This review focuses on the application of process engineering in electrochemical energy conversion and storage devices innovation. For polymer electrolyte based devices, it highlights that a strategic simple switch fr...This review focuses on the application of process engineering in electrochemical energy conversion and storage devices innovation. For polymer electrolyte based devices, it highlights that a strategic simple switch from proton exchange membranes(PEMs) to hydroxide exchange membranes(HEMs) may lead to a new-generation of affordable electrochemical energy devices including fuel cells, electrolyzers, and solar hydrogen generators. For lithium-ion batteries, a series of advancements in design and chemistry are required for electric vehicle and energy storage applications. Manufacturing process development and optimization of the LiF eP O_4/C cathode materials and several emerging novel anode materials are also discussed using the authors' work as examples.Design and manufacturing process of lithium-ion battery electrodes are introduced in detail, and modeling and optimization of large-scale lithium-ion batteries are also presented. Electrochemical energy materials and device innovations can be further prompted by better understanding of the fundamental transport phenomena involved in unit operations.展开更多
Molecularly imprinted polymers are generated by curing a cross-linked polymer in the presence of a template. During the curing process, noncovalent bonds form between the polymer and the template. The interaction site...Molecularly imprinted polymers are generated by curing a cross-linked polymer in the presence of a template. During the curing process, noncovalent bonds form between the polymer and the template. The interaction sites for the noncovalent bonds become "frozen" in the cross-linking polymer and maintain their shape even after the template is removed. The resulting cavities reproduce the size and shape of the template and can selectively reincorporate the template when a mixture containing it flows over the imprinted surface. In the last few decades the field of molecular imprinting has evolved from being able to selectively capture only small molecules to dealing with all kinds of samples. Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) have been generated for analytes as diverse as metal ions, drug molecules, environmental pollutants, proteins and viruses to entire cells. We review here the relatively new field of surface imprinting, which creates imprints of large, biologically relevant templates. The traditional bulk imprinting, where a template is simply added to a prepolymer before curing, cannot be applied if the analyte is too large to diffuse from the cured polymer. Special methods must be used to generate binding sites only on a surface. Those techniques have solved crucial problems in separation science as well as chemical and biochemical sensing. The implementation of imprinted polymers into microfluidic chips has greatly improved the applicability of microfluidics. We present the latest advances and different approaches of surface imprinting and their applications for microfluidic devices.展开更多
Stimulus-responsive energy storage devices,which can respond to external stimuli,such as heat,pH,moisture,pressure,or electric field,have recently attracted intensive attention,aiming at the ever-increasing demand for...Stimulus-responsive energy storage devices,which can respond to external stimuli,such as heat,pH,moisture,pressure,or electric field,have recently attracted intensive attention,aiming at the ever-increasing demand for safe batteries and smart electronics.The most typical stimulus-responsive materials are polymers that can change their conformation by forming and destroying secondary forces,including hydrogen bonds and electrostatic interactions in response to external stimuli,accompanied by changes in the intrinsic properties such as conductivity and hydrophobicity.Although the applications of stimulus-responsive functions in rechargeable batteries are still in the early stage because of the complexity and compatibility of battery architectures,many new concepts of regulating the polymer structures upon applications of stimuli have already been developed.In this review,we discuss the recent progress of stimulus-responsive polymers on energy storage devices featuring thermal protection and intelligent scenarios,with a focus on the detailed structural transformations of polymers under a given stimulus and the corresponding changes in battery performance.Finally,we present perspectives on the current limitations and future research directions of stimulus-responsive polymers for energy storage devices.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(2014CB239703)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21336003)the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(14DZ2250800)
文摘This review focuses on the application of process engineering in electrochemical energy conversion and storage devices innovation. For polymer electrolyte based devices, it highlights that a strategic simple switch from proton exchange membranes(PEMs) to hydroxide exchange membranes(HEMs) may lead to a new-generation of affordable electrochemical energy devices including fuel cells, electrolyzers, and solar hydrogen generators. For lithium-ion batteries, a series of advancements in design and chemistry are required for electric vehicle and energy storage applications. Manufacturing process development and optimization of the LiF eP O_4/C cathode materials and several emerging novel anode materials are also discussed using the authors' work as examples.Design and manufacturing process of lithium-ion battery electrodes are introduced in detail, and modeling and optimization of large-scale lithium-ion batteries are also presented. Electrochemical energy materials and device innovations can be further prompted by better understanding of the fundamental transport phenomena involved in unit operations.
文摘Molecularly imprinted polymers are generated by curing a cross-linked polymer in the presence of a template. During the curing process, noncovalent bonds form between the polymer and the template. The interaction sites for the noncovalent bonds become "frozen" in the cross-linking polymer and maintain their shape even after the template is removed. The resulting cavities reproduce the size and shape of the template and can selectively reincorporate the template when a mixture containing it flows over the imprinted surface. In the last few decades the field of molecular imprinting has evolved from being able to selectively capture only small molecules to dealing with all kinds of samples. Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) have been generated for analytes as diverse as metal ions, drug molecules, environmental pollutants, proteins and viruses to entire cells. We review here the relatively new field of surface imprinting, which creates imprints of large, biologically relevant templates. The traditional bulk imprinting, where a template is simply added to a prepolymer before curing, cannot be applied if the analyte is too large to diffuse from the cured polymer. Special methods must be used to generate binding sites only on a surface. Those techniques have solved crucial problems in separation science as well as chemical and biochemical sensing. The implementation of imprinted polymers into microfluidic chips has greatly improved the applicability of microfluidics. We present the latest advances and different approaches of surface imprinting and their applications for microfluidic devices.
基金financially supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2017YFE0127600)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA22010600)+4 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21975271)the Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province(2020B090919005)Shandong Natural Science Foundation(ZR2020ZD07 and ZR2021QB106)the financial support from the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of CAS(2019214)Shandong Energy Institute(SEI 1202127)。
文摘Stimulus-responsive energy storage devices,which can respond to external stimuli,such as heat,pH,moisture,pressure,or electric field,have recently attracted intensive attention,aiming at the ever-increasing demand for safe batteries and smart electronics.The most typical stimulus-responsive materials are polymers that can change their conformation by forming and destroying secondary forces,including hydrogen bonds and electrostatic interactions in response to external stimuli,accompanied by changes in the intrinsic properties such as conductivity and hydrophobicity.Although the applications of stimulus-responsive functions in rechargeable batteries are still in the early stage because of the complexity and compatibility of battery architectures,many new concepts of regulating the polymer structures upon applications of stimuli have already been developed.In this review,we discuss the recent progress of stimulus-responsive polymers on energy storage devices featuring thermal protection and intelligent scenarios,with a focus on the detailed structural transformations of polymers under a given stimulus and the corresponding changes in battery performance.Finally,we present perspectives on the current limitations and future research directions of stimulus-responsive polymers for energy storage devices.
