广州亚美聚酯有限公司PET装置及运行情况

介绍了亚美公司的杜邦聚酯生产线在装置、设备和工艺等方面的特点，生产过程中的运行情况、日常维护、停产检修、开停车工作，产量或原材料变化时工艺调整等方面的总结。

PC/RPET共混合金的研究

采用回收聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯(PET)增粘以及加入增韧剂的方法,通过一步法熔融共混挤出得到了具有良好力学性能的聚碳酸酯/回收PET(PC/RPET)合金。通过适当地增粘RPET以及合适地选择增韧剂,只需加入2.5％(质量)的增韧剂就可以得到力学性能与纯PC工程塑料相当的PC/RPET共混合金,同时成本比纯PC大幅度下降。

PTA装置溶剂脱水塔浅析

扬子石化公司化工厂精对苯二甲酸（ＰＴＡ）装置溶剂脱水塔（ＨＴ７０１）在氧化单元高负荷运行时存在工艺指标不合格的问题，严重影响了粗对苯二甲酸（ＴＡ）的产量和质量。从氧化单元正常运行和母液回收系统故障两种工况出发，结合氧化降温改造设计和生产实际运行状况，对溶剂脱水塔进出料情况进行分析，并用美国精馏协会提供的筛板塔计算软件（ＦＲＩＶｅｒ５．０）核算，找出了该塔工艺指标严重超标的原因，１９９６年大修后生产运行结果表明，改进的脱水塔完全达标。

热电作用下PET结晶结构的转变及其性能研究

本文采用热分析(DSC)和X-射线衍射(WAXD)等方法对热电处理的PET试样进行研究。实验结果表明:在Tg以上低温区热电处理时,随着温度增加Tcc线性地移向高温,结晶热(△Hm-△Hcc)增加。在熔点以下高温区热电处理时,产生多阶晶体,出现多个熔融峰,且总的熔化热降低。

PTA装置空压机空气入口过滤器改造

仪化ＰＴＡ装置对空压机空气入口过滤器进行了改造，增设了易更换且价廉的初滤层，使大部分的灰尘阻遏在初滤层上，大大延长了内部滤芯的使用寿命和周期，节省了大量资金，且生产稳定。

连续长玻纤增强PBT复合材料的制备及性能研究

通过自制的浸渍挤出机头制备了连续长玻纤增强聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯（PBT）复合材料，讨论了生产工艺、玻纤含量、玻纤分布等对复合材料性能的影响。结果表明，复合材料合适加工温度是240～260℃；与传统玻纤增强PBT相比，连续长玻纤增强PBT复合材料中玻纤平均长度增加，复合材料的综合性能有提高；连续长玻纤含量越高，复合材料综合性能越好，当玻纤质量分数从20％增加到50％时，复合材料强度、模量增加1倍左右．热变形温度达到234℃，同时粒子和试样表面也变得粗糙。

外环吹风直纺260dtex/288f涤纶POY生产工艺

采用特性黏数为0.645 dL/g的半消光聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)熔体直接纺丝,探讨了260 dt-ex/288 f涤纶预取向丝(POY)生产工艺。结果表明:选择外环吹风冷却系统,喷丝板孔径为0.15 mm,孔排列为圆形分布,熔体温度为273～274℃,双油嘴上油,油嘴高度为800 mm,缓冷区高度45 mm,环吹风筒长度16 cm,风压35 Pa,生产出的260 dtex/288 f涤纶POY,条干不匀率为0.96%,断裂伸长率为127%～130%,断裂伸长CV值为1.97%,质量满足后道加工要求。

IN-SITU POLYMERIZED SYNTHESIS AND PROPERTIES OF NANO-ZnO/PEG/PET COMPOSITE

Nano-ZnO particle （nZnOp） reinforced polyethylene glycol （PEG）/polyethylene terephthalate （PET） （nZnOp/PEG/PET） copolymeric composites with different mass fractions and molecular weights of PEG are synthesized via in-situ polymerization. The dispersion of nZnOp in copolymer matrixes and the effects of PEG and nZnOp particles on the crystallization behavior of the composites are studied by TEM, differential scanning calorimetry（DSC）, XRD and Fourier thansform infrared spectroscopy （FTIR ）. The results reveal that nZnOp particles are dispersed in the matrixes with nano-scale, and the addition of PEG induces more homogeneous dispersion of nZnOp. Simultaneously, these nanoparticles become nucleating centers during the crystallization of the matrixes. PEG segments can improve the flexibility of the PET molecular chain, resulting in the drop of the cold crystallization temperature and the rise of the crystallization rate of the composites. Furthermore, PEG （4 000） with the mass fraction of 10% can promote the crystallization rate of the composites. The mechanical properties show that the nano-particles strengthen and toughen the PET matrix, whereas PEG weakens these improve- ments.

Simultaneous Synthesis of Dimethyl Carbonate and Poly（ethylene terephthalate） Using Alkali Metals as Catalysts

Dimethyl carbonate （DMC） and poly（ethylene terephthalate） was simultaneously synthesized by the transesterification of ethylene carbonate （EC） with dimethyl terephthalate （DMT） in this paper. This reaction is an excellent green chemical process without poisonous substance. Various alkali metals were used as the catalysts. The results showed alkali metals had catalytic activity in a certain extent. The effect of reaction condition was also studied. When the reaction was carded out under the following conditions： the reaction temperature 250℃, molar ratio of EC to DMT 3 ： 1, reaction time 3h, and catalyst amount 0.004 （molar ratio to DMT）, the yield of DMC was 68.9%.

Alkylpolyglycoside inducing poly (butylene terephthalate) non-woven graft copolymerization of chitosan

In order to improve the wettability and biocompatibility of the poly （butylene terephthalate） non-woven （PBTNW）, the method of surface modification is used to graft copolymerization of chitosan （CS） onto the PBTNW under alkylpolyglycoside （APG） inducing. The product is thoroughly characterized with the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy （FrIR）, the electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis （ESCA）, the thermogravimetric （TG） and the scanning electron microscopy （SEM）. It is found that chitosan is successfully grafted onto PBTNW. In addition, the water contact angles, hemolysis tests and cytotoxicity evaluation tests show an improvement in wettability and biocompatihility as a result of graft copolymerization of chitosan. So the CS-grafted PBTNW exhibits greater superiority than the original PBTNW. The CS-grafted PBTNW can be a candidate for blood filter materials and other medical applications.

Nonisothermal Crystallization Kinetics of Poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) Copolyester

Nonisothermal crystallization behavior of poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate)(PBAT) synthesized via direct esterification and polycondensation reactions was investigated by the differential scanning calorimetry(DSC).The Avrami equation modified by Jeziorny and the Z.S.Mo equation were employed to describe the non-isothermal crystallization kinetics of copolyester samples.The test results showed that the Avrami equation was successful in describing nonisothermal crystallization process of PBAT copolyesters.PBAT copolyester could give birth to secondary crystallization.The crystallization parameter(Zc) increased with an increasing cooling rate and the Avrami exponent(n) was around 2.3.For a given cooling rate,the value of Zc demonstrated a sagging trend with an increase in adipic acid(AA) content.The equation proposed by Z.S.Mo was successful in describing the nonisothermal crystallization kinetics of PBAT copolyesters.

Preparation and Properties of a New Type of Poly(butylene-terephthalate)with Layered Silicate Nanocomposites

In this paper, poly(butylene-terephthalate)-layered silicate of clay nanocomposites (NPBT) are reported. Their thermal properties, heat distortion temperature (HDT) and crystallization nucleation are investigated. NPBT samples have apparent viscosity over 0.85, HDT of 30℃ to 50℃ higher than that of poly (butylene-terephthalate) (PBT) for clay load from 1.0% to 10.0% (by mass), and higher capability to accommodate clay than other polymers. The nonisothermal crystallization experiments indicate that the better thermal degradation behavior and crystallization rate of NPBT are 50% higher than PBT, and its injection mould processing temperature is lowered from 110℃ to 55℃. NPBT samples are characterized by several techniques. X-ray shows an original clay interlayer distance enlarged from 1.0 nm to 2.5 nm, while both TBM and AFM indicate an average size from 30nm to lOOnm of exfoliated clay layers, and 3%(by mass) of particle agglomeration being phase separated from PBT matrix, which are factors on some mechanical properties decrease of NPBT. The disappearance of spherulitic morphology in NPBT resulted from layers nucleation is detected. Improving NPBT properties by treating clay with long chain organic reagent and controlling the way to load it is suggested.

Mechariical and Abrasion Properties of Polyethylene Terephthalate Films Coated with SiO2/Epoxy Hybrid Material

Hybrid materials were prepared using a silane coupling agent, tetraethoxysilane （ TEOS ） as the precursor, dilute hydrochloric acid as the catalyst, and epoxy as the matrices. The films coated with hybrid materials were expected to improve abrasion resistance and mechanical properties. The morphology, mechanical properties, adhesion, and abrasion resistance of the polyethylene terephthalate （PET） films were characterized using an atomic force microscope, a tensile testing machine, a bagger knife, and a reciprocating fabric abrasion tester. The result of research indicated that the modification significantly affected the abrasion resistance and roughness. The-tensile strength and abrasion resistance of the modified PET films increased by 40% and 50% respectively at 3 % TEOS mass fraction.

Properties of Surface Cyclic Oligomers Present on Polyester Fiber

The effects of different treatments, such as dry heat,wet heat, solvent vapor and ultrasonic, on propertiesof the cyclic oligomers on the surface of polyester fiberare studied. The components of surface oligomers areanalyzed through Thin-Layer Chromatograph. Theresult shows that: all of the treatment, especially solvent vapor treatment,call significantly increase the content of surface cyclic oligomers.The content of cyclic triIner is increased more considerably than other oligomers. Moreover,the morphology and thedistribution of surface cyclic oligomers are also different from different treatments:Dry heat and wet heat cause larger polygonal solids distributed evenly on the surface of fiber;solvent vapor nlakes fiber surface exhibit irregular rodlike crystal shapes randomly;ultrasonic treatment induces some obscureand smaller deposi^on the surface of fiber.

Dynamics Model and Simulation of Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Hollow Fiber

On the basis of melt-spinning, the dynamics model of polyethylene terephthalate （PET） hollow fiber is established. The effects of spinning conditions on hollow ratio are discussed and verified. Because of the different quenching conditions, there exist differences of the hollow ratio and the vitrification distances between different cycles. The important role of the quenching conditions on the meltspinning of PEr hollow fiber is also mentioned.

Study on the Synthesis and Properties of PET Using Hydrotalcite as Catalyst

Poly(ethylene terephthalate)(PET)was synthesized by the in-situ polymerization method using layered double hydrotalcite(LDH)as the catalyst,and the thermal and flame retardation properties of PET were investigated as required.As identified by differential scanning calorimetry(DSC)and thermogravimetric(TGA)analysis,the crystallization rate and thermal degradation temperature of the as-prepared PET sample were enhanced compared with commercial PET sample.It was confirmed from the fire-resistant property study that the LDH can be used as an efficient flame-retardant besides functioning as a catalyst in the transesterification/polycondensation process for PET synthesis.

An agent-based service-oriented integration architecture for chemical process automation

In reality, traditional process control system built upon centralized and hierarchical structures presents a weak response to change and is easy to shut down by single failure. Aiming at these problems, a new agent-based service-oriented integration architecture was proposed for chemical process automation system. Web services were dynamically orchestrated on the internet and agent behaviors were built in them. Data analysis, model, optimization, control, fault diagnosis and so on were capsuled into different web services. Agents were used for service compositions by negotiation. A prototype system of poly(ethylene terephthalate) process automation was used as the case study to demonstrate the validation of the integration.

Screening of Polymer Additives in Drinking Water Stored in PET Bottles by UHPLC-ESI-IT-TOF MS

In this study, Ultra High Performance Electrospray Ionization Ion Trap Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry （UHPLC-ESI-1T-TOF MS） method is used to screen the polymer additives in drinking water that is stored in Polyethylene Terephthalate （PET） bottles. After directly analyzing the commercially available water samples, 3 polymer additives （chimassorb 81, irgafos 168 and oleamide） were detected. However, after exposure to sunshine for 8 days, two additional polymer additives （antioxidant 2246 and Butylated Hydroxytoluene （BHT）） were detected besides the former three additives.

Solar Oxidation and Removal of Arsenic from Groundwater Utilizing a Semicircular Section Tubular Photoreactor

A semicircular section tubular photoreactor has been constructed, characterized and applied to the treatment of groundwater contaminated with As（V） by means of the SORAS （solar oxidation and removal of arsenic） technique, using ferrous and citrate salts. The solar concentrator was built with recyclable waste materials： glass tubes from fluorescent lamps and 6-inch diameter PVC pipes cut in half and covered by aluminum foil. The reactor concentrates solar radiation up to 2.8 times its natural intensity. Batch irradiation experiments followed by controlled agitation （shear rate = 30-33 s^-1; 20 min agitation period） showed that the photoreactor accelerates the formation of settleable floccules （Dp 〉 0.5mm）, compared with a fluorescent lamp glass tube alone and a 2 L PET （polyethylene terephthalate） bottle. Irradiation times necessary for floccule formation in the photoreactor, the fluorescent lamp tube and the PET bottle were 15 min, 25 min and 60 min, respectively. Continuous flow experiments using a photoreactor with a photo-collection area of 0.9 m^2 and a hydraulic retention time （equal to the irradiation time） of 15 rain showed that immediate formation of floccules of good settleability occurs when the solution is subjected to moderate agitation （33 s^-1）. An efficiency of 98.36% for As（V） removal was obtained with a final concentration of 16.5 ktg/L in decanted waters. In accordance to these results, the photoreactor is able to treat approximately 130 L/m^2 within a 5-h period with UVA irradiation intensities of 50-70 W/mE.

Recycling Polyethylene Terephthalate （PET） Packaging as the Basis of Economic Projects and Solution of Social and Environmental Problems in Russia

In this article, based on the analysis of the current environmental situation in Russia and other countries, as well as of the problem of recycling plastic waste in the Russian Federation （RF）, the authors clearly show the effectiveness of investments in the processing of polymer debris on the example of polyethylene terephthalate （PET） waste （granulates, flakes）. In the frame of case study of social and environmental investment project on creating enterprise that will engage in collection, recycling, and sale of the consumer PET packaging in Russia, the authors demonstrate the economic feasibility of the creation of such kind of enterprises taking into account market conditions and the features of the existing system of taxation in Russia. The realization of the project will also help in solving environmental and social problems of large cities, in particular, will create more jobs （in terms of 6% of unemployment rate in the country）. The study also identifies the main obstacles in the way of waste recycling in Russia, and the recommendations for improvement of normative base of the industry are given.