催化层掺杂共价有机框架材料提升高温聚电解质膜燃料电池性能

基于磷酸掺杂聚苯并咪唑(PBI)高温聚电解质膜燃料电池(HT-PEMFC)具有环境耐受性好、水热管理简单等优点,被认为是未来PEMFC的发展方向。而减少其运行过程中磷酸电解质的流失是维持HT-PEMFC性能稳定性的关键因素。在本工作中,我们提出在电极催化层中引入一种席夫碱型(SNW-1)共价有机框架(COF)材料的策略来减少膜电极(MEA)中的磷酸流失,从而增强HT-PEMFC的耐久性。由于该COF材料中大量与磷酸分子匹配的微孔和特定的官能团结构,使其不仅拥有优越的磷酸保留能力,而且具有良好的质子传导能力,因此该HT-PEMFC在电池加速老化测试中展现出很好的稳定性。此外,发现在催化层中引入5%–10%的COF材料,可有效提高电极电化学活性面积并降低电池的欧姆内阻和电荷转移电阻,从而可进一步提高HT-PEMFC放电性能。在150℃、氢/空和常压操作条件下,工作电压0.6 V时催化层中添加10%COF材料的电池电流密度达到0.361 A·cm^(−2),较常规电池性能提升30%左右。该工作说明在催化层中掺杂适量COF材料有希望成为提升HT-PEMFC性能和耐久性的一种有效策略。

磷酸掺杂聚苯并咪唑高温膜燃料电池膜电极

基于磷酸掺杂聚苯并咪唑(PBI)高温膜燃料电池(HT-PEMFC)具有环境耐受性好、水热管理简单等优点,被认为是未来PEMFC发展的方向。作为HT-PEMFC的核心组件,膜电极对其性能、成本和寿命有着决定性影响。由于高温体系中磷酸电解质的存在,HT-PEMFC膜电极组分和特性与低温膜(如Nafion)燃料电池大不相同,同时还存在着铂用量高、磷酸流失以及高温带来的材料稳定性问题。本文综述了HT-PEMFC膜电极的构建、组分和结构优化方面的研究工作,概述了目前HT-PEMFC膜电极的研究趋势并展望了其未来发展方向,以期对后续先进HT-PEMFC膜电极研究开发提供有益借鉴。

Anti-flooding of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell with in-plate adverse-flow flow-field

The stoichiometric ratios and related regimes, which can promote anti-flooding of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell （PEMFC） with in-plate adverse-flow flow-field （IPAF）, were investigated. Two flow combinations, which are the simple and complex adverse-flow between plates （ABP） that can be realized by IPAF, were employed. Constant stoichiometric ratios examination indicates that the complex ABP could improve anti-flooding of PEMFC better in the medium （greater than 200 mA/cm2 and less than 1 000 mA/cm2） and high （greater than 1 000 mA/cm2） current densities than the simple ABP. More stoichiometric ratios were introduced to find the cathode critical stoichiometry. Under the condition of cathode critical stoichiometry, the maximal local relative humidity of both electrodes of complex ABP is equal to 100% and below while the anti-flooding of the cathode of simple ABP is not satisfactory in the medium and high current densities. Further study shows that the mechanism of fuel cell, which is the imerdependence between the electrodes effect, can make significant contribution to anti-flooding.

SYNTHESIS OF MPt/C (M=La, Nd) CATALYSTS BY MICROWAVE RADIATION

In this paper, MPt/C (M= La, Nd) catalysts of PEMFC were synthesized by microwave radiation process. The crystallinity and structure of catalysts were respectively analyzed by XRD and nitrogen adsorption tests. The activity of catalysts was investigated by electrochemistry experiment. The results showed that: 1) compared with Pt/C catalyst prepared by typical impregnation-reduction process, the size of MPt/C catalyst particle decreased and the available crystal for O2 reduction increased; 2) the MPt/C catalysts had relatively high BET surface areas; and 3)these crystal transformations of the MPt/C catalyst brought high the electrocatalytic activity, and as a result, improved the power of PEMFC.

Enhanced stability of Pt nanoparticle electrocatalysts for fuel cells

Although polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells （PEMFCs） have received broad attention due to their virtually zero emission, high power density, and high efficiency, at present the limited stability of the electrocatalysts used in PEMFCs is a critical limitation to their large-scale commercialization. As a type of popularly used electrocatalyst material, carbon black supported platinum （Pt/C）--although highly efficient--undergoes corrosion of carbon, Pt dissolution, Ostwald ripening, and aggregation of Pt nanoparticles （NPs） under harsh chemical and electro- chemical oxidation conditions, which results in performance degradation of the electrocatalysts. In order to overcome these disadvantages, many groups have tried to improve the carbon support materials on which Pt is loaded. It has been found that some novel carbon nanomaterials and noncarbon materials with high surface areas, sufficient anchoring sites, high electrical conductivities, and high oxidation resistance under the strongly oxidizing condition in PEMFCs are ideal alternative supports. This review highlights the following aspects： （i） Recent advances in using novel carbon nanomaterials and noncarbon support materials to enhance the long-term durability of electrocatalysts; （ii） solutions to improve the electrical conductivity, surface area, and the strong interaction between metal and supports; and （iii） the synergistic effects in hybrid supports which help improve the stability of electrocatalysts.

Graphene-supported platinum catalysts for fuel cells

Increasing concerns with non-renewable energy sources drive research and development of sustainable energy technology. Fuel cells have become a central part in solving challenges associated with energy conversion. This review summarizes recent development of catalysts used for fuel cells over the past 15 years. It is focused on polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells as an environmentally benign and feasible energy source. Graphene is used as a promising support material for Pt catalysts. It ensures high catalyst loading, good electro- catalysis and stability. Attention has been drawn to structural sensitivity of the catalysts, as well as polymetallic and nanos- tructured catalysts in order to improve the oxygen reduction reaction. Characterization methods including electrochemical, microscopic and spectroscopic techniques are summarized with an overview of the latest technological advances in the field. Future perspective is given in a form of Pt-free catalysts, such as microbial fuel cells for long-term development.