纳米聚苯胺的微乳液法制备及电容性能研究

用微乳液法制备了纳米聚苯胺,并将其与活性炭混合制备聚苯胺/活性炭电极。用透射电镜对聚苯胺的形貌进行了表征,用循环伏安法及恒流充放电法对所制电极的电化学性能进行了研究。结果表明:纳米球形聚苯胺的粒径在30～40 nm之间,所制得的电极比容为610.3 F.g-1(0.5 mol/L H2SO4),显著高于纯活性炭电极的比容171.2 F.g-1;在5 mA.cm-2的充放电电流密度下,充放电1000次后比容为首次放电比容的71.3%;这表明纳米聚苯胺的加入能显著提高电极的电化学性能。用此组装的非对称型超级电容器的性能也优于用纯活性炭组装的对称型超级电容器,表明纳米聚苯胺是一种性能优异的超级电容器电极材料。

Hybrid supercapacitor based on polyaniline doped with lithium salt and activated carbon electrodes

Polyaniline（PANI） nanofiber was synthesized by interfacial polymerization utilizing the interface between HC1 and CCl4. The hybrid type supercapacitors （PLi/C） based on Li-doping polyaniline and activated carbon electrode were fabricated and compared with the redox type capacitors （PLi/PLi） based on two uniformly Li-doping polyaniline electrodes. The electrochemical performances of the two types of supercapacitors were characterized in non-aqueous electrolyte. PLi/C supercapacitors have a wider effective energy storage potential range and a higher upper potential. At the same time, the PLi/C supercapacitor exhibits a specific capacity of 120.93 F/g at initial discharge and retains 80% after 500 cycles. The ohmic internal resistance （REs） of PLi/C supercapacitor is 5.0 Ω, which is smaller than that of PLi/PLi capacitor （5.5 Ω）. Moreover, it can be seen that EtgNBF4 organic solution is more suitable for using as organic electrolyte of PLi/C capacitor compared with organic solution containing LiPFr.