痉挛-肌束震颤综合征伴随肛门和尿道括约肌痉挛1例分析

目的报道1例伴随肛门和尿道括约肌痉挛的痉挛-肌束震颤综合征的临床、神经电生理和骨骼肌病理改变特点。方法患者为46岁男性,5年前出现阵发性双小腿痉挛疼痛和肉跳,逐渐向上发展至胸、背、颈部和上肢,2年前出现肛门痉挛、排尿困难和双下肢肌肉萎缩无力。查体发现舌肌震颤,双上肢远端肌力Ⅴ-级,双下肢近端肌力Ⅳ+级,远端肌力近0级,双下肢肌肉萎缩,躯干和四肢肌肉均有肌束颤动,双侧腹壁反射和提睾反射均未引出,四肢肌腱反射活跃。肌酸激酶轻度增加。对患者进行肌肉活检和肌电图检查。结果肌电图为神经源性损害。肌肉活检可见小角样萎缩的肌纤维成小组分布,累及两个肌纤维类型,伴随肌纤维肥大。结论痉挛-肌束震颤综合征可以存在骨骼肌的萎缩和无力,也可以出现肛门和尿道括约肌的兴奋性增加,骨骼肌存在神经原性的损害。

Bionic jumping dynamics of the musculoskeletal leg mechanism for quadruped robots

As the pneumatic artificial muscle （PAM） has flexibility properties similar to biological muscle which is widely used in robotics as one kind of actuators, the bionic mechanism driven by PAMs be- comes a hot spot in robotics. In this paper, a kind of musculoskeletal leg mechanism driven by PAMs is presented, which has three joints driven by four PAMs. The jumping movement is divided into three phases. The forward and inverse kinematics of the leg mechanism in different jumping phases is derived. Considering the ground reaction force between feet and environment, the dynamic in different jumping phases is analyzed by Lagrange method, then the relationship between PAM driving force and the joints angular displacement, angular velocity, angular acceleration during one jumping cycle is obtained, which will lay a foundatiori for the jumping experiment of the musculo- skeletal lez mechanism.

冯晓颖小说

冯晓颖的小说漂泊不定,这不仅是指其中充满了离去、出走、失踪和寻觅,而且是指叙述者无力把握她的人物命运。两篇小说中,《扁少女》写得更好,它几乎是漫不经心地写出了一个少女如何消失在茫茫人海中,消失在多种多样的身份和可能之中,但她的敏感、孤傲,她所怀有的隐隐的愤怒最终无比准确地击中了她的追寻者。一个人对命运、对生活中暗自形成的秩序有如此专注的体会,同时又如此警觉,在逐渐展现中确定的可能性对她来说就是逐渐迫近的危险。所以这是一个有无穷可能性的世界,但这个世界远不像我们想象的那么欢愉,在这里,生命注定漂泊,在漂泊中有轻微而锐利的伤痛。在今年第一期,我们介绍了李浩,现在我们介绍冯晓颖,他们都是“七十年代人”。