血清甲胎蛋白、糖类抗原125对肝细胞癌切除术后患者预后评估价值分析

目的探讨血清甲胎蛋白(AFP)、糖类抗原125(CA125)在肝细胞癌切除术后患者中的预后价值。方法选取2019年5月至2022年5月在南阳市中心医院就诊的80例肝细胞癌患者为调查目标,所有患者均行肝细胞癌切除术,并在术后随访1 a。根据患者术后1 a带瘤生存和无瘤生存的预后情况分为预后良好组和预后不良组。采用多因素Logistic分析评估肝细胞癌切除术后患者预后不良的独立危险因素。结果80例肝细胞癌切除术后患者中,预后良好者66例(82.50%),预后不良者14例(17.50%)。预后不良组患者术前血清AFP、CA125水平均高于预后良好组(t=5.228,P<0.001;t=15.580,P<0.001)。血清AFP、CA125高水平是肝细胞癌切除术后患者预后不良的独立危险因素(OR=1.426,P=0.021;OR=1.905,P=0.008)。结论肝细胞癌患者术后预后可能受术前血清AFP及CA125水平的影响,术前血清AFP、CA125高水平提示肝细胞癌患者术后具有较高的预后不良风险。

区域血流预阻断法与区域血流阻断法用于肝细胞癌切除术的疗效比较

肝细胞癌（HCC）是临床上常见的消化系统恶性肿瘤之一,其在中国人群中的年发病率高达37.6/10万,且随着生活节奏的加快,其发病率呈现逐年上升趋势。目前,肝细胞癌切除术是治疗HCC的有效方法之一,但是由于肝脏具有两套血液供应系统,且门静脉血流量较大,肝切除时患者出血量较多,严重影响其预后。入肝血流阻断技术是肝切除时控制断面出血有效的方法,但是对于采用何种阻断方法一直存有争议。

超声造影技术在腹腔镜T1期肝细胞癌切除术中的应用价值

目的:探讨超声造影(CEUS)技术在腹腔镜T1期肝细胞癌(HCC)切除术中的应用价值。方法:选择2018年1月—2020年12月于天津医科大学第二医院行腹腔镜T1期HCC切除术的患者80例,根据是否行术前CEUS将患者分为造影组和对照组(每组40例)。均在距肿瘤边缘0.5 cm处切开患者肝脏实质并完整切除肿瘤,然后在切缘3个不同位置取组织活检。采用免疫组化检测癌组织中增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)及Bcl-2相关X蛋白(Bax)的表达水平。记录患者手术时间、术中出血量、住院时间、肿瘤直径、切缘长度、术后进食时间、拔除引流管时间、术后最高丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)和总胆红素(TBIL)及其恢复正常时间。术后均行规律随访观察。结果:与对照组相比,造影组手术时间(t=11.69,P<0.001)及住院时间更短(t=9.40,P<0.001),术中出血量更少(t=14.86,P<0.001);而两组患者在肿瘤直径(t=0.28,P=0.78)、切缘长度(t=0.18,P=0.86)、术后进食时间(t=0.44,P=0.66)及拔除引流管时间(t=1.16,P=0.25)方面差异均无统计学意义。造影组手术后最高ALT(t=5.95,P<0.001)和TBIL(t=3.78,P<0.001)均低于对照组,ALT(t=2.38,P=0.02)及TBIL(t=2.03,P=0.046)恢复正常时间也较对照组更短。造影组切缘活检未见阳性肿瘤细胞;对照组6例患者切缘活检共11处发现阳性肿瘤细胞,肿瘤阳性标本总体检测率为9.17%(P=0.002)、肿瘤阳性患者总体检测率为15%(P=0.03)。造影组PCNA阳性表达率为7.5%,Bax阳性率为50%;对照组分别为17.5%、39.2%(χ2=5.49、2.85,均P<0.05)。术后1年,造影组无复发;对照组复发7例。结论:CEUS技术引导的腹腔镜T1期HCC切除术可以在手术切除边距相同的条件下精准切除癌灶,减轻肝脏损伤,减少出血,加速肝功能恢复,降低肿瘤复发率,同时缩短手术及住院时间。

Toll样受体4、肝细胞生长因子水平对肝细胞癌患者切除术后预后的影响

目的探讨术前血清Toll样受体4(TLR4)、肝细胞生长因子(HGF)表达水平对肝细胞癌患者切除术后预后的影响。方法选取78例肝细胞癌患者作为研究对象,均接受肝细胞癌切除术治疗并随访1年,依据随访1年时预后情况(带瘤生存或无瘤生存)将患者分为预后不良组与预后良好组。记录并比较2组患者的基线资料,术前检测患者的血清TLR4、HGF水平,并分析术前血清TLR4、HGF水平对肝细胞癌患者肝细胞癌切除术后预后的影响。结果随访1年时,预后不良患者16例,占20.51%(16/78);预后不良组患者血清甲胎蛋白(AFP)、α-L-岩藻糖苷酶(AFU)、TLR4、HGF水平均高于预后良好组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);2组基线资料及其他实验室指标水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,术前血清AFP、AFU、TLR4和HGF高水平是肝细胞癌患者术后预后不良的危险因素(OR>1,P<0.05);受试者工作特征曲线显示,术前血清TLR4、HGF水平单独及联合检测预测肝细胞癌患者术后预后的曲线下面积均>0.70,具有一定的预测价值;TLR4、HGF的cut-off值分别取13.629、0.608 ng/mL时,可获得最佳预测价值。结论肝细胞癌患者肝细胞癌切除术后预后可能受术前血清TLR4、HGF水平的影响。

术前外周血中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值评估肝细胞癌根治性切除术后预后的临床价值

目的探讨肝细胞癌(HCC)患者术前外周血中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞的比值(NLR)对根治性切除术后预后评估的临床价值。方法收集行HCC根治性切除术的161例HCC患者的临床资料,根据患者术前NLR值情况,将患者分为高NLR组(NLR≥2.60,n=52)及低NLR组(NLR﹤2.60,n=109)。应用Kaplan-Meier方法分析患者的生存率,并采用Log-rank检验差异;采用Cox回归模型分析影响HCC患者总体生存率的预后因素。结果161例HCC患者的中位随访时间为29个月,高NLR组的1、3、5年总体生存率分别为79.6%、70.8%、41.1%,中位肿瘤复发时间14.9个月;低NLR组的1、3、5年总体生存率分别为90.4%、79.6%、48.7%,中位肿瘤复发时间为20.1个月,高NLR组的1、3、5年总体生存率均低于低NLR组(P﹤0.05),中位肿瘤复发时间短于低NLR组(P﹤0.05);单因素分析结果显示:肿瘤包膜、TNM分期、术前AFP、术前高NLR、淋巴结转移、肿瘤大小与HCC根治性切除术后预后生存时间有关,差异有统计学意义(P﹤0.05);Cox多因素分析结果显示:TNM分期为Ⅲ~Ⅳ期、术前AFP﹤400 ng/ml、术前NLR≥2.60、淋巴结转移、肿瘤大小≥10 mm为影响HCC患者根治性切除术后预后的独立危险因素(P﹤0.001)。结论术前NLR是影响HCC患者根治性切除术后预后的独立危险因素,可作为评估患者预后的指标,术前高NLR者其预后较差。

预测肝细胞癌肝切除术后胆漏的独立危险因素

目的:本研究旨在研究肝切除术后胆漏的预测因素。方法:选取我院2011年1月至2017年12月期间,300名肝细胞癌根治性肝切除手术患者参加了本研究。研究术后胆漏的发生率,并使用单变量和多变量分析确定胆漏的预测因子。结果:28例(5.0%)患者术后合并胆漏。多变量分析确定了立体定向放射治疗的历史,体重指数<20kg/m^2,Child-PughB级肝硬化,中央肝切除术,以及≥375min的手术时间作为与胆漏相关的危险因素。当患者大于3个预测因素时术后胆漏率为45.0%。结论:我们发现胆漏与手术死亡率相关,并确定了与胆漏相关的五个独立预测因素。

快速康复临床路径在肝细胞癌患者肝切除术后康复中的应用效果

目的:探讨快速康复临床路径在肝细胞癌患者肝切除术后康复中的应用效果。方法:选择2021年1月—2022年1月于南昌大学第二附属医院就诊并行肝细胞癌肝切除术的患者129例作为研究对象,按随机数字表法将其分为观察组(66例)和对照组(63例),对照组予以传统护理模式,观察组予以快速康复临床路径护理模式。对比两组护理满意度、临床相关指标、生活质量核心量表(QOL-C30)评分、术后血栓发生情况、血栓知识掌握情况及并发症总发生率。结果:观察组总满意度为93.94%,显著高于对照组的76.19%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组住院费用少于对照组,住院时间、首次排便时间、通气时间、首次下床活动时间及肠鸣音恢复时间均短于对照组(P<0.05);观察组QOL-C30评分均显著高于对照组(P<0.05);观察组术后血栓发生率为4.55%,低于对照组的22.22%;干预2周后,观察组血栓知识掌握率为96.97%,显著高于对照组的66.67%,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组并发症总发生率为7.58%,显著低于对照组的28.57%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:快速康复临床路径护理干预对肝细胞癌肝切除术患者不仅可提高护理满意度及生活质量评分,还可预防血栓和并发症的发生,缩短住院时间,减少住院费用,为肝细胞癌患者提供更优质的医疗服务。

CMTM6表达与肝细胞癌患者术后复发风险相关性的研究

目的探讨跨膜结构域的趋化素样因子6(CMTM6)表达水平与肝细胞癌(HCC)患者术后复发风险的相关性。方法选择2019年4月至2020年7月中国人民解放军联勤保障部队第九四〇医院收治并行肝切除术的82例HCC患者,收集患者的临床资料,采用PCR法检测肿瘤组织中CMTM6 mRNA的相对表达量。所有患者术后均随访1年,根据是否复发,将患者分为复发组和未复发组,分析两组临床病理特征的差异。以CMTM6 mRNA相对表达量的中位数作为最佳截断值,绘制生存曲线,分析不同CMTM6 mRNA表达水平的HCC患者术后的复发风险。采用多因素logistic回归模型分析HCC患者术后复发的独立危险因素。结果随访截止时间为2021年7月31日,共有34例(41.46%)患者复发。比较复发组与未复发组的临床病理特征,结果显示复发组中甲胎蛋白(AFP)>400 ng/mL患者占比、肝硬化患者占比、肿瘤低分化患者占比、白蛋白(ALB)<35 g/L患者占比,以及肿瘤组织中CMTM6 mRNA的相对表达量均高于未复发组,差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。生存曲线分析显示,CMTM6 mRNA高表达组患者的术后复发风险明显高于CMTM6 mRNA低表达组(log-rankχ^(2)=5.782,P=0.016)。多因素logistic回归模型分析结果显示,AFP>400 ng/mL(OR=65.263)、肝硬化(OR=3.166)、肿瘤低分化(OR=21.005)、ALB<35 g/L(OR=14.995)和CMTM6 mRNA高表达(OR=89.751)均是HCC患者术后复发的独立危险因素(P均<0.05)。结论CMTM6高表达与HCC术后复发有显著相关性,CMTM6可能是潜在的HCC患者的预后预测指标和治疗靶点。

超声造影在肝细胞癌手术患者中的诊断及应用价值研究

目的研究超声造影(contrast-enhanced ultrasound,CEUS)在肝细胞癌(hepatocellular carcinoma,HCC)手术患者中的诊断及应用价值。方法选择2020年6月至2022年6月于本院就诊并行手术的HCC患者66例,其中对照组患者行常规检查,共32例,实验组患者在常规检查的基础上行CEUS,共34例。记录患者手术时间、术后进食时间、术后最高ALT、TBIL恢复正常时间、PCNA、Bax免疫组化结果及病理结果等,所有患者术后随访1年并记录术后复发情况。结果实验组在术中出血量(93.85±1.89 vs.102.96±2.88,mL)、手术时间(40.41±9.93 vs.80.23±18.27,min)、住院时间(11.65±1.35 vs.12.86±1.29,d)及拔除引流管时间(4.12±0.37 vs.5.59±0.24,d)等方面优于对照组(P<0.05)。实验组在术后最高TBIL值(26.25±1.43 vs.27.98±1.36,μmol/L)、TBIL恢复正常时间(5.17±1.15 vs.5.83±0.97,d)、术后最高ALT值(274.09±29.68 vs.312.05±30.89,U/L)及ALT恢复正常时间(8.83±1.18 vs.9.47±1.38,d)等方面,优于对照组(P<0.05)。对照组的组织肿瘤细胞阳性率和患者肿瘤细胞阳性率分别为9.38%和12.50%,实验组均未检测到阳性情况(P<0.05)。对照组患者术后9、12个月的肿瘤复发率分别为6.25%和15.63%,实验组术后1年内无肿瘤复发情况(P<0.05)。实验组的PCNA阳性表达率和Bax阳性表达率分别为7.84%和46.08%,对照组分别为18.75%和39.58%(P<0.05)。结论HCC患者术中行CEUS可以缩短手术时间、住院时间,促进肝功能恢复,降低组织肿瘤细胞阳性率和肿瘤复发率等,值得推广。

Prediction of recurrence and prognosis in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma after resection by use of CLIP score

AIM: The survival time of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after resection is hard to predict. Both residual liver function and tumor extension factors should be considered. A new scoring system has recently been proposed by the Cancer of the Liver Italian Program (CLIP). CLIP score was confirmed to be one of the best ways to stage patients with HCC. To our knowledge, however, the literature concerning the correlation between CLIP score and prognosis for patients with HCC after resection was not published. The aim of this study is to evaluate the recurrence and prognostic value of CLIP score for the patients with HCC after resection. METHODS: A retrospective survey was carried out in 174 patients undergoing resection of HCC from January 1986 to June 1998. Six patients who died in the hospital after operation and 11 patients with the recurrence of the disease were excluded at 1 month after hepatectomy. By the end of June 2001, 4 patients were lost and 153 patients with curative resection have been followed up for at least three years. Among 153 patients, 115 developed intrahepatic recurrence and 10 developed extrahepatic recurrence, whereas the other 28 remained free of recurrence. Recurrences were classified into early (【 or =3 year) and late (】3 year) recurrence. The CLIP score included the parameters involved in the Child-Pugh stage (0-2), plus macroscopic tumor morphology (0-2), AFP levels (0-1), and the presence or absence of portal thrombosis (0-1). By contrast, portal vein thrombosis was defined as the presence of tumor emboli within vascular channel analyzed by microscopic examination in this study. Risk factors for recurrence and prognostic factors for survival in each group were analyzed by the chi-square test, the Kaplan-Meier estimation and the COX proportional hazards model respectively. RESULTS: The 1-, 3-, 5-, 7-,and 10-year disease-free survival rates after curative resection of HCC were 57.2%, 28.3%, 23.5%, 18.8%, and 17.8%, respectively. Median survival time was 28, 10, 4, and 5 mo for CLIP score 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 to 5, respectively. Early and late recurrence developed in 109 patients and 16 patients respectively. By the chi-square test, tumor size, microsatellite, venous invasion, tumor type (uninodular, multinodular, massive), tumor extension (【 or = or 】50% of liver parenchyma replaced by tumor), TNM stage, CLIP score, and resection margin were the risk factors for early recurrence, whereas CLIP score and Child-Pugh stage were significant risk factors for late recurrence. In univariate survival analysis, Child-Pugh stages, resection margin, tumor size, microsatellite, venous invasion, tumor type, tumor extension, TNM stages, and CLIP score were associated with prognosis. The multivariate analysis by COX proportional hazards model showed that the independent predictive factors of survival were resection margins and TNM stages. CONCLUSION: CLIP score has displayed a unique superiority in predicting the tumor early and late recurrence and prognosis in the patients with HCC after resection.

The value and limitation of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization in preventing recurrence of resected hepatocellular carcinoma

AIM: To evaluate the value and limitation of postoperative transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) in preventing recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS: In the first group, 987 postoperative patients with HCC, who did not have any evidence of recurrence in the first preventative TACE but were found to have recurrence at different times during the follow-up survey, were analyzed. In the second group, 643 postoperative patients with HCC had no TACE for compared study. To study the relationship between the recurrence time and the number of TACE treatments was analyzed. RESULTS: The 6-, 12-, and 18-mo recurrence rates in the first and second groups were 22.2% (210 cases) vs 61.6% (396 cases), 78.0% (770 cases) vs74.7% (480 cases) and 88.6% (874 cases) vs80.1% (515 cases). There were significant differences between the recurrence rates of the two groups at 6 mo (P＜0.0001).CONCLUSION: The principal role of TACE after HCC operation is to suppress, detect early and treat micrometastasis. It has a good effect of preventing recurrence of HCC in 6 mo, but such an effect is less satisfactory in a longer period. When it is uncertain whether HCC is singlecentral or multi-central and if there is cancer residue or metastasis after operation, TACE is valuable to prevent recurrence.

Impact of obesity on the surgical outcome following repeat hepatic resection in Japanese patients with recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma

AIM: To evaluate the impact of obesity on the posto- perative outcome after hepatic resection in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS: Data from 328 consecutive patients with primary HCC and 60 patients with recurrent HCC were studied. We compared the surgical outcomes between the non-obese group (body mass index: BMI < 25 kg/m2) and the obese group (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2). RESULTS: Following curative hepatectomy in patients with primary HCC, the incidence of postoperative complications and the long-term prognosis in the non- obese group (n = 240) were comparable to those in the obese group (n = 88). Among patients with recurrent HCC, the incidence of postoperative complications after repeat hepatectomy was not significantly different between the non-obese group (n = 44) and the obese group (n = 16). However, patients in the obese group showed a significantly poorer long-term prognosis than those in the non-obese group (P < 0.05, five-yearsurvival rate; 51.9% and 92.0%, respectively). CONCLUSION: Obesity alone may not have an adverse effect on the surgical outcomes of patients with primary HCC. However, greater caution seems to be required when planning a repeat hepatectomy for obese patients with recurrent HCC.

Relationship between microvessel count and post-hepatectomy survival in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma

AIM: To elucidate the relationship between the microvessel count (MVC) by CD34 analyzed by immunohistochemical method and prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients who underwent hepatectomy based on our preliminary study. METHODS: We examined relationships between MVC and clinicopathological factors in 128 HCC patients. The modifi ed Japan Integrated Staging score (mJIS) was applied to examine subsets of HCC patients. RESULTS: Median MVC was 178/mm^2, which was used as a cut-off value. MVC was not signif icantly associated with any clinicopathologic factors or postoperative recurrent rate. Lower MVC was associated with poor disease-free and overall survivals by univariate analysis (P = 0.039 and P = 0.087, respectively) and lower MVC represented an independent poor prognostic factor in disease-free survival by Cox’s multivariateanalysis (risk ratio, 1.64; P = 0.024), in addition to tumor size, vascular invasion, macroscopic fi nding and hepatic dysfunction. Signifi cant differences in disease-free and overall survivals by MVC were observed in HCC patients with mJIS 2 (P = 0.046 and P = 0.0014, respectively), but not in those with other scores. CONCLUSION: Tumor MVC appears to offer a useful prognostic marker of HCC patient survival, particularly in HCC patients with mJIS 2.

Selection criteria for liver resection in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and chronic liver disease

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignancies worldwide with an annual occurrence of one million new cases. An etiologic association between HBV infection and the development of HCC has been established with a relative risk 200-fold greater than in non-infected individuals. Hepatitis C virus is also proving an important predisposing factor for this malignancy with an incidence rate of 7% at 5 years and 14% at 10 years. The prognosis depends on tumor stage and degree of liver function, which affect the tolerance to invasive treatments. Although surgical resection is generally accepted as the treatment of choice for HCC, new treatment strategies, such as local ablative therapies, transarterial embolization and liver transplantation, have been developed nowadays. With increasing detection of small HCCs from screening programs for cirrhotic patients, it is foreseen that locoregional therapy will play an important role in the near future.

Des-gamma-carboxy prothrombin as an important prognostic indicator in patients with small hepatocellular carcinoma

AIM:To clarify the effect of a high des-gamma-carboxy prothrombin (DCP) level on the invasiveness and prognosis of small hepatocellular carcinoma. METHODS: Among 142 consecutive patients with known DCP levels, who underwent hepatectomy because of hepatocellular carcinoma, 85 patients met the criteria for small hepatocellular carcinoma, i.e. one ≤ 5 cm sized single tumor or no more than three ≤ 3 cm sized tumors. RESULTS: The overall survival rate of the 142 patients was 92.1% for 1 year, 69.6% for 3 years, and 56.9% for 5 years. Multivariate analysis showed that microscopic vascular invasion (P = 0.03) and serum DCP ≥ 400 mAU/mL (P = 0.02) were independent prognostic factors. In the group of patients who met the criteria for small hepatocellular carcinoma, DCP ≥ 400 mAU/mL was found to be an independent prognostic factor for recurrence-free (P = 0.02) and overall survival (P = 0.0005). In patients who did not meet the criteria, the presence of vascular invasion was an independent factor for recurrence-free (P = 0.02) and overall survivals (P = 0.01). In 75% of patients with small hepatocellular carcinoma and high DCP levels, recurrence occurred extrahepatically. CONCLUSION: For small hepatocellular carcinoma, a high preoperative DCP level appears indicative fortumor recurrence. Because many patients with a high preoperative DCP level develop extrahepatic recurrence, it is necessary to screen the whole body.

Long-term outcome of percutaneous ethanol injection therapy for minimum-sized hepatocellular carcinoma

AIM： To evaluate long-term follow-up of minimum-sized hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC） treated with percutaneous ethanol injection （PEI）. METHODS： PEI was applied to 42 lesions in 31 patients （23 male and eight female） with HCC 〈 15 mm in diameter, over the past 15 years. RESULTS： Overall survival rate was 74.1% at 3 years, 49.9% at 5 years, 27.2% at 7 years and 14.5% at 10 years. These results are superior to, or at least the same as those for hepatic resection and radiofrequency ablation. Survival was affected only by liver function, but not by sex, age, etiology of Hepatitis B virus or Hepatitis C virus, α-fetoprotein levels, arterial and portal blood flow, histological characteristics, and tumor multiplicity or size. Patients in Chiid-Pugh class A and B had 5-, 7- and 10-years survival rates of 76.0%, 42.2% and 15.8%, and 17.1%, 8.6% and 0%, respectively （P = 0.025）. CONCLUSION： Treatment with PEI is best indicated for patients with HCC 〈 15 mm in Child-Pugh class A.

Comparison of laparoscopic vs open liver lobectomy(segmentectomy) for hepatocellular carcinoma

AIM:To investigate the effects of laparoscopic hepatectomy for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) .METHODS:From 2006 to January 2011,laparoscopic hepatectomies were performed on 30 cases of HCC at Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital. During this sametime period,30 patients elected to undergo conventional open hepatectomy over laparoscopic hepatectomy at the time of informed consent. The degree of invasiveness and outcomes of laparoscopic hepatectomy compared to open hepatectomy for HCC were evaluated.RESULTS:Both groups presented with similar bloodloss amounts,operating times and complications. Patients in the laparoscopic hepatectomy group started walking and eating significantly earlier than those inthe open hepatectomy group,and these more rapid recoveries allowed for shorter hospitalizations. There were no significant differences between procedures insurvival rate.CONCLUSION:Laparoscopic hepatectomy is beneficial for patient quality of life if the indications are appropriately based on preoperative liver function and the location and size of the HCC.

Low central venous pressure reduces blood loss in hepatectomy

AIM： To investigate the effect of low central venous pressure （LCVP） on blood loss during hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC）. METHODS： By the method of sealed envelope, 50 HCC patients were randomized into LCVP group （n=25） and control group （n=25）. In LCVP group, CVP was maintained at 2-4 mmHg and systolic blood pressure （SBP） above 90 mmHg by manipulation of the patient＇s posture and administration of drugs during hepatectomy, while in control group hepatectomy was performed routinely without lowering CVP. The patients＇ preoperative conditions, volume of blood loss during hepatectomy, volume of blood transfusion, length of hospital stay, changes in hepatic and renal functions were compared between the two groups. RESULTS： There were no significant differences in patients＇ preoperative conditions, maximal tumor dimension, pattern of hepatectomy, duration of vascular occlusion, operation time, weight of resected liver tissues, incidence of post-operative complications, hepatic and renal functions between the two groups. LCVP group had a markedly lower volume of total intraoperative blood loss and blood loss during hepatectomy than the control group, being 903.9 ± 180.8 mL vs 2 329.4 ±2 538.4 （W=495.5, P〈0.01） and 672.4±429.9 mL vs 1 662.6±1 932.1 （W=543.5, P〈0.01）. There were no remarkable differences in the pre-resection and post-resection blood losses between the two groups. The length of hospital stay was significantly shortened in LCVP group as compared with the control group, being 16.3±6.8 d vs 21.5 ± 8.6 d （W= 532.5, P〈0.05）.CONCLUSION： LCVP is easily achievable in technique. Maintenance of CVP ≤4 mmHg can help reduce blood loss during hepatectomy, shorten the length of hospital stay, and has no detrimental effects on hepatic or renal function.

Construction and clinical significance of a predictive system for prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma

AIM: The aims of this study were to explore individualized treatment method for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients whose maximum tumor size was less than 5 cm to improve prognosis and survival quality. METHODS: Thirty cases of primary HCC patients undergoing tumor resection were retrospectively analyzed (resection group). All the tumors were proved as primary HCC with pathologic examination. The patients were divided into two groups according to follow-up results: group A, with tumor recurrence within 1 year after resection; group B, without tumor recurrence within 1 year. Immunohist-ochemical stainings were performed using 11 kinds of monoclonal antibodies (AFP, c-erbB2, c-met, c-myc, HBsAg, HCV, Ki-67, MMP-2, nm23-H1, P53, and VEGF), and expressing intensities were quantitatively analyzed. Regression equation using factors affecting prognosis of HCC was constructed with binary logistic method. HCC patients undergoing percutaneous microwave coagulation therapy (PMCT) were also retrospectively analyzed (PMCT group). Immunohistochemical stainings of tumor biopsy samples were performed with molecules related to HCC prognosis, staining intensities were quantitatively analyzed, coincidence rate of prediction was calculated. RESULTS: In resection group, the expressing intensities of c-myc, Ki-67, MMP-2 and VEGF in cancer tissue in group A were significantly higher than those in group B (t = 2.97, P= 0.01; t = 2.42, P= 0.03<0.05; t = 2.57, P= 0.02<0.05; t = 3.43, P = 0.004<0.01, respectively); the expressing intensities of 11 kinds of detected molecules in para-cancer tissue in groups A and B were not significantly different (P>0.05). The regression equation predicting prognosis of HCC is as follows: P(1) = 1/[1+e-(3.663-0.412mycc-2.187kl-67c-0.397vegfc)]. It demonstrates that prognosis of HCC in resection group was related with c-myc, Ki-67 and VEGF expressing intensity in cancer tissue. In PMCT group, the expressing intensities of c-myc, Ki-67 and VEGF in cancer tissue in group A were significantly higher than those in group B (t = 4.57, P= 0.000<0.01; t = 2.08, P= 0.04<0.05; t = 2.38, P= 0.02<0.05, respectively); the expressing intensities of c-myc, Ki-67 and VEGF in para-cancer tissue in groups A and B were not significantly different (P>0.05). The coincidence rate of patients undergoing PMCT in group A was 88.00% (22/25), in group B 68.75% (11/16), the total coincidence rate was 80.49% (33/41). CONCLUSION: The regression equation is accurate and feasible and could be used for predicting prognosis of HCC, it helps to select treatment method (resection or PMCT) for HCC patients to realize individualized treatment to improve prognosis.

Long-term outcomes of hepatectomy vs percutaneous ablation for treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma≤4 cm

AIM： To determine which treatment modality - hepatectomy or percutaneous ablation - is more beneficial for patients with small hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC） （≤4 cm） in terms of long-term outcomes. METHODS： A retrospective analysis of 149 patients with HCC ≤ 4 cm was conducted. Eighty-five patients underwent partial hepatectomy （anatomic in 47 and nonanatomic in 38） and 64 underwent percutaneous ablation （percutaneous ethanol injection in 37, radiofrequency ablation in 21, and microwave coagulation in 6）. The median follow-up period was 69 mo. RESULTS： Hepatectomy was associated with larger tumor size （P〈0.001）, whereas percutaneous ablation was significantly associated with impaired hepatic functional reserve. Local recurrence was less frequent following hepatectomy （P〈0.0001）. Survival was better following hepatectomy （median survival time： 122 mo） than following percutaneous ablation （median survival time： 66 mo; P= 0.0123）. When tumor size was divided into ≤ 2 cm vs 〉 2 cm, the favorable effects of hepatectomy on long-term survival was seen only in patients with tumors 〉2 cm （P= 0.0001）. The Cox proportional hazards regression model revealed that hepatoctomy （P= 0.006） and tumors ≤ 2 cm （P=0.017） were independently associated with better survival. CONCLUSION： Hepatectomy provides both better local control and better long-term survival for patients with HCC ≤4 cm compared with percutaneous ablation. Of the patients with HCC ≤4 cm, those with tumors 〉 2 cm are good candidates for hepatectomy, provided that the hepatic functional reserve of the patient permits resection.