聚民思想对中国古代抑商政策的影响

学界在研究中国古代抑商的原因时,往往将抑商和重农对立起来,因而难以揭示其真正原因。聚民是古代早期国家产生的重要条件,而商人经商积累财富亦能聚民,对统治者构成威胁,这是日益走向专制集权的统治者无法容忍的,因此商人受到政府的抑制也就在所难免。

中国尊师重教传统的文化因素探求

在中国历史的传统文化中,尊师重教历来为统治者所推崇,并成为政治机制中的一个重要环节。其中的文化因素在于学校通过教育聚拢民众及老师用自身典范影响民众,以此完成社会教化和思想灌输,最终达到思想控制之目的。

论泰州学派的民生思想——以王艮、颜钧、罗汝芳的欲望观为中心的考察

王艮的身本论为泰州学派的民生思想奠定了理论上的基础。作为泰州学派中的承前启后的人物,颜钧的“制欲非体仁”与“大遂以聚民欲”,发展了王艮的民生思想。泰州学派中官位最高的罗汝芳把王艮的民生思想付诸在任上。从王艮始,泰州学派就对王阳明“存理灭欲”禁欲主义依违其间,颜钧以“大遂以聚民欲”为其理想社会的所寄,罗汝芳以“向民所欲”的担当精神作为施政方针。三人的民生思想虽有差别,但在关怀民生、满足人的欲望上是一致的。如何看待人的欲望是泰州学派民生思想的核心,是泰州学派让王阳明心学出现“风行天下”与“渐失其传”的缘由。日益增长的民生需求如何在社会许可的情况下得到最大程度的满足是古今中外思想家永恒探索的命题。泰州学派以欲望观为核心的民生思想的合理性是毋庸置疑的。

Revisionary Reconstructions of Urban Spaces＂ Claiming The Barrio as ＂Homely＂ Site in Nicholasa Mohr＇s Nilda

Although ghetto fiction is concerned with the geographical peripheries of white metropolis, its long-term strategy is to effect a radical restructuring of cityscape. This is not to state a criticism of neocolonial values upon which the city is built in opposition to the ghetto but rather of demonstrating the extent to which the white city and the ghetto are already deeply implicated within each other. In a ghetto novel, the white city is the subtext that we must recover, because history of ghetto formation itself is the subject of its discourse. Revaluation of the ghetto prepares us for later attempts to revive an urban and ＂ghettocentric＂ American identity. In contrast to some ghetto fiction where the ghetto is denounced as a place adverse to emancipatory ＂progress＂, Nicholasa Mohr＇s literary ghetto in Nilda （I 986） is not a narrative reinforcing the stereotypical representations of how racioethnic urban life and violent crime define each other. It is not, in other words, a location of unproblematic inherited identities but a place where orientations and identifications are negotiated.

Evaluation and classification of residential greenbelt quality based on factor analysis & clustering analysis:An example of Xinxiang City,China

Five factors expressing greenbelt quality and one factor expressing quantity were adopted for evaluation of the residential greenbelt, and the AHP （Analytical Hierarchy Process） method was used to determine the value of factors. Thirty residential areas were selected as the samples. Two principal components were extracted and their expression was constructed by method of factor anlysis, therefore, quality evaluation of residential greenbelt was obtained. The accuracy of the function and implement quality classification toward the residential greenbelts in Xinxiang City were validated by clustering analysis method. The results showed that the greenbelt quality of fourteen residential areas was higher than the average level, of which eleven were newly-built residential areas. The 30 residential areas were classified into three types according to their greenbelt features and their formation by clustering analysis method. Finally rational proposal basing on aforesaid evaluating results was proposed for construction and renewal of residential greenbelt, upon which directive basis was provided for construction and renewal of residential greenbelt.

Regional Developmental Problems of the Rural Settlements in Bosnia and Herzegovina

The paper considers developmental problems of the rural settlements in Bosnia and Herzegovina, which are results of long-term disparity in the regional development in the period 1991-2012. In this paper it is considered the recent migration from rural to urban areas and the depopulation of the rural areas. The result of these trends reflects the development of the new infrastructure and tertiary activities. In these investigations, statistical data processed and geovisualised in GIS were used. The obtained data indicate extremely unequable regional arrangement of the population in the rural areas and socio-economic development.

Artificial substrates preference for proliferation and immigration in Aurelia aurita(s. l.) polyps

The increasing amounts of artificial marine substrates, in many parts of the world have been proposed as a potential driver of Aurelia spp. blooms, on account of providing extra habitats for the settlement and the proliferation of the benthic stage(polyps). Previous experiments have mainly focused on the substrate choices of Aurelia spp. planulae. However, substrate preferences for the proliferation and immigration of polyps have not been reported. We monitored the propagation and immigration of Aurelia aurita(s. l.) polyps on two natural and nine artificial substrates at constant temperature(20±0.5°C) and salinity(30±0.5) in beakers and a glass aquarium in the laboratory, respectively. The results showed that, among artificial substrates, the highest number for polyp proliferation and immigration was found on nets, rigid polyvinyl chloride plates(RPVC), and wood. The lowest density of polyps was present on iron plates. Among natural substrates, the asexual reproduction rate of polyps on Patinopecten yessoensis(Jay, 1857) shells was significantly higher than Azumapecten farreri(Jones & Preston, 1904). On the account of the distinction in the roughness, chemical properties and biofilms of these material surfaces, bare artificial or natural substrates discriminatively affect the proliferation and the immigration of Aurelia spp. polyps at laboratory. These observations suggest that, even in the natural environment, different materials and texture may influence the composition and the abundance of the fouling communities and the assemblages of polyps and, indirectly, have effects on the amounts of released medusae.

The Evaluation System and Application of the Homestay Agglomeration Location Selection

The location of the homestay agglomeration is closely related to its proximity to the resources environment and the humanities and social environments. From the macroscopic and microscopic aspects, this study uses the analytic hierarchy process and the expert consultation method to construct a relatively comprehensive evaluation system including economic and environmental factors, tourism development factors, geographical environment factors, supporting facilities and operating conditions. The evaluation index system consists of 20 evaluation indexes and 35 evaluation factors. Taking the Baileqiao in Hangzhou and Qianjiadian Town in Beijing as examples, the evaluation indexes are verified and applied. The results show that the main factors affecting the location of the homestay agglomeration are the economic and environmental factors. The evaluation index system is composed of a target layer, a comprehensive evaluation layer, a factor evaluation layer and an index layer. The target layer takes reas on able locati on of the homestay agglomerati on as the overall objective;the comprehe nsive evaluati on layer includes economic and environ mental factors (0.4396), tourism development (0.3039), geographic and enviro mental factors (0.1405), and supporting facilities (0.0545). The comprehensive evaluation scores of Baileqiao and Qianjiadia n homestay agglomerations are 92.644 and 88.734, respectively, indicati ng that both are reas on able homestay sites. This study is helpful for promoting the understanding of the homestay agglomeration location selection and the development and construction of homestay agglomeration sites.