Immunomodulatory effect of pachymaran on cyclosporine A(CsA)-induced lung injury in mice

Objective To investigate the immunomodulatory effect of pachymaran on cyclosporine A(CsA)-induced lung injury in mice.Methods(i) Fifty male BALB/c mice were randomly divided into five groups(10 mice in each group): normal control(NC) group, 30, 45, and 60 mg/kg CsA groups, and lipopolysaccharide(LPS) group. Except for the NC group, other groups underwent CsA modeling. The NC group was treated with phosphate-buffered saline(PBS), the LPS group with 10 mg/kg LPS eight hours before mice euthanized, and the 30, 45, and 60 mg/kg CsA groups with corresponding doses of CsA for seven consecutive days. After treatment, the body and organ mass of each group were weighed, and the lung, thymus, and spleen indexes were calculated. Hematoxylin-Eosin(HE) staining was performed to observe histopathological changes in the lungs of the mice. The protein expression levels of interleukin(IL)-2 and IL-1β in the blood were detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA), and those of surfactant protein D(SP-D), IL-2, and IL-6 in lung tissues were detected by immunohistochemistry(IHC). The mRNA expression levels of SP-D, IL-1β, IL-6, and myeloperoxidase(MPO) in the lung tissues were detected by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction(q RT-PCR).(ii) Another 60 BALB/c mice were divided into six groups(10 mice in each group) : NC group,model control(MC) group, 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg pachymaran groups, and polyinosinicpolycytidylic acid [poly(I:C)] group. Except for the NC group, other groups underwent45 mg/kg CsA modeling. The NC and MC groups were treated with distilled water, the pachymaran groups with corresponding doses pachymaran, and the poly(I:C) group with 0.1 mg/kg poly(I:C) for seven days.The mice were euthanized to obtain tissues and serum for detection.Detection methods were identical to those described in(i) above.Results(i) CsA(30 mg/kg) increased the lung index of mice(P < 0.001), and decreased the spleen index(P < 0.01), thymus index(P < 0.05), and the serum level of IL-2(P < 0.05). CsA(45 mg/kg) decreased the spleen, thymus indexes, and the serum level of IL-2(P < 0.01) in mice, and increased the serum level of IL-1β(P < 0.05) and the protein level of lung SP-D(P <0.001). CsA(60 mg/kg) increased the lung index of mice(P < 0.01), the serum level of IL-1β(P < 0.05), the protein level of lung SP-D(P < 0.01), and the mRNA levels of lung MPO and SP-D( P < 0.05), and decreased the thymus index of mice(P < 0.01). HE staining showed that 30, 45, and60 mg/kg CsA, and LPS caused pathological changes in the lung tissue of mice.(ii) After pachymaran intervention in MC mice, the spleen and thymus indexes(P < 0.05) were increased in the 100 and 200 mg/kg pachymaran groups, and the lung index was decreased(P < 0.05).Moreover, 50 mg/kg pachymaran increased the thymus index(P < 0.05) and decreased the lung index(P < 0.01) in MC group. Pachymaran(50, 100, and 200 mg/kg) improved lung tissue injury, reduced the serum level of IL-1β(P < 0.001), and the mRNA levels of MPO and SPD in lung tissues(P < 0.05) of mice. Pachymaran(100 mg/kg) increased the protein level of lung IL-2(P < 0.01), decreased the protein level of lung SP-D(P < 0.01), and the mRNA level of IL-1β(P < 0.001) in the lung tissues of mice. Pachymaran(200 mg/kg) increased the serum level of IL-2(P < 0.01) and lung IL-6 of mice(P < 0.05). Pachymaran(50 and 200 mg/kg) increased the mRNA level of IL-6 in the lung tissues of mice(P < 0.05).Conclusion While the immune function of mice was suppressed by CsA, the lung tissue was also damaged. Pachymaran can improve the immunosuppression induced by CsA and improve the lung tissue injury in immunosuppressed mice.

孕期低剂量poly(I:C)暴露联合新生接种乙肝疫苗诱发小鼠持久性自闭样行为

目的探讨低剂量聚肌苷酸胞甘酸[poly(I:C)]暴露联合新生期乙肝疫苗接种导致小鼠表现出持久性自闭症样行为的机制。方法将孕鼠随机分成4组,分别为对照(CON)组、poly(I:C)(PIC)组、乙肝疫苗(HBV)组和联合免疫干预(P/H)组。4周、8周和12周龄时,检测小鼠自闭症样行为。12周龄时,检测小鼠脾脏Th2、Th17和TH2/17细胞的比例及外周血和海马组织中IL-4和IL-17a的含量。结果与CON组比较,HBV组8周龄时出现行为学损害,12周龄时行为学损害恢复;P/H组8周、12周龄时均出现行为学损害。此外,P/H组较CON组Th2型的细胞水平有升高(P<0.05);P/H组较PIC组Th2型细胞水平升高(P<0.05)。P/H组较HBV组中的Th17型细胞水平升高(P<0.05);P/H组较CON组Th2/17型细胞水平增加(P<0.05);P/H组较PIC组中Th2/17型细胞水平增加(P<0.05)。进一步证实,分别与CON组、HBV和PIC组比较,P/H组血清和海马组织的IL-4和IL-17a的含量升高(P<0.05)。结论孕期低剂量poly(I:C)暴露联合新生期乙肝疫苗接种通过升高脑内IL-17a水平导致小鼠持久性自闭症样行为。

SHP1在PRRSV诱导的抗病毒免疫反应中的作用

为了探究SHP1在猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus,PRRSV)诱导的抗病毒免疫中的作用,本研究采用200个TCID50的PRRSV感染猪肺巨噬细胞(porcine alveolar macrophage,PAM),分别培养12,24,36,48h后收集细胞及上清,分别设正常细胞对照组,聚肌胞(polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid,polyI:C)刺激对照组,脂多糖(lipopolysaccharide,LPS)刺激对照组。采用ELISA方法检测PRRSV感染的PAM培养上清中SHP1的蛋白表达情况。用实验室已经建立的实时荧光定量PCR方法对PRRSV感染组和各个对照组PAM细胞中IRF3、IRF7、TRAF6、NF-κB、SHP1和IFN-β的mRNA转录水平变化进行定量分析。结果显示:激活的SHP1对PRRSV感染后PAM中IRF7、NF-kB和IFN-β的转录有促进作用,对IRF3和TRAF6的转录有抑制作用。LPS及Poly(I:C)刺激PRRSV感染的PAM细胞均促进了IRF3、IRF7、TRAF6、NF-κB、SHP1和IFN-β的转录。结果表明,激活的SHP1会通过TLR介导的信号通路或未知通路来调节PRRSV诱导的抗病毒免疫反应水平。LPS和Poly(I:C)刺激PRRSV感染的PAM细胞能够增强抗病毒细胞因子的转录水平。