油水重力分离原理及聚结破乳机理初探

对油水重力分离的基本原理进行了阐述,并对油水乳状液聚结破乳机理进行了探讨。分析表明,从浅池原理和聚结原理入手,可对分离器的结构和聚结板的材料进行优化,以提高其流动特性以及分离性能;若有效地分离油水两相,必须施加外力场,使得坚固的界面膜削弱并破坏,促进其聚结破乳;应根据聚结破乳发生的条件对分离器的结构进行优化,以保证其具有优良的水力特性。

硝基苯乳液破乳分离技术研究

针对酸性硝基苯和粗硝基苯的高乳化特征,提出了分步分级的模块化聚结破乳工艺,设计并开展了处理量为100 L/h的实验。结果表明,该工艺可将酸性硝基苯中的酸质量分数由0.94 mg/g降至0.14 mg/g,脱酸率为85.1%;可将粗硝基苯中的水质量分数由1.06%降至0.13%、盐质量浓度由14.39 mg/L降至2.62 mg/L,脱水率和除盐率分别为87.7%和81.8%。该工艺解决了硝基苯乳液破乳难的问题,为硝基苯净化工艺的升级改造提供重要支撑。

海上油气田生产污水处理新技术应用分析

海上油气田在生产过程中,会产生大量含油污水。由于生产加药等因素的影响,油气田产出的污水水质很差。深水气田在生产中会加入甲醇、乙二醇等化学药剂,使产出污水水质较油田差,气田污水未经处理直接外排,会严重污染海洋环境。针对海洋油气田不同设施的生产污水水质差异,通过对生产污水除油的工艺方法进行研究,调研海域内生产污水处理工艺及效果,借鉴原油脱水中的电破乳技术,提出了一套新的应用电驱聚结破乳原理的生产污水处理工艺,并成功应用,使得外排生产污水含油量由0.003 0%下降至0.001 5%,极大地保护了海洋环境。

A NOVEL METHOD OF BREAKING WATER-IN-OIL EMULSIONS BY USING MICROPOROUS MEMBRANE

A novel method for breaking emulsions with microporous membranes is presented.A membrane would act as a coalescer if its pore size is smaller than the emulsion droplets and if the dispersed phase has great affinity to the membrane.It was observed that a hydrophilic membrane is able to break water in oil emulsions with high separation efficiency.Effects of the membrane pore size,membrane thickness,transmembrane pressure and emulsion composition on demulsification performance were investigated.It was found that the membrane pore size and transmembrane pressure affect demulsification performance remarkably while other factors have slight or almost no effect.