观照整体，聚焦局部——低年级写字教学基本思路及策略

汉字书写的质量体现了人的素养,写字教学是小学阶段语文教学的重要组成部分,指导学生写字尤其是指导低年级学生写字要讲究方法和策略。语文教师要遵循人的心理认知规律来指导学生写好字,首先从整体入手,抓汉字的外形特点和偏旁部首关系,再聚焦到汉字的部分,关注汉字的主笔画及起始笔画。如此指导书写,方能收到事半功倍的效果。

基于局部特征聚焦的方面级情感分析

现有方面级情感分析模型忽略了各词间句法关系且未能针对性地提取语义信息。为此,提出一种可聚焦局部上下文特征的方面级情感分析模型,其核心思想在于构建局部上下文加权邻接图和动态赋权方法,通过图卷积神经网络生成聚焦于局部上下文信息的方面词特征。具体地,首先采用局部上下文动态赋权方式增加局部上下文的关注度;其次,在提取句法依存关系的基础上为上下文各节点赋权,构建针对局部上下文赋权的邻接图;最后,由图卷积神经网络提取聚焦于局部上下文信息的方面词特征。在公开数据集上的实验结果表明,与ASGCN相比,提出模型在restaurant和laptop数据集中的宏F1值分别提高了1.76%和1.12%,经过局部上下文加权,聚焦局部特征所得信息有助于提高分类效果。

借力课后习题,让难文也能“浅”教

为了更好地引导教师的教和学生的学,编者在课文的课后习题设计上煞费苦心。这些课后习题不仅紧扣文本的表达内容,指向单元训练的语文要素,而且结合学生的具体学情,呈现出相同的体系化、层次化的编排逻辑。因此,教师只有精准解读课后习题的编排用意,才能够达到难文浅教的境界。

Minimally invasive local therapies for liver cancer

Primary and metastatic liver tumors are an increasing global health problem,with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)now being the third leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide.Systemic treatment options for HCC remain limited,with Sorafenib as the only prospectively validated agent shown to increase overall survival.Surgical resection and/or transplantation,locally ablative therapies and regional or locoregional therapies have filled the gap in liver tumor treatments,providing improved survival outcomes for both primary and metastatic tumors.Minimally invasive local therapies have an increasing role in the treatment of both primary and metastatic liver tumors.For patients with low volume disease,these therapies have now been established into consensus practice guidelines.This review highlights technical aspects and outcomes of commonly utilized,minimally invasive local therapies including laparoscopic liver resection(LLR),radiofrequency ablation(RFA),microwave ablation(MWA),high-intensity focused ultrasound(HIFU),irreversible electroporation(IRE),and stereotactic body radiation therapy(SBRT).In addition,the role of combination treatment strategies utilizing these minimally invasive techniques is reviewed.