乙肝患者如何养胃

很多人终其一生都会受到胃病的困扰。正常人况且如此，更不用说乙肝患者了，在导致乙肝患者胃病的病因中，肝源性胃病占有相当比例。提到肝源性胃病，大家可能知之甚少。那么什么肝源性胃病？我们还是听听专家怎么讲吧!

乙肝患者须养胃

俗话说“十人九胃”,也就是说,九成人一生中都会或多或少受到胃病的困扰。正常人况且如此,更不用说乙肝患者了。事实上,超过80%的患者会同时遭受胃病的侵害。最近,乙肝患者陈某总感觉胃口不好,没有食欲,上腹部不适,有时出现泛酸、嗳气、恶心等症状。陈某以为一定是肝炎发作了,于是在家人陪同下,赶忙来到医院检查肝功,结果显示正常。医生建议陈某再做一次胃镜检查,结果提示陈某患有胆汁返流性胃炎,属于肝源性胃病。医生为陈某开了一些硫糖铝和胃动力药,吃了5天后,陈某的症状基本消失。

Effect of early propranolol administration on portal hypertensive gastropathy in cirrhotic rats

AIM:To investigate any protective effect of early propranolol administration in the development of portal hypertensive gastropathy in cirrhotic rats. METHODS:For the development of liver cirrhosis and portal hypertensive gastropathy,60 rats underwent ligation of the left adrenal vein and complete devascularization of the left renal vein,followed by phenobarbital and carbon tetrachloride(CCl4) administration.After two weeks of CCl4 administration, the rats were randomly separated into two groups.In group A,propranolol was continuously administered intragastrically throughout the study,whereas in group B normal saline(placebo)was administered instead. Hemodynamic studies and vascular morphometric analysis of gastric sections were performed after complete induction of cirrhosis. RESULTS:Vascular morphometric studies showed higher numbers of vessels in all mucosal layers in the control group.Statistical analysis revealed a significantly higher total vascular surface in the control group compared to the propranolol group,but with no statistically significant difference between the mean vascular surfaces between the groups.Our study clearly shows that the increased mucosal blood flow is manifested by a marked increase of vessel count. CONCLUSION:Early propranolol's administration in portal hypertensive cirrhotic rats seems to prevent intense gastric vascular congestion that characterizes portal hypertensive gastropathy.

Stem cells, a two-edged sword: Risks and potentials of regenerative medicine

The recent advancements in stem cell (SC) biology have led to the concept of regenerative medicine, which is based on the potential of SC for therapies aimed to facilitate the repair of degenerating or injured tissues. Nonetheless, prior to large scale clinical appli- cations, critical aspects need to be further addressed, including the long-term safety, tolerability, and efficacy of SC-based treatments. Most problematic among the risks of SC-based therapies, in addition to the pos- sible rejection or loss of function of the infused cells, is their potential neoplastic transformation. Indeed, SCs may be used to cure devastating diseases, but their specific properties of self-renewal and clonogenicity may render them prone to generate cancers. In this respect, ‘Stemness’ might be seen as a two-edged sword, its bright side being represented by normal SCs, its dark side by cancer SCs. A better understand- ing of SC biology will help fulfill the promise of regen- erative medicine aimed at curing human pathologies and fighting cancer from its roots.

Percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage for obstructive jaundice caused by metastatic gastric cancer： efficacy and complications

Objective： The aim of our study was to evaluate the efficacy and incidence of complications of percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage （PTBD） as palliative treatment of obstructive jaundice caused by metastatic gastric cancer. Methods： Hospital records were reviewed for 32 consecutive patients with biliary obstruction caused by metastatic gastric cancer who underwent PTBD at our institution between October 2004 and April 2010. Patients （23 males and 9 females） age ranged from 35 to 72 years. The indexes of hepatic function before PTBD and within one month after PTBD were compared. The incidence of complications and corresponding treatments were also documented. Results： The level of obstruction was defined as the distal bile duct （beyond the level of the liver hilum） in 22 patients （group 1） and the liver hilum in 10 patients （group 2）. Successful decompression of the biliary system after PTBD was defined by a total bilirubin decrease of more than 30% of the baseline value. Success rates were 100% （22/22） for group 1, 70% （7/10） for group 2, and 90.6% （29/32） for all patients. Differences in success rates between group 1 and group 2 were significant （P = 0.024）. Serum TBIL, ALT, and AST significantly decreased from （292.8 ± 179.9） μmol/L, （174.5 ± 107.4） IU/L, （159.9 ± 103.9） IU/L before PTBD to （111.5 ± 92.5） μmol/L, （58.5 ± 46.3） IU/L, （59.6 ± 48.9） IU/L, respectively within one month after PTBD （P 0.05）. Complications associated with PTBD included cholangitis in 13 patients （40.5%）, drainage tube displacement in 6 patients （18.8%）, hemobilia in 4 patients （12.5%）, tube occlusion in 2 patients （6.3%）, and pancreatitis in 1 patient （3.1%）. All complications were successfully treated with appropriate measures. Conclusion： Hepatic function can be improved by PTBD without serious complications in patients with obstructive jaundice caused by metastatic gastric cancer.

Primary gastrointestinal stromal tumor of the liver: A case report

We report a case of primary gastrointestinal stromal tumor （GIST） of the liver. A 17-year-old man with a solid mass in the anterior segment of the right liver was asymptomatic with negative laboratory examinations with the exception of positive HBV. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound （CEUS） revealed a hypervascular lesion in the arterial phase and hypoechoic features during the portal and late phases. However, enhanced spiral computed tomography （CT） showed hypoattenuation in all three phases. Following biopsy, immunohistochemical evaluation demonstrated positive CDl17. Different imaging features of primary GISTs of the liver are due to pathological properties and different working systems between CEUS and enhanced spiral CT.

Osteopontin as potential biomarker and therapeutic target in gastric and liver cancers

Gastric cancer and liver cancer are among the most common malignancies and the leading causes of death worldwide,due to late detection and high recurrence rates.Today,these cancers have a heavy socioeconomic burden,for which a full understanding of their pathophysiological features is warranted to search for promising biomarkers and therapeutic targets.Osteopontin (OPN) is overexpressed in most patients with gastric and liver cancers.Over the past decade,emerging evidence has revealed a correlation of OPN level and clinicopathological features and prognosis in gastric and liver cancers,indicating its potential as an independent prognostic indicator in such patients.Functional studies have verified the potential of OPN knockdown as a therapeutic approach in vitro and in vivo .Furthermore,OPN mediates multifaceted roles in the interaction between cancer cells and the tumor microenvironment,in which many details need further exploration.OPN signaling results in various functions,including prevention of apoptosis,modulation of angiogenesis,malfunction of tumor-associated macrophages,degradation of extracellular matrix,activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase-Akt and nuclear factor-κB pathways,which lead to tumor formation and progression,particularly in gastric and liver cancers.This editorial aims to review recent findings on alteration in OPN expression and its clinicopathological associations with tumor progression,its potential as a therapeutic target,and putative mechanisms in gastric and liver cancers.Better understanding of the implications of OPN in tumorigenesis might facilitate development of therapeutic regimens to benefit patients with these deadly malignancies.

The Human Microbiota in Health and Disease

Trillions of microbes have evolved with and continue to live on and within human beings. A variety of environmental factors can affect intestinal microbial imbalance, which has a close relationship with human health and disease. Here, we focus on the interactions between the human microbiota and the host in order to provide an overview of the microbial role in basic biological processes and in the development and progression of major human diseases such as infectious diseases, liver diseases, gastrointestinal cancers, metabolic diseases, respiratory diseases, mental or psychological diseases, and autoimmune diseases. We also review important advances in techniques associated with microbial research, such as DNA sequencing, metabonomics, and proteomics combined with computation-based bioinformatics.Current research on the human microbiota has become much more sophisticated and more comprehensive.Therefore, we propose that research should focus on the host-microbe interaction and on causeeffect mechanisms, which could pave the way to an understanding of the role of gut microbiota in health and disease, and provide new therapeutic targets and treatment approaches in clinical practice.