《现汉》关联条目的几点质疑

１９９６年出版的《现代汉语词典》修订本（以下作《现汉》），无论是在词汇的容量，还是在释义的准确性方面，都有了长足的进展，赢得了专家学者和广大读者的赞誉，并于１９９７年荣获了第二届国家辞书奖一等奖。但是，笔者最近却颇为意外地发现，《现汉》在若干关联条目...

牛奶中β-内酰胺和四环素类抗生素二联检测试纸条的初步研究

抗生素越来越多地被应用于畜牧业中,其在乳制品中的残留问题也备受关注。乳品中残留抗生素不仅危害人体的健康,而且影响经济贸易的正常进行。为适应基层检测牛奶中抗生素残留的需求,作者采用胶体金免疫层析方法,建立了可以同时测定牛奶中的β-内酰胺类抗生素和四环素类抗生素的二联胶体金试纸条。该方法简单可靠,可同时检测牛奶中12种β-内酰胺类抗生素和4种四环素类抗生素,是一种值得推广的定性筛选方法,可作为液相色谱等定量检测仪器法的补充。

β-内酰胺类和四环素类多残留二联试纸条质量验证试验

[目的]为了更加快速、方便地检测牛奶中的抗生素残留,验证牛奶质量,保证检测结果的有效性。[方法]对β-内酰胺类和四环素类多残留二联试纸条进行质量验证试验,主要验证了检测限、假阳性率、假阴性率3个质量参数。[结果]二联试纸条检测阈值与检测限一致,没有假阴性结果出现,假阳性率也在国家规定范围内。[结论]验证的β-内酰胺类和四环素类多残留二联试纸条可用于牛奶中12种β-内酰胺类抗生素和4种四环素类抗生素的检测。

大观霉素、庆大霉素、新霉素、链霉素四联试纸条的检测效果评价

试验考查大观霉素、庆大霉素、新霉素、链霉素快速检测试纸条的检测限、特异性、重复性等主要技术指标,同时考查假阳性率、假阴性率,以及影响胶体金检测效果的主要因素。结果显示,该试纸条最低检测限为:大观霉素20μg/L;庆大霉素20μg/L;新霉素500μg/L;链霉素80μg/L,特异性和重复性良好,假阳性率、假阴性率较低,最佳检测温度为室温25℃,最佳检测相对湿度为60%～70%。

β-内酰胺类和四环素类多残留二联试纸条质量验证试验

为了更加快速、方便的检测牛奶中的抗生素残留，验证牛奶质量，保证检测结果的有效性，对β-内酰胺类和四环素类多残留二联试纸条进行了质量验证试验。试验主要验证了检测限、假阳性率、假阴性率等三个质量参数。结果显示，二联试纸条检测阈值与检测限一致，没有假阴性结果出现，假阳性率在国家规定范围内。因此，验证的β-内酰胺类和四环素类多残留二联试纸条可用于牛奶中12种β-内酰胺类抗生素和4种四环素类抗生素的检测。

Multistix^(TM)10SG试纸条与Combur10Test^RM试纸条临床应用结果比较

目的 :比较MultistixTM10SG与Combur 10TestRM两种试纸条临床测定结果 ,评价其应用价值。方法 :按C1initek - 5 0 0型及Miditron -M尿干化学分析仪及试纸条使用说明书上进行。结果 :浓度接近两种试纸条同一量级比较 ,完全符合率 :>96 %有G1u、BIL、Ket、UBG、Nit5项 ,达到 91%有Pro 1项 ,达到 70 %以上有BLO、Leu 2项 ,最低SG为 4 4 .8% ,pH为 4 2 .6 %。结论 :两种试纸条各具特点 ,质量稳定 ,均适合临床应用。MultistixTM10SG试纸条各测试块检测化学成分浓度阳性程度的量级分配更加合理 ,为尿干化学法首选试纸条。

An Invariant of the Projective Semi-symmetric Connection

In this paper the projective semi symmetric connection D is studied, which is projectively equivalent to the Levi_Civita connection . An intrinsic projective invariant is found out and a necessary and sufficient condition is given. Furthermore, another condition is obtained when the convariant derivative of the projective invariant is kept.

A STUDY ON THE IMPACTS OF LATENT HEAT PARAMETERIZATION SCHEME ON PREDICTION SKILL OF ENSO WITH A SIMPLE OCEAN-ATMOSPHERE COUPLED MODEL

This study revises Weare＇s latent heat parameterization scheme and conducts an associated theoretic analysis. The revised Weare＇s scheme is found to present potentially better results than Zebiak＇s scheme. The Zebiak-Cane coupled ocean-atmosphere model, initialized by the National Centers for Environmental Prediction and the National Center for Atmospheric Research （NCEP/NCAR） reanalysis of wind stress anomaly at 925 hPa, is referred to as the ZCW coupled model. The atmosphere models of the ZCW coupled model that use Zebiak＇s scheme and the revised Weare＇s scheme are referred to as the ZCW0 and ZCWN atmosphere models, respectively. The coupled ocean-atmosphere models that use Zebiak＇s scheme and the revised Weare＇s scheme are referred to as the ZCWoand ZCWN coupled models, respectively. The simulations between the ZCW0 and ZCWN atmosphere models and between the ZCW0 and ZCWN coupled models are analyzed. The results include： （1） The evolution of heat, meridional wind and divergence anomalies simulated by similar ZCW0 and ZCWN atmosphere models, although the magnitudes of the former are larger than those of the latter; （2） The prediction skill of the Nino3 index from 1982 to 1999 by the ZCWN coupled model shows improvement compared with those by the ZCW0 coupled model; （3） The analysis of E1 Nino events in 1982/1983, 1986/1987, and 1997/1998 and La Nifia events in 1984/1985, 1988/1989, and 1998/2000 suggests that the ZCWN coupled model is better than the ZCW0 coupled model in predicting warm event evolution and cold event generation. The results also show the disadvantage of the ZCWN coupled model for predicting E1 Nino.

The Rational Man Model in Social and Political Studies： A Plea for Relevance

This paper examines the assumptions of the Rational Man （RM） model familiar in social and political studies. It is observed that the model is too restrictive in its explaining events and behavior in social and political situations. It is suggested that the assumptions of RM model should be relaxed using the familiar methods and techniques of elementary formal logic. The concept of relevance is then introduced to take account of a ＂weaker＂ formal requirement in an attempt to explain events and processes in human action and/or behavior. The concept of ＂justification by reasons＂ is then introduced as a necessary though not sufficient requirement of explaining events and processes in social and political studies

Quality of life and cost-effectiveness of combined therapy for reflux esophagitis

Objectiv e: To evaluate clinical,Quality of Life (QoL) and medical cost outcomes in pati ents with symptomatic reflux esophagitis (RE) receiving different ″triple c ombin ation therapy″ . Methods: A multicenter medical effectiveness trial conducte d in 10 hospitals of 5 regions in Zhejiang Province. 248 patient-volunteers were ass ig ned to 8 weeks of ″ triple combination therapy″ with Lansoprazole plus Cisapri de and Sucralfate or Ranitidine plus Cisapride and Sucralfate. Main outcomes asses sment included symptoms scale scores,RE severity,QoL at baseline and 8 weeks. Medical cost data were collected with cost analysis questionnaire. Results: (1)M ore Lansoprazole group patients noted RE symptoms resolution than Ranitidine gro up(92.3% vs 78.4%,P<0.01). There was no striking difference between two gro ups in RE healing rate (90.8% vs 82.9%, P>0.05). (2)RE significantly impaire d QoL of patients(P<0.001).Compared with Ranitidine group,QoL in Lansoprazole group had significant improvement (rate of ″good″ QoL 64.5% vs 45.6%,P<0.01). (3)T here w as close correlation between symptomic effectiveness and QoL rating scale in bot h the Lansoprazole and Ranitidine group(P<0.01,r=0.235 and 0.353 respec tively). There were no statistical difference of medical cost between the two groups ( P> 0.05). Conclusion: RE significantly impaired QoL of patients. ″Triple combinati o n therapies″ can significantly improve RE symptoms and QoL. Lansoprazole combin ation therapy was more cost-effective than Ranitidine combination group.

Analysis of Error for a Rotating Strap-down Inertial Navigation System with Fibro Gyro

The error equation of a rotating inertial navigation system was introduced. The effect of the system's main error source (constant drift of gyro and zero bias of accelerometer) under rotating conditions for the system was analyzed. Validity of theoretical analysis was shown via simulation, and that provides a theoretical foundation for a rotating strap-down inertial navigation system during actual experimentation and application.

Variation of Bioaccumulation Ability of 2,2',4,4'-Tetrabromodiphenyl Ether by Marine Diatom Skeletonema costatum Under Different N:P Ratios

The growth, biochemical content and bioaccumulation quantity of 2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether(BDE-47) in Skeletonema costatum were studied under different N:P ratios(1, 4, 16, 64 and 128). All cellular biochemical contents of S. costatum presented decreasing trend over cultivation time. At early stage of cultivation, the cellular protein, carbohydrate and lipid in S. costatum presented higher values in treatments of N:P=4 and 16. However, they were lower in these treatments at the late stage, but higher in treatments N:P=1 and 128. Similarly, BDE-47 levels per cell of S. costatum were higher in treatments of N:P=4 and 16 at early stage of cultivation, which were 3.8 and 3.7 ng(106 cells)-1, respectively. At the middle stage of cultivation, the BDE-47 level per S. costatum cell lowered; and it further reduced in the treatments of N:P=4 and 16 at the late stage with the values 0.6 and 0.5 ng(106 cells)-1, respectively. However, it rose in N:P=128, reaching up to 2.3 ng(106 cells)-1. Compared with BDE-47 per cell, BDE-47 per algal volume under different N:P ratios did not present obvious difference. The quantity BDE-47 accumulated per cell of S. costatum was positively correlated with protein, carbohydrate and lipid per cell; meanwhile, the BDE-47 per volume had a positive correlation with biochemical content per volume. The variation of bioaccumulation ability of BDE-47 in S. costatum can be explained by biochemical changes due to N:P ratios.

Effects of Explanation Type on Consumers' Perceived Usefulness of Online Reviews and Their Boundary Conditions

In making purchasing decisions, consumers look to online reviews posted by others who have used or experienced the product/service. Most existing studies on online reviews only focused on their content without addressing how their explanation type influences purchasing decisions, not to mention the boundary conditions for such effects. Based on three experimental studies, this paper examines how explanation type affects the perceived usefulness of online reviews and purchasing decisions, and discusses the boundary conditions for such effects. Our findings show that positive explanation type has a positive effect on the perceived usefulness of online reviews, while negative explanation has an insignificant impact. For search products, there is a positive correlation between the online reviews of explained actions and the perceived usefulness of consumer reviews. For experience products, there is a positive correlation between the online reviews of explained reactions and the perceived usefulness of consumer reviews. Further research found that temporal distance may moderate the effects of explanation type and product type on the perceived usefulness of online reviews. This study also provides a new approach for research on the word-of-mouth(WOM) with meaningful implications for e-commerce firms.

The study of slip line field and upper bound method based on associated flow and non-associated flow rules

At present, associated flow rule of traditional plastic theory is adopted in the slip line field theory and upper bound method of geotechnical materials. So the stress characteristic line conforms to the velocity line. It is proved that geotechnical materials do not abide by the associated flow rule. It is impossible for the stress characteristic line to conform to the velocity line. Generalized plastic mechanics theoretically proved that plastic potential surface intersects the Mohr-Coulomb yield surface with an angle, so that the velocity line must be studied by non-associated flow rule. According to limit analysis theory, the theory of slip line field is put forward in this paper, and then the ultimate beating capacity of strip footing is obtained based on the associated flow rule and the non-associated flow nile individually. These two results are identical since the ultimate bearing capacity is independent of flow role. On the contrary, the velocity fields of associated and non-associated flow rules are different which shows the velocity field based on the associat- ed flow rule is incorrect.

山乡“武装迷”——记宜宾县柳加镇武装部长张家兴

山里人都说他是个“武装迷”。他踏遍了柳加的山山水水,把自己的青春年华都献给了党的武装事业,献给了柳加这片贫瘠的土地。他,就是四川宜宾县柳加镇武装部长张家兴。 1979年9月,张家兴告别了火热的军营,转业来到了宜宾县柳加镇。当组织上征求他的志愿时,他毅然选择了武装工作。十多年来。

Conditional-quantile screening for ultrahigh-dimensional survival data via martingale difference correlation

Using the so-called martingale difference correlation(MDC), we propose a novel censoredconditional-quantile screening approach for ultrahigh-dimensional survival data with heterogeneity(which is often present in such data). By incorporating a weighting scheme, this method is a natural extension of MDCbased conditional quantile screening, as considered by Shao and Zhang(2014), to handle ultrahigh-dimensional survival data. The proposed screening procedure has a sure-screening property under certain technical conditions and an excellent capability of detecting the nonlinear relationship between independent and censored dependent variables. Both simulation results and an analysis of real data demonstrate the effectiveness of the new censored conditional quantile-screening procedure.

Successful couplings for difusion processes with state-dependent switching

This work is concerned with successful couplings for a class of multidimensional diffusion processes with state-dependent switching. We construct a type of couplings for this class of processes, and give some sufficient conditions to guarantee this type of couplings to be successful. Besides, two illustrative examples are provided.