < 0.05); reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde significantly decreased in the combination group(P < 0.01). In addition, the model group had higher NOX4 m RNA expression than that of the control group(P < 0.05), and the combination group had lower expression levels than that of the model group(P < 0.05). Apoptosis of GABAergic neurons was observed in the model group, and was attenuated after combined therapy.CONCLUSION: The medicated thread moxibustion therapy plus needle picking therapy of Zhuang nationality medicine can prevent oxidative damage in the rat model of sciatica via down-regulating NOX4 expression, improving antioxidant capacity, and in-hibiting the oxidative damage pathway of GABAergic neurons.展开更多
The population genetic data and forensic parameters of 19 X-chromosome short tandem repeat （X-STR） loci in Chinese Uygur ethnic minority are presented. These loci were detected in a sample of 233 （94 males and 139 ...The population genetic data and forensic parameters of 19 X-chromosome short tandem repeat （X-STR） loci in Chinese Uygur ethnic minority are presented. These loci were detected in a sample of 233 （94 males and 139 females） unrelated healthy individuals. We observed 238 alleles at the 19 X-STR loci, with the corresponding gene frequencies spanning the range from 0.0021 to 0.5644. After Bonferroni correction （P〉0.0026）, there were no signif- icant deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The cumulative power of discrimination in females and males, and the probability of exclusion of the 19 X-STR loci were 0.999 999 999 999 999 999 998 091,0.999 999 999 999 966, and 0.999 999 986 35, respectively. The cumulative mean exclusion chance was 0.999 999 992 849 in deficiency cases, 0.999 999 999 999 628 in normal trios, and 0.999 999 998 722 in duo cases. The high value of the forensic parameters mentioned above revealed that the novel panel of 19 loci had important values for forensic applications in the LJygur group.展开更多
Two dinucleotide PNA-cyclen copper(II) complexes with α-PNA (P1) and classical PNA (P2) backbones were synthesized and characterized.The interactions between title complexes and DNA were investigated under physiologi...Two dinucleotide PNA-cyclen copper(II) complexes with α-PNA (P1) and classical PNA (P2) backbones were synthesized and characterized.The interactions between title complexes and DNA were investigated under physiological conditions.Fluorescence studies indicate that the binding ability of complex P1 to CT-DNA is as twice as that of P2.DNA melting experiments were also carried out and the results show that ΔTm caused by P1 is higher than that caused by P2.Agarose gel electrophoresis experiments demonstrate that P1 is an excellent chemical nuclease,which can cleavage plasmid DNA completely in 12 h.展开更多
文摘The accession of an African-American Obama to the U.S. Presidency in 2008 is an epoch-making event. The thesis focuses on the current situation of the blacks in U.S. to highlight the prophetic nature of Faulkner, the Nobel Prize winning American novelist＇s exploration of the blacks throughout his career, namely, the miserable living states of the blacks, racial segregation against the blacks in the sphere of education and religion, racial discrimination against the blacks with regard to civil rights, racial persecution against the blacks in legal cases, and the dependency upon the black leadership to salvage the multi-ethnic nation and so on. The paper comes up with the conclusion that Faulkner is accurate in his prophecy that the savior of the nation, the blacks shall suffer and lead.
文摘MicroRNAs （miRNAs） are important post-transcriptional regulators of their target genes in plants and animals, miRNAs are usually 20-24 nucleotides long. Despite their unusually small sizes, the evolutionary history of miRNA gene families seems to be similar to their protein-codingcounterparts. In contrast to the small but abundant miRNA families in the animal genomes, plants have fewer but larger miRNA gene families. Members of plant miRNA gene families are often highly similar, suggesting recent expansion via tandem gene duplication and segmental duplication events. Although many miRNA genes are conserved across plant species, the same gene family varies significantly in size and genomic organization in different species, which may cause dosage effects and spatial and temporal differences in target gene regulations. In this review, we summarize the current progress in understanding the evolution of plant miRNA gene families.
文摘This article attempts to analyze the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict between the Armenians and Azerbaijanis by focusing on place and territory as two key subjective components of national identity. Place and territory are also crucial from cultural perspective because they enable communities to express their identity in a cultural landscape. Control of the territory of Nagorno-Karabakh was essential to express territoriality that is to protect language and identity. In addition, the article examines the exclusionary treatment of Karabakh Armenians by Azerbaijan and discrimination against them as the cause of the conflict and its intensity. The article also focuses on the desire for political self-rule as a necessary condition for nationhood.
文摘Solubility of benzoic acid, terephthalic acid and 2,6-naphthalene dicarboxylic acid in water, acetic acid, N.N-dimethylformamide, N.N-dimethylacetamide, dimethyl sulphoxide and Ar-methyl-2-ketopyrrolidine were measured by dynamic method. The solubilities were calculated by UNIFAC group contribution method, in which new groups, BCCOOH and NCCOOH, were introduced to express the activity coefficients of aromatic acids and new interaction parameters of the new groups were expressed as the function of temperature, which were determined from the experimental data. The new interaction parameters provided good calculated result. The experimental data were also correlated with Wilson and y-h models, and results were compared with present UNIFAC model.
文摘Rights-based approach to journalism aims to enable media to pursue the violations of rights by reporting them as news and, in this way, to preserve and ameliorate the rights as well as to contribute democratization. Rights-based approach to journalism in Turkey is a pretty new field of study for the researchers who study media. The examples of rights-based journalism appeared further especially in European Union membership process. Thus, the news that are sensitive to rights have found a broader place in media. In the process of E.U. membership, Turkey was required to carry out some regulations that target the betterment of human rights, women＇s rights, children＇s rights and minority rights. Making news from a rights-based perspective is an action for the announcement of people＇s struggle for their rights to the public with the aim of preventing the violations of rights.
文摘For some critics, the publication of Milton＇s Paradise Lost in 1667 suggests his taking religious retreat from his previous political investment in both the Commonwealth Government （1649-1653） and Oliver Cromwell＇s Protectorate that was abnegated by the return of King Charles II in 1660. Not to mention that Milton＇s flamboyant portrayal of Satan appears to be a critique of republicanism： Just as the republicans who revolted against the monarchy, Satan tempts other angels to rebel against the omnipotent God and gain their freedom. This transgressive betrayal fails and is punished in Paradise Lost. However, when the strict censorship of the writings of Milton＇s contemporaries is taken into account, the strategies employed in Milton＇s Paradise Lost become clearer： It may be read as a veiled critique of kingship hiding behind the facade of a criticism of republicanism so as to circumvent censorship. In other words, the work may have surreptitiously conveyed a hidden message for his English citizens. That message may be indirectly delivered through Milton＇s innovative elaboration of the fall of Man, which is roughly described in the Genesis. Therefore, this essay argues that Milton veils the seed of political reform in the moral lessons conveyed in his presentation of the psychological dynamic of Adam and Eve＇s fall. In addition, this essay further explores how Milton endeavors to re-shape the national consciousness of the 17th century English people through alternate historical awareness.
基金part of the fruits of the National Key Program for Social Sciences on"Theories and Methodologies in Research on the Origins of China"(Grant No.:12&ZD133) in 2012funded by Shanghai Higher Education’s Connotation Construction Project("085 Project") of Sociology
文摘The nation can be broken down into two categories： ＂ancient nations＂ and ＂modern nations.＂ The ancient Huaxia nation went through two phases in the course of its formation： the self-existent nation and the self-aware nation. The reason the self-existent Huaxia nation1 arose in the Xia and Shang period lies in its unified yet diverse composite state structure that could encompass a variety of buzu within the framework of a dynastic state. The pre-Xia Five Emperors period saw the genesis of the Huaxia nation. During this period, different buzu states were cemented into a diverse yet unified nation-state through a confederation of chiefdoms.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Research on Mechanism of Insomnia Treatment Administrated by Acupuncture Combined With Medicated Thread Moxibustion of Zhuang Nationality Medicine,No.81360579)
文摘OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect and underlying mechanisms of combined medicated thread moxibustion therapy plus needle picking therapy of Zhuang nationality medicine on antioxidant levels in a rat model of sciatica.METHODS: One hundred Wistar rats, of specific pathogen free level, were randomly divided into five groups: normal control group, model group,medicated thread moxibustion group, needle picking group, and combination group. Each group contained 20 rats. In the model, medicated thread moxibustion, needle picking, and combination groups,sciatica models were established through chronicconstriction injury of the sciatic nerve. After the model was established, the rats in the medicated thread moxibustion, needle picking, and combination groups were given the corresponding therapies for 21 days. The control and model groups received no treatment. Reactive oxygen species, superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde, and total antioxidant capacity changes were determined.Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate(NADPH) oxidase subunit NADPH oxidases 4(NOX4) m RNA expression and the morphology of cells were observed to detect apoptosis of gamma-aminobutyric acid ergic(GABAergic) neurons.RESULTS: Compared with control group, reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde levels rose significantly in the model group(P < 0.01), while superoxide dismutase and total antioxidant capacity levels were lowered(P < 0.05). Compared with the model group, reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde decreased in the needle picking group(P < 0.05), while superoxide dismutase levels were increased(P < 0.05); reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde significantly decreased in the combination group(P < 0.01). In addition, the model group had higher NOX4 m RNA expression than that of the control group(P < 0.05), and the combination group had lower expression levels than that of the model group(P < 0.05). Apoptosis of GABAergic neurons was observed in the model group, and was attenuated after combined therapy.CONCLUSION: The medicated thread moxibustion therapy plus needle picking therapy of Zhuang nationality medicine can prevent oxidative damage in the rat model of sciatica via down-regulating NOX4 expression, improving antioxidant capacity, and in-hibiting the oxidative damage pathway of GABAergic neurons.
基金Project supported by the Scientific Research Program of the Higher Education Institution of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(No.XJEDU2011i33),Chinathe National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81373248)the National Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars of China(No.81525015)
文摘The population genetic data and forensic parameters of 19 X-chromosome short tandem repeat （X-STR） loci in Chinese Uygur ethnic minority are presented. These loci were detected in a sample of 233 （94 males and 139 females） unrelated healthy individuals. We observed 238 alleles at the 19 X-STR loci, with the corresponding gene frequencies spanning the range from 0.0021 to 0.5644. After Bonferroni correction （P〉0.0026）, there were no signif- icant deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The cumulative power of discrimination in females and males, and the probability of exclusion of the 19 X-STR loci were 0.999 999 999 999 999 999 998 091,0.999 999 999 999 966, and 0.999 999 986 35, respectively. The cumulative mean exclusion chance was 0.999 999 992 849 in deficiency cases, 0.999 999 999 999 628 in normal trios, and 0.999 999 998 722 in duo cases. The high value of the forensic parameters mentioned above revealed that the novel panel of 19 loci had important values for forensic applications in the LJygur group.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (20725206, 20732004 & 20902062)Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University, the Key Project of Chinese Ministry of Education in China and Scientific Fund of Sichuan Province for Outstanding Young Scientists
文摘Two dinucleotide PNA-cyclen copper(II) complexes with α-PNA (P1) and classical PNA (P2) backbones were synthesized and characterized.The interactions between title complexes and DNA were investigated under physiological conditions.Fluorescence studies indicate that the binding ability of complex P1 to CT-DNA is as twice as that of P2.DNA melting experiments were also carried out and the results show that ΔTm caused by P1 is higher than that caused by P2.Agarose gel electrophoresis experiments demonstrate that P1 is an excellent chemical nuclease,which can cleavage plasmid DNA completely in 12 h.
