试验旨在探究亲鸽饲粮添加茶多酚对乳鸽生长性能、屠宰性能、肉品质及肌肉抗氧化能力的影响。试验选取120对遗传背景相近、产蛋情况相同的7月龄健康亲鸽随机分为4组,每组6个重复,每个重复5对亲鸽。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验Ⅰ~Ⅲ组分别...试验旨在探究亲鸽饲粮添加茶多酚对乳鸽生长性能、屠宰性能、肉品质及肌肉抗氧化能力的影响。试验选取120对遗传背景相近、产蛋情况相同的7月龄健康亲鸽随机分为4组,每组6个重复,每个重复5对亲鸽。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验Ⅰ~Ⅲ组分别在基础饲粮中添加100、200和400 mg/kg的茶多酚,试验期53 d。测定28日龄乳鸽生长性能、屠宰性能、肉品质及肌肉抗氧化能力。结果显示:与对照组对比,各试验组半净膛率均显著提高(P<0.05),试验Ⅰ组腿肌率显著提高(P<0.05),试验Ⅲ组腹脂率显著降低(P<0.05);各试验组肌肉p H24h值均显著升高(P<0.05),肌肉24 h L^(*)值和b^(*)值以及失水率均显著降低(P<0.05),试验Ⅰ组肌肉45 min和24 h a^(*)值均显著升高(P<0.05),45 min b^(*)值显著降低(P<0.05),肌肉剪切力显著降低(P<0.05),肌肉鲜样水分含量显著降低(P<0.05);试验Ⅲ组乳鸽肌肉干样粗脂肪含量显著降低(P<0.05),肌肉超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性均显著升高(P<0.05)。结果表明,亲鸽饲粮添加茶多酚可以提高乳鸽屠宰性能和肌肉抗氧化能力并改善肉品质,400 mg/kg添加量较适宜。展开更多
AIM： To evaluate the role of nitric oxide （NO） in the motor disorders of the dilated uninflamed mid-colon （DUMC） from trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid （TNBS）-induced acute distal colitis in rats. METHODS： Colitis...AIM： To evaluate the role of nitric oxide （NO） in the motor disorders of the dilated uninflamed mid-colon （DUMC） from trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid （TNBS）-induced acute distal colitis in rats. METHODS： Colitis was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats by a single intracolonic administration of TNBS. Control rats received an enema of 0.9% saline. The rats were killed 48 h after TNBS or saline administration. Macroscopic and histologic lesions of the colon were evaluated. Myeloperoxidase （MPO） and nitric oxide synthase （NOS） activity were measured on the colonic tissue. In TNBS rats, we evaluated spontaneous and evoked contractile activity in circular muscle strips derived from DUMC in comparison to the same colonic segment of control rats, both in the presence and in the absence of a non-selective NOS isoforms inhibitor N-nitro-L- arginine （L-NNA）. Pharmacological characterization of electric field stimulation （EFS）-evoked contractile responses was also performed. RESULTS： In TNBS rats, the distal colon showed severe histological lesions and a high MPO activity, while the DUMC exhibited normal histology and MPO activity. Constitutive NOS activity was similar in TNBS and control rats, whereas inducible NOS activity was significantly increased only in the injured distal colon of TNBS rats. Isometrically recorded mechanical activity of circular muscle strips from DUMC of TNBS rats showed a marked reduction of the force and frequency of spontaneous contractions compared to controls, as well as of the contractile responses to a contracting stimulus. In the presence of L-NNA, the contractile activity and responses displayed a significantly greater enhancement compared to controls. The pharmacological characterization of EFS contractile responses showed that a cooperative-like interaction between cholinergic muscarinic and tachyldnergic neurokinin 1 and 2 receptors mediated transmission in DUMC of TNBS rats vs a simple additive interaction in controls. CONCLUSION： The results of this study show that, during TNBS-induced acute distal colitis, circular muscle intrinsic contractile mechanisms and possible enteric neural excitatory activity are inhibited in the distended uninflamed mid-colon. Suppression of NO synthesis markedly improves spontaneous and evokes muscle contractions, in spite of any evident change in local NO activity. 2005 The WJG Press and Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved展开更多
This article focuses on the current underlying of molecular mechanisms of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α （PGC-1α） mediated pathway and discuss possible therapeutic benefits of inc...This article focuses on the current underlying of molecular mechanisms of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α （PGC-1α） mediated pathway and discuss possible therapeutic benefits of increased mitochondrial biogenesis in compensating for mitochondrial dysfunction and ameliorating aging and aging-related diseases. PGC-1α is the master transcription regulator that stimulates mitochondrial biogenesis, by upregulating nuclear respiratory factors and mitochondrial transcription factor A, leading to increased mitochondrial DNA replication and gene transcription. PGC-1α also regulates cellular oxidant-antioxidant homeostasis by stimulating the gene expression of superoxide dismutase-2, catalase, glutathione peroxidase 1, and uncoupling protein. Recent reports from muscle-specific PGC-1α overexpression underline the benefit of PGC-1α in muscle atrophy and sarcopenia, during which PGC-1α enhanced mitochondrial biogenic pathway and reduced oxidative damage. Thus, PGC-1α seems to have a protective role against aging associated skeletal muscle deterioration.展开更多
Mitochondrial dysfunction in aged skeletal muscle has been mainly attributable to mtDNA deletions, uncoupling in oxidative phosphorylation, leading to ATP deficit. Moreover, the accumulation of damaged mitochondria is...Mitochondrial dysfunction in aged skeletal muscle has been mainly attributable to mtDNA deletions, uncoupling in oxidative phosphorylation, leading to ATP deficit. Moreover, the accumulation of damaged mitochondria is associated with imperfect autophagocytosis and declined biogenesis of efficient mitochondria. Mitochondria-associated apoptotic signaling is involved in the loss of fibers and atrophy of the remaining fibers by ROS, TNF-α, and denervation, leading to sarcopenia. Current investigations have indicated that exercise, especially resistance exercise, has extensively preventive effects on sarcopenia. Whether caloric restriction in aged animals is suitable for aged people remains to be further clinlically experimented. Additionally, it will be interesting to develop effectively supplementary and alternative medical methods associated with Chinese tonifying herbs to prevent or reverse sarcopenia in the future because of their efficacy and less frequent side effects.展开更多
文摘试验旨在探究亲鸽饲粮添加茶多酚对乳鸽生长性能、屠宰性能、肉品质及肌肉抗氧化能力的影响。试验选取120对遗传背景相近、产蛋情况相同的7月龄健康亲鸽随机分为4组,每组6个重复,每个重复5对亲鸽。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验Ⅰ~Ⅲ组分别在基础饲粮中添加100、200和400 mg/kg的茶多酚,试验期53 d。测定28日龄乳鸽生长性能、屠宰性能、肉品质及肌肉抗氧化能力。结果显示:与对照组对比,各试验组半净膛率均显著提高(P<0.05),试验Ⅰ组腿肌率显著提高(P<0.05),试验Ⅲ组腹脂率显著降低(P<0.05);各试验组肌肉p H24h值均显著升高(P<0.05),肌肉24 h L^(*)值和b^(*)值以及失水率均显著降低(P<0.05),试验Ⅰ组肌肉45 min和24 h a^(*)值均显著升高(P<0.05),45 min b^(*)值显著降低(P<0.05),肌肉剪切力显著降低(P<0.05),肌肉鲜样水分含量显著降低(P<0.05);试验Ⅲ组乳鸽肌肉干样粗脂肪含量显著降低(P<0.05),肌肉超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性均显著升高(P<0.05)。结果表明,亲鸽饲粮添加茶多酚可以提高乳鸽屠宰性能和肌肉抗氧化能力并改善肉品质,400 mg/kg添加量较适宜。
文摘AIM： To evaluate the role of nitric oxide （NO） in the motor disorders of the dilated uninflamed mid-colon （DUMC） from trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid （TNBS）-induced acute distal colitis in rats. METHODS： Colitis was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats by a single intracolonic administration of TNBS. Control rats received an enema of 0.9% saline. The rats were killed 48 h after TNBS or saline administration. Macroscopic and histologic lesions of the colon were evaluated. Myeloperoxidase （MPO） and nitric oxide synthase （NOS） activity were measured on the colonic tissue. In TNBS rats, we evaluated spontaneous and evoked contractile activity in circular muscle strips derived from DUMC in comparison to the same colonic segment of control rats, both in the presence and in the absence of a non-selective NOS isoforms inhibitor N-nitro-L- arginine （L-NNA）. Pharmacological characterization of electric field stimulation （EFS）-evoked contractile responses was also performed. RESULTS： In TNBS rats, the distal colon showed severe histological lesions and a high MPO activity, while the DUMC exhibited normal histology and MPO activity. Constitutive NOS activity was similar in TNBS and control rats, whereas inducible NOS activity was significantly increased only in the injured distal colon of TNBS rats. Isometrically recorded mechanical activity of circular muscle strips from DUMC of TNBS rats showed a marked reduction of the force and frequency of spontaneous contractions compared to controls, as well as of the contractile responses to a contracting stimulus. In the presence of L-NNA, the contractile activity and responses displayed a significantly greater enhancement compared to controls. The pharmacological characterization of EFS contractile responses showed that a cooperative-like interaction between cholinergic muscarinic and tachyldnergic neurokinin 1 and 2 receptors mediated transmission in DUMC of TNBS rats vs a simple additive interaction in controls. CONCLUSION： The results of this study show that, during TNBS-induced acute distal colitis, circular muscle intrinsic contractile mechanisms and possible enteric neural excitatory activity are inhibited in the distended uninflamed mid-colon. Suppression of NO synthesis markedly improves spontaneous and evokes muscle contractions, in spite of any evident change in local NO activity. 2005 The WJG Press and Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved
文摘This article focuses on the current underlying of molecular mechanisms of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α （PGC-1α） mediated pathway and discuss possible therapeutic benefits of increased mitochondrial biogenesis in compensating for mitochondrial dysfunction and ameliorating aging and aging-related diseases. PGC-1α is the master transcription regulator that stimulates mitochondrial biogenesis, by upregulating nuclear respiratory factors and mitochondrial transcription factor A, leading to increased mitochondrial DNA replication and gene transcription. PGC-1α also regulates cellular oxidant-antioxidant homeostasis by stimulating the gene expression of superoxide dismutase-2, catalase, glutathione peroxidase 1, and uncoupling protein. Recent reports from muscle-specific PGC-1α overexpression underline the benefit of PGC-1α in muscle atrophy and sarcopenia, during which PGC-1α enhanced mitochondrial biogenic pathway and reduced oxidative damage. Thus, PGC-1α seems to have a protective role against aging associated skeletal muscle deterioration.
文摘Mitochondrial dysfunction in aged skeletal muscle has been mainly attributable to mtDNA deletions, uncoupling in oxidative phosphorylation, leading to ATP deficit. Moreover, the accumulation of damaged mitochondria is associated with imperfect autophagocytosis and declined biogenesis of efficient mitochondria. Mitochondria-associated apoptotic signaling is involved in the loss of fibers and atrophy of the remaining fibers by ROS, TNF-α, and denervation, leading to sarcopenia. Current investigations have indicated that exercise, especially resistance exercise, has extensively preventive effects on sarcopenia. Whether caloric restriction in aged animals is suitable for aged people remains to be further clinlically experimented. Additionally, it will be interesting to develop effectively supplementary and alternative medical methods associated with Chinese tonifying herbs to prevent or reverse sarcopenia in the future because of their efficacy and less frequent side effects.
