Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is a devastating disease with a poor prognosis regardless of stage. To date the mainstay of therapy for advanced disease has been chemotherapy with little incremental im-provements in ...Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is a devastating disease with a poor prognosis regardless of stage. To date the mainstay of therapy for advanced disease has been chemotherapy with little incremental im-provements in outcome. Despite extensive research investigating new treatment options the current practices continue to utilise fluorouracil or gemcitabine containing combinations. The need for novel the-rapeutic approaches is mandated by the ongoing poor survival rates associated with this disease. One such approach may include manipulation of ribosome biogenesis and the nucleolar stress response, which has recently been applied to haematological malignancies such as lymphoma and prostate cancer with promising results. This review will focus on the current therapeutic options for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and the complexities associated with developing novel treatments, with a particular emphasis on the role of the nucleolus as a treatment strategy.展开更多
Cationic polymerization of styrene has been achieved using several novel acidic initiators in room temperature ionic liquids (ILs) under mild reaction conditions to obtain polymers of low molecular weight with narrow ...Cationic polymerization of styrene has been achieved using several novel acidic initiators in room temperature ionic liquids (ILs) under mild reaction conditions to obtain polymers of low molecular weight with narrow polydispersity. Both strong protic acids such as bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl) amide acid (HTFSA) and a moderately weak acid such as bisoxalato phosphorous acid (HBOP) have been studied as initiators. It has been observed that HTFSA initiates the polymerization rapidly even at room temperature and below, as compared to HBOP which produces a slower polymerization requiring elevated temperatures to complete. The relative difference in reactivity of the initiators as compared to the previously described HBOB initiator is discussed in terms of the difference in their proton acidity and the consequential basicity of the anions. The efficiency of different ILs as the reaction solvent is also presented.展开更多
Coordination polymeric solid, {[Ag 2 (bpp) 2 (H 2 O) 2 ](chd)·9H 2 O} n (1) (bpp = 1,3-bis(4-pyridyl) propane, H 2 chd = 1,4-cyclo-hexanedicarboxylic acid), has been obtained by the solution phase ultrasonic synt...Coordination polymeric solid, {[Ag 2 (bpp) 2 (H 2 O) 2 ](chd)·9H 2 O} n (1) (bpp = 1,3-bis(4-pyridyl) propane, H 2 chd = 1,4-cyclo-hexanedicarboxylic acid), has been obtained by the solution phase ultrasonic synthesis techniques. The structure established through X-ray structural analysis shows that the compound traps an interesting 1D water tape built by the alternating "three-pointed star" cage-like pentameric and D 2h tetrameric clusters (C2/c, Z = 4; a = 30.37(2) , b = 9.271(5) , and c = 18.89(1) ; β = 128.47°; V = 4164(4) 3 ). The novelty of the present complex is the rarely crystallographic example of the cage-shaped water pentamer, which is usually ascribed to a less-stable species. A first-principle density functional theory (DFT) calculation demonstrates that the interconnectivity between cage-like pentamers and D 2h tetramers is beneficial for contribution to the structural stabilization of these less-stable water cluster species.展开更多
文摘Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is a devastating disease with a poor prognosis regardless of stage. To date the mainstay of therapy for advanced disease has been chemotherapy with little incremental im-provements in outcome. Despite extensive research investigating new treatment options the current practices continue to utilise fluorouracil or gemcitabine containing combinations. The need for novel the-rapeutic approaches is mandated by the ongoing poor survival rates associated with this disease. One such approach may include manipulation of ribosome biogenesis and the nucleolar stress response, which has recently been applied to haematological malignancies such as lymphoma and prostate cancer with promising results. This review will focus on the current therapeutic options for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and the complexities associated with developing novel treatments, with a particular emphasis on the role of the nucleolus as a treatment strategy.
文摘Cationic polymerization of styrene has been achieved using several novel acidic initiators in room temperature ionic liquids (ILs) under mild reaction conditions to obtain polymers of low molecular weight with narrow polydispersity. Both strong protic acids such as bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl) amide acid (HTFSA) and a moderately weak acid such as bisoxalato phosphorous acid (HBOP) have been studied as initiators. It has been observed that HTFSA initiates the polymerization rapidly even at room temperature and below, as compared to HBOP which produces a slower polymerization requiring elevated temperatures to complete. The relative difference in reactivity of the initiators as compared to the previously described HBOB initiator is discussed in terms of the difference in their proton acidity and the consequential basicity of the anions. The efficiency of different ILs as the reaction solvent is also presented.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (50971063)the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province (2003F006, 2010J01042, 2011J01047)+1 种基金the Scientific Research Foundation for the Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars, State Education Ministry of Chinathe Startup Package Funding of Huaqiao University (10BS210) for supporting
文摘Coordination polymeric solid, {[Ag 2 (bpp) 2 (H 2 O) 2 ](chd)·9H 2 O} n (1) (bpp = 1,3-bis(4-pyridyl) propane, H 2 chd = 1,4-cyclo-hexanedicarboxylic acid), has been obtained by the solution phase ultrasonic synthesis techniques. The structure established through X-ray structural analysis shows that the compound traps an interesting 1D water tape built by the alternating "three-pointed star" cage-like pentameric and D 2h tetrameric clusters (C2/c, Z = 4; a = 30.37(2) , b = 9.271(5) , and c = 18.89(1) ; β = 128.47°; V = 4164(4) 3 ). The novelty of the present complex is the rarely crystallographic example of the cage-shaped water pentamer, which is usually ascribed to a less-stable species. A first-principle density functional theory (DFT) calculation demonstrates that the interconnectivity between cage-like pentamers and D 2h tetramers is beneficial for contribution to the structural stabilization of these less-stable water cluster species.
