石墨烯基超级电容器的研究进展

石墨烯具有独特的二维空间网络结构及优异的导电性能、机械性能及超大的比表面积,是超级电容器中的双层电容器的理想电极材料,但石墨烯存在着容易团聚导致其可利用的活性表面减少及导电率和电容量降低的问题。近几年通过与N、B、P杂原子掺杂、碳纳米管复合及与法拉第赝电容电极材料进行互补性复合等方法对存在的问题进行了研究并取得了较好的效果,对这方面的研究进行了综述并指出了今后的研究及发展方向。

Toughening wood/polypropylene composites with polyethylene octene elastomer (POE)

Polyethylene octene elastomer (POE) as impact modifier was incorporated into wood/polypropylene composites (WPC) to enhance the impact strength of the composite. Two extruding routes, i.e. direct extruding route and two-stage extruding route, were adopted to produce Wood Powder/PP/POE ternary composites. The mechanical and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) properties of the composites were investigated. The results showed that the addition of POE can increase the impact strength of the composites, and the composites produced via two-stage extruding route showed superior mechanical properties. The results of the DMA confirmed the mechanical tests.

Self-assembly constructed by perylene bisimide derivatives bearing complementary hydrogen-bonding moieties

An intermediate compound 2, 4-bis（laurylamino）-6-（1-（2-aminoethyl）-piperazine）-1, 3, 5-triazine was prepared by stepwise nucleophilic substitution on triazine ring by lauryl amine and subsequently 1-（2-aminoethyl）-piperazine. Then imidization of perylene-3, 4, 9, 10-tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride with 2,4-bis（laurylamino）-6-（1-（2-aminoethyl）-piperazine）-1, 3, 5-triazine was carried out to afford a novel perylene derivative bearing two melamine blocks （S2） and 1, 6, 7, 12-tetra（4-tert-butyl phenoxy）-perylene-3, 4, 9, 10-tetracarboxylic acid bisimide （S1. The hydrogen-bonding interactions between S1 and S2 were investigated by IH NMR spectrum, UV/Vis spectrum and fluorescence spectrum. The influences on the morphologies of S1·S2 aggregates were investigated. The results show that well-defined nanofibers with a diameter of about 100 nm can be obtained by self-assembly between S1 and S2 only in CH2Cl2 solution. Based on these results, guidelines for the molecular design and self-assembly of supramolecular polymer materials are presented.

Morphology and conductivity of in-situ PEO-LiClO_4-TiO_2 composite polymer electrolyte

PEO-LiClO4-TiO2 composite polymer electrolyte films were prepared. TiO2 was formed directly in matrix by hydrolysis and condensation reaction of tetrabutyl titanate. The crystallinity, morphology and ionic conductivity of composite polymer electrolyte films were examined by differential scanning calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy, atom force microscopy and alternating current impedance spectroscopy, respectively. The glass transition temperature and the crystallinity of composite polymer electrolytes are decreased compared with those of PEO-LiClO4 polymer electrolyte film. The results show that TiO2 particles are uniformly dispersed in PEO-LiClO4-5%TiO2 composite polymer electrolyte film. The maximal conductivity of 5.5×10、5 Scm at 20 ℃ of PEO-LiClO4-TiO2 film is obtained at 5% mass fraction of TiO2.

AlCl_3-Catalyzed Directional Conversion of some Polycyclic Aromatics

Special attention should be paid to the preparation of "special chemicals" from coal and the conversion of them. In this thesis, the alkylation and acylation of some polycyclic aromatics, naphthalene, acenaphthene and anthracene, catalyzed by Lewis acid AlCl 3 in carbon disulfide (CS 2) and nitrobenzene (PhNO 2), were investigated. The results show that some important organic intermediates and monomers can be selectively synthesized by controlling the reaction conditions.

Utilization of Concrete Waste Aggregates Using Geopolymer Cement

Reuse of concrete waste, especially in large quantity, can save not only material but also cost for its disposal. This paper presents experiment results on the use of fine and coarse aggregates from concrete waste in geopolymer mortars and concretes. Geopolymeric cement is an inorganic compounds of aluminosilicates synthesized from precursors with high content of silica and alumina activated by alkali silicate solutions. Geopolymer in this experiment was synthesized from fly ash as the precursor and sodium silicate solution as the activator. Hardening of geopolymers was performed by heating the casted paste in an oven at -60~Cfor 3 to 36 hours. Compressive strength of geopolymer pastes and mortars using either fresh or waste fine aggregates were in the range of 19-26 MPa. Hardening time of 3 hours at 60~C followed by leaving the test pieces at room temperature for 7 day before testing results in similar strength to that of mortars cured for 36 hours at 60~C followed by leaving the samples at room temperature for 3 days. It suggests that optimum strength can be achieved by combination of heating time and rest period before testing, i.e the specimens age. Applying mix design with a target strength of 40 MPa, conventional Portland cement concretes using fresh aggregates reached 70% of its target strength at day-7. Compressive strength of geopolymer concretes with waste aggregates was -25 MPa at day-3 while geopolymer concretes with fresh aggregates achieved -39 MPa at day-3. It can be concluded that geopolymer concretes can achieve the target strength in only 3 days. However, the expected reinforcing effect of coarse aggregates in concrete was ineffective if waste coarse aggregates were used as the strength of the concretes did not increase significantly from that of the mortars. On the other hand, waste fine aggregates can be reused for making geopolymer mortars having the same strength as the geopolymer mortars using fresh aggregates.

About New Inorganic Polymers-Double Condensed Phosphates of Silver and Trivalent Metals

A distinctive feature of phosphates is their special and significant ability to form inorganic polymeric compounds---condensed phosphates, which are destined to play a considerable role in our ＂high-tech＂ society in the future. Numerous olygophosphates, polyphosphates, double condensed phosphates and cyclophosphates with diverse formula, such as double tetra-, octa- and dodecaphosphates were obtained and described by us last years. The offered data are the outcomes of our scientific researches： of synthesis, analysis, and estimation of results in correlation with new achievements in inorganic polymer＇s chemistry. Many double condensed compounds, containing monovalent metals are obtained by us during systematic investigation of polycomponent systems, containing mono- and trivalent metals at temperature range 100-600 ~C. Synthesised condensed phosphates, in fact--inorganic polymers were examined in detail by chemical and thermogravimetric analysis, most compounds were examined by paper chromatography and the structures are determined by X-ray structural techniques/diffraction analysis. During our fundamental researches numerous new （about 70） unknown until now condensed phosphates have been obtained. Dependency of composition VS temperature and molar ratio, reliance of structure from duration of synthesis and radius of the ions are revealed.

Preparation and properties of composite polymer electrolyte modified with nano-size rare earth oxide

Poly（vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene） （PVDF-HFP） based composite polymer electrolyte （CPE） modified with CeO2, La2O3 and Y2O3 nano-rare earth oxides was prepared by phase inversion technique. Physical and chemical properties of the modified CPEs were studied by SEM, TG-DSC and electrochemical methods. The results show that the CPE modified with 10% La2O3 （mass fraction） has the best practical applicability, which indicates that the thermal and electrochemical stability can reach over 400 ℃ and 4.5 V, respectively, and temperature dependence of ionic conductivity follows Vogel-Tamman-Fulcher （VTF） relationship and ionic conductivity at room temperature is up to 3.3 mS/cm. The interfacial resistance Ri reaches a stable value about 557 Ω after 6 d storage.

Synthesis and Crystal Structure of a Novel One- dimensional Coordination Polymer [(C_(14)H_(18)N_2)(Pb_2I_6)]_n

The organic-inorganic hybrid [(C14H18N2)(Pb2I6)]n ([C14H18N2]2+ = N,N?-1,4-buthy- lenedipyridinium (BDP)) with one-dimensional structure was self-assembling synthesized by the organic quaternary ammonium template. It crystallizes in monoclinic, space group P21/n with a = 8.2596(9), b = 15.1363(19), c = 11.1603(13) , b = 97.915(5)o, C14H18N2Pb2I6, Mr = 1390.10, V = 1382.0(3) 3, Z = 2, Dc = 3.341 g/cm3, m(MoKa) = 18.870 mm-1, F(000) = 1196, the final R = 0.0420 and wR = 0.0921 for 2156 observed reflections with I > 2s(I). The title compound consists of cations ([C14H18N2]2+ ) and anion chain ([Pb2I62]n) which are combined by static attractive forces in the crystal.

Partial pore blockage and polymer chain rigidification phenomena in PEO/ZIF-8 mixed matrix membranes synthesized by in situ polymerization

Nanostructured zeolitic imidazolate frameworks(ZIF-8) was incorporated into the mixture of poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether acrylate(PEGMEA) and pentaerythritol triacrylate(PETA) to synthesize mixed matrix membranes(MMMs) by in situ polymerization for CO_2/CH_4 separation. The solvent-free polymerization between PEGMEA and PETA was induced by UV light with 1-hydroxylcyclohexyl phenyl ketone as initiator. The chemical structural characterization was performed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The morphology was characterized by scanning electron microscope. The average chain-to-chain distance of the polymer chains in MMMs was investigated by X-ray diffraction. The thermal property was evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry. The CH_4 and CO_2 gas transport properties of MMMs are reported. The relationship between gas permeation–separation performances or physical properties and ZIF-8 loading is also discussed. However, the permeation–separation performance was not improved in Robeson upper bound plot compared with original polymer membrane as predicted. The significant partial pore blockage and polymer rigidification effect around the ZIFs confirmed by the increase in glass temperature and the decrease in the d-spacing, were mainly responsible for the failure in performance improvement, which offset the high diffusion induced by porous ZIF-8.

Conductometric sensor based on oxytetracycline imprinted polymer membrane

A conductometric sensor sensitive to oxytetracycline hydrochloride （OTC.HCI） was developed on the basis of utilizing OTC.HCl imprinted polymer, synthesized under the optimized conditions by using non-covalent imprinted technology with OTC.HCl as a template, MAA as a functional monomer, and EGDMA as a cross-linker, which were the composition of the sensing membrane. The responses increased linearly with the increase of OTC.HCl concentration in the range of 0.99-12.0 μM. The response mechanism of the sensor was also discussed.

A WATER-COMPATIBLE PHENOLIC HYDROXYL MODIFIED POLYSTYRENE AS AN ADSORBENT FOR ADSORBING PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS

A water-compatible phenolic hydroxyl modified polystyrene adsorbent (AM-1) for adsorbing and removing phenolic compounds from aqueous solutions was prepared by covalent bonding of phenolic hydroxyl groups to the surface of porous polystyrene-divinylbenzene beads, this resin can be used directly without wetting process. A comparison of the sorption properties of the new resin and Amberlite XAD-4 toward four phenolic compounds, phenol, p-cresol, p-chlorophenol, and p-nitrophenol was made. The capacities of equilibrium adsorption of AM-1 for all four phenolic compounds increased around 20% over that of Amberlite XAD-4, which may be contributed to phenol hydroxyl group on the surface and the unusual pore distribution. At their dilute solution, the equilibrium adsorption capacities of AM-1 for phenol increased about 62% over that of Amberlite XAD-4, while equilibrium adsorption capacities of the other three phenolic compounds increased 4-35%, suggesting an advantage of AM-1 over Amberlite XAD-4 in the collection of phenol. Freundlich isotherm equations and isosteric adsorption enthalpies for the four phenolic compounds indicate a physical adsorption process on the Amberlite XAD-4 and AM-1 resins. Column studies for phenol show that AM-1 resin has excellent adsorption and desorption performance.

SYNTHESIS OF A COMB GRAFT COPOLYMER VIA RING OPENING METATHESIS POLYMERIZATION CATALYZED BY SUPPORTED RHUTHENIUM CARBENE COMPLEX

Chloromethyl-2-norbornene was synthesized via Diels-Alder reaction of cyclopentadiene and allyl chloride using a polymer supported boron trifluoride as the catalyst, and was then lithiated and used to initiate a living anionic polymerization of styrene to prepare a macromonome, 5-polystyryl-2-norbornene NBPS. Comb graft copolymer PNBgPS was synthesized via ring opening metathesis polymerization of the macromonomer under the catalysis of ruthenium carbene complex RuCl2(PPh3)2(=CCHtBu) and its polymer supported correspondent. Experimental results showed that the behavior of both the supported boron and supported ruthenium catalysts are superior to their unsupported counterparts. The possible promotion mechanism of the tailor-made supports is discussed.

Study of Biofilm Formed by Lactic Acid Bacteria on the Surface of Mild Steel

Biocorrosion processes at metal surfaces are associated with microorganisms, or the products of their metabolic activities including enzymes, exopolymers, organic and inorganic acids, as well as volatile compounds such as ammonia or hydrogen sulfde. It was proved that strain Lactobacillus delbrueckii B5 constituted biofilms in the presence of different amounts of carbohydrates （5% sucrose and a mixture of 5% lactose, 5% fructose and 5% maltose）. The obtained information was used in a study treating the anticorrosive properties of microbial biofilms synthesized by the latter strain. The study of the corrosive stability of steel samples was conducted on the gravimetrique method. The rate of corrosion, calculated. The structure of layer over steel plates was analyzed by the degree of protection, and coefficient of protection has been Scanning Electron Microscopy （SEM） JSM 5510.

CHARACTERIZATION OF RADIATION GRAFT COPOLYMER OF INORGANIC COMPOUND ONTO ALKENE

In this paper, the radiation graft copolymer of MgO, SiO2 and-Y- molecularsieve onto organic compounds, such as methacrylate, styrene and acrylonitrile obtained by per-rndiation method were characterized by X- ray diffraction, pyrolysis gas chromatography, GPC and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.

ADSORPTION OF PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS ONTO THE SPHERICAL MACROPOROUS ADSORBENT BASED ON UREA-FORMALDEHYDE CONDENSED POLYMER

Absorption of phenol, catechol and resorcinol. which vary in their ability to interact with the adsorbent through hydrogen bond, were used to investigate the adsorption mechanistic interaction. The adsorption enthalpies of the above mentioned compound onto the adsorbent were calculated and thermodynamic analysis was carried out. The results showed the adsorbent with the lowest adsorption enthalpies for the sorbate such as catechol with intermolecular hydrogen bond also display the lowest adsorption affinity On the other hand the more of the groups available for hydrogen bond interaction. the higher of the adsorption affinity These observations support the contention that phenol adsorption is driven predominantly by specific interaction of the solute with active sites on the surface of the adsorbent.

Removal of Thiophenic Sulfur Compounds from Oil Using Chlorinated Polymers and Lewis Acid Mixture via Adsorption and Friedel-Crafts Alkylation Reaction

For efficient removal of thiophenic sulfur （S-） compounds from oils, a novel method is proposed here, i.e. one-pot alkylation desulfurization （OADS）, in which oil insoluble chlorinated polymer such as polyvinyl chlo- ride （PVC） is used as the alkylating regent with Lewis acid as catalyst. The aromatic S-compounds are grafted to the polymer through Friedel-Crafts reaction and removed facilely along with the polymer. The OADS mechanism is identified by scanning electron microscope and analyzer with surface area and pore size of the polymer. The influ- ence of some factors on the OADS is studied, e.g. the type and amount of chlorinated polymers and Lewis acids. It is nroved that thionhene and benzothioDhene can be removed efficiently from oil by PVC＋AlCl3 mixture even in the presence of 25% （by mass） of benzene due to the synergetic effects of the adsorptive desulfurization of AlCl3 and the alkylation desulfurization of PVC.

Design of Fe （Ⅲ） and Hg （Ⅱ） Ion Selective Electrodes

Principally the basis of ISE is selecting of a support solid matrix and a nonsoluble compound or complexes of insighted cation, mixed with this solid. For preparing the ISE membranes there are some materials such PVC, PE, organic polyelectrolytes, conducting polymers and inorganic compounds. The black white microscope photos are included, too. Detailed schemes and pictures of the electrodes and correlations were shown in the following article. Results are seen compatible for construction of the versatile ISE electrodes.

Two terpenoids and a polyketide from the endophytic fungus Trichoderma sp. Xy24 isolated from mangrove plant Xylocarpus granatum

Three known compounds were isolated from the endophytic fungus Trichoderma sp Xy24 from a mangrove plant Xylocarpus granatum by using various column chromatography techniques. Their structures were identified as harzianone （1）, trichoacorenol （2）, and trichodimerol （3） by extensive spectroscopic analysis. Among them, 1 was a harziane diterpene, 2 was a sesquiterpene alcohol, and 3 was a polyketide with a completely symmetric configuration. Compound 3 exhibited medium inhibitory activity with an IC50 value of 74.6 μM using a NA （H7N9）/MUNANA model.