795例乙型肝炎病毒在家族聚集的追踪调查报告

本文通过追踪调查795例乙肝患者在计划免疫后一年乙型肝炎病毒(he p at it度is正b v相iru关s,HBV)在家族中的聚集情况。其结果显示:子代感染风险与家族中HBV聚集程度和感染严重程:父母双方都感染了HBV的家庭,子代感染的风险(即HBs Ag阳性率)最大,尤以"大三阳"为重,为29.52%;只有母亲为"大三阳"的家庭次之,为13.04%;而只有父亲为"大三阳"的家庭最轻,为1.82%。而生成保护性抗体(即HBs Ab阳性率)却以父感家庭为最高,都在96%以上,由于母感家庭对HBV的阻断性治疗没得到高度重视,因此与父母双感的家庭没能体现出差别,平均在90%左右,这提示我们在控制传染病的防治上至关重要。调查研究的意义在于如何防治乙肝病毒的家族性聚集及降低子代感染风险。

成渝经济圈金融发展水平时空演变分析

成渝地区双城经济圈的金融发展是我国打造西部金融中心战略的关键。为探测成渝地区双城经济圈金融发展情况,基于2020年成渝双城经济圈金融企业POI与金融类统计数据,构建金融发展水平指标评价体系。利用因子分析法和核密度估计等方法,对2012、2014、2016、2018、2020年五期金融水平综合指数和金融机构进行时空分布特征分析。结果表明:1)成渝双城经济圈的金融发展水平出现严重的不平衡、不充分现象;2)中部城市的金融水平稳定性较差,外圈城市较稳定;3)金融机构聚集情况总体呈现出前期慢速降低、后期快速提高的变化态势,两极分化问题严重。

多形性胶质母细胞瘤患者蛋氨酸PET和MR成像显示病灶分布差异:PET和MR联合成像研究

Objective: To examine 11C methyl methionine (MET) accumulation on positron em ission tomographic (PET) imaging of glioblastoma multiforme to determine the dis tribution of metabolic abnormality compared with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI ). Methods: Contemporaneous MRI was superimposed on corresponding MET PET image s in 10 patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma multiforme before treatment. Differ ences between the extended area of MET accumulation on PET imaging (MET area), the gadolinium (Gd) enhanced area on T1 weighted images (Gd area), and th e abnormal high signal intensity area on T2 weighted images (T2 high area) were assessed. Results: The MET area was larger than the Gd area and included the en tire Gd area. The discrepancy in volume between the MET and Gd areas became grea ter with increasing tumour diameter. On average, 58.6%of the METareawas located within the Gd area, 90.1%within 10 mm outside the Gd area, 98.1%within 20 mm, and 99.8%within 30 mm. A newly developed Gd area had emerged in five of the 10 cases up to the time of study. In three of the five cases this was in the MET a rea even after complete surgical resection of the Gd area on the initial MRI; in the remaining two it originated in the residual Gd area after surgery. In all c ases, the T2 high area was larger than the MET area. The MET area extended part ly beyond the T2 high area in nine cases, and was completely within it in one. Conclusions: Glioblastoma multiforme cells may extend over the Gd area and more widely with increasing tumour size on Gd MRI. The T2 high area includes the gr eater part of the tumour but not its entire area. The methods reported may be us eful in planning surgical resection, biopsy, or radiosurgery.

西班牙儿童代谢综合征的遗传学定量分析

Childhood obesity is associated with a constellation of metabolic derangements including glucose intolerance, hypertension, and dyslipidemia, referred to as metabolic syndrome. The purpose of this study was to investigate genetic and environmental factors contributing to the metabolic syndrome in Hispanic children. Metabolic syndrome, defined as having three or more metabolic risk components, was determined in 1030 Hispanic children, ages 4- 19 y, from 319 families enrolled in the VIVA LA FAMILIA study. Anthropometry, body composition by dual energy x- ray absorptiometry, clinical signs, and serum biochemistries were measured using standard techniques. Risk factor analysis and quantitative genetic analysis were performed. Of the overweight children, 20% , or 28% if abnormal liver function is included in the definition, presented with the metabolic syndrome. Odds ratios for the metabolic syndrome were significantly increased by body mass index z score and fasting serum insulin; independent effects of sex, age, puberty, and body composition were not seen. Heritabilities ± SE for waist circumference, triglycerides (TG), HDL, systolic blood pressure (SBP), glucose, and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were highly significant. Pleiotropy (a common set of genes affecting two traits) detected between SBP and waist circumference, SBP and glucose, HDL and waist circumference, ALT and waist circumference, and TG and ALT may underlie the clustering of the components of the metabolic syndrome. Significant heritabilities and pleiotropy seen for the components of the metabolic syndrome indicate a strong genetic contribution to the metabolic syndrome in overweight Hispanic children.

中老年高校教师人群血压水平与心血管病危险因素聚集分析

目的探讨中老年高校教师人群血压水平与心血管病危险因素及其聚集的相关性。方法于2019年4月~11月选取山东2所高校正在从事或退休前从事教学科研工作的40~75岁4525名一线教师为研究对象,根据血压水平将研究对象分为正常血压、1级高血压前期、2级高血压前期、高血压,对不同血压水平人群心血管病危险因素水平及危险因素检出率聚集率进行分析,并采用多因素Logistic回归模型分析血压水平与心血管病危险因素及其聚集的相关性。结果4525名一线教师中男性2527名,女性1998名,年龄40~75岁,平均年龄(54.14±9.05)岁。男性正常血压、1级高血压前期检出率低于女性,2级高血压前期、高血压、肥胖、糖尿病、合并1个、≥2个危险因素检出率均高于女性(P<0.05)。随着血压水平的升高,男性BMI、TG、FPG水平和女性BMI、TC、LDL-C、TG、FPG水平升高,男性女性HDL-C水平降低,且男性女性肥胖、血脂异常、糖尿病等危险因素检出率聚集率呈上升趋势(P<0.05)。Logistic回归分析显示,1级高血压前期人群合并肥胖和≥2个危险因素的危险性升高,分别是正常血压人群的2.46、1.79倍;2级高血压前期和高血压人群合并肥胖、血脂异常、糖尿病、1个、≥2个危险因素的危险性均升高,分别是正常血压人群的3.63、1.40、2.07、1.55、2.60倍和7.32、1.98、3.48、1.96、5.41倍。结论中老年高校教师人群血压水平与心血管病危险因素及其聚集风险有关,对血压水平升高人群应尽早采取干预措施。

关于高血压降压目标的辩证思考

1血压测量值是一个相对的指标高血压是一种异常的血液动力学状态,近些年被认知为心血管综合征。因为,血压的升高绝大多数情况下,除了与其他心血管病危险因素并存,如肥胖、血脂异常、糖尿病等,还伴有心血管系统结构与功能的变化。高血压的危害及风险取决于诸多危险因素的聚集情况。因此,血压仅是心血管综合征中的指标之一,同时血压也是变异性最大、重复性最差的指标。