聚驱分注工艺探讨

随着大庆油田开发的不断深入,三次采油已成为提高采收率、保持油田可持续发展的重要技术手段。其中聚合物驱油以提高原油采收率幅度大和经济效益好的特点,成为油田老区保持稳产的主要技术支撑。本文介绍了一种基于聚驱套损井的分注工艺,以及水、聚驱通用管柱的技术研究,为油田套损井三次分层采油提供技术支撑。

大数据优化基层政府决策的表征、困境与出路

大数据能够改变决策的方式,促进决策的科学化与民主化,降低决策风险,对优化基层政府决策信息、决策问题、决策主体、决策过程、决策时限、决策方案都具有重要的作用。但是,由于它在基层政府决策中的应用还处于初级阶段,因而在人才队伍、思维认知、信息平台、资金支持、聚通用等方面还存在一些困难。要破除这些困难,应该做好顶层设计,推动大数据与基层政府决策的融合;打破数据孤岛,共享基层政府大数据决策的信息平台;强化专业培训,培养基层决策主体的大数据思维;实施数据工程,完善基层政府大数据决策的应用体系。

“数字钦州”促进城市升级四大经验值得推广

文章在总结梳理广西钦州“一云、一网、一号、一门户、一中台、N应用”政务数据总体框架的基础上,初步实现了钦州市政务信息化建设的网络通、数据通、业务通;并进一步从数字基础设施、数字政府、数字经济、数字社会四个方面总结经验,形成广西政务数据“聚通用”工作实效和成果,值得各省市大数据工作推广。

Analysis of temporal and spatial usage patterns of dockless bike sharing system around rail transit station area

In order to study the spatiotemporal characteristics of the dockless bike sharing system(BSS)around urban rail transit stations,new normalized calculation methods are proposed to explore the temporal and spatial usage patterns of the dockless BSS around rail transit stations by using 5-weekday dockless bike sharing trip data in Nanjing,China.First,the rail transit station area(RTSA)is defined by extracting shared bike trips with trip ends falling into the area.Then,the temporal and spatial decomposition methods are developed and two criterions are calculated,namely,normalized dynamic variation of bikes(NDVB)and normalized spatial distribution of trips(NSDT).Furthermore,the temporal and spatial usage patterns are clustered and the corresponding geographical distributions of shared bikes are determined.The results show that four temporal usage patterns and two spatial patterns of dockless BSS are finally identified.Area type(urban center and suburb)has a great influence on temporal usage patterns.Spatial usage patterns are irregular and affected by limited directions,adjacent rail transit stations and street networks.The findings can help form a better understanding of dockless shared bike users behavior around rail transit stations,which will contribute to improving the service and efficiency of both rail transit and BSS.

A Universal Reduced Rupture Creep Approach for Failure Behavior of Aged Glass Polymers from the Rupture Creep Compliance by the Unified Master Prediction of Long Term Short Term Test of Curved Extrapolation

The prediction of long term failure behaviors and lifetime of aged glass polymers from the short term tests of reduced rupture creep compliance （or strain） is one of difficult problems in polymer science and engineering. A new ＂universal reduced rupture creep approach＂ with exact theoretical analysis and computations is proposed in this work. Failure by creep for polymeric material is an important problem to be addressed in the engineering. A universal equation on reduced extensional failure creep compliance for PMMA has been derived. It is successful in relating the reduced extensional failure creep compliance with aging time, temperature, levels of stress, the average growth dimensional number and the parameter in K-W-W function. Based on the universal equation, a method for the prediction of failure behavior, failure strain criterion, failure time of PMMA has been developed which is named as a universal ＂reduced rupture creep approach＂. The results show that the predicted failure strain and failure time of PMMA at different aging times for different levels of stress are all in agreement with those obtained directly from experiments, and the proposed method is reliable and practical. The dependences of reduced extensional failure creep compliance on the conditions of aging time, failure creep stress, the structure of fluidized-domain constituent chains are discussed. The shifting factor, exponent for time-stress superposition at different levels of stress and the shifting factor, exponent for time-time aging superposition at different aging time are theoretically defined respectively.

Polymers with complicated architectures constructed from the versatile, functional monomer 1-ethoxyethyl glycidyl ether

Because glycidyl(Gly) contains an epoxy and an active hydroxyl group, the Gly unit is difficult to introduce into certain polymeric chains in a controlled manner and usually yields hyperbranched polyglycidyl. Alternatively, the monomer 1-ethoxyethyl glycidyl ether(EEGE), derived from Gly and ethyl vinyl ether, has shown potential for application in polymer chemistry, and homopolymerization of this monomer directly produces linear poly(1-ethoxyethyl glycidyl ether) and further yields linear polyglycidyl. In this review, the initiation system of the EEGE monomer is first discussed in terms of chain transfer to monomers in ring-opening polymerization of epoxides with substituent groups. Then, random copolymerization of EEGE with other epoxides is considered. In addition, because the EEGE units on polymers can be transferred to Gly units and further used to construct copolymers with complicated architectures, the applications of EEGE monomers to block, graft, and hyperbranched copolymers are reviewed. Finally, the synthesis of main chain and terminal functional polyethers by transforming the hydroxyl groups at the polymer end or on the main chain into certain functional groups are also discussed. Chemistry based on EEGE has been proved to be an efficient, versatile route to constructing copolymers containing Gly units and ultimately yielding the target properties and applications.