一例经胸腔-膈肌入路B超引导荧光镜下肝肿瘤射频消融术的手术配合

总结1例经胸腔-膈肌入路B超引导荧光镜下肝肿瘤射频消融术的手术配合。其手术配合要点为:掌握仪器设备的使用是手术顺利进行的前提,掌握患者情况、了解手术步骤、加强术中观察、准确提供手术物品、优质配合是手术顺利进行的保障。

基于MDASI-TCM的232例肝脏恶性肿瘤射频消融患者的症状管理实践

目的总结232例肝脏恶性肿瘤患者行超声引导下射频消融术后常见症状的发生率、程度及症状管理的实践经验。方法应用肿瘤常见症状及中医症状调查量表(MDASI-TCM)对科室2018年7月—2022年11月收治的232例肝脏恶性肿瘤患者在射频消融术后进行评估,对筛查出的症状按照科室制订的症状管理流程系统地有针对性的进行干预和管理,在出院前对患者再次采用MDASI-TCM进行症状管理的效果评价。结果肝射频消融术后患者常见症状发生率前五位依次为疼痛(58.19%)、疲乏(51.29%)、恶心(47.41%)、睡眠(42.24%)、苦恼(38.79%),症状程度以轻度为主,会对患者产生一定程度的生活干扰;根据症状管理流程对肝脏肿瘤射频消融患者进行有针对性的症状管理干预后,患者症状发生率、程度及对生活的干扰均明显改善。结论超声引导下肝射频消融治疗后对患者症状及程度进行及时评估有利于医护人员快速、全面掌握患者一般状况,对筛查出的症状进行规范的全程化管理,并有针对性的进行健康指导,能有效地改善患者术后症状,减少对患者生活的干扰,提高患者围手术期的生活质量,降低不良反应的发生率,有利于患者术后身体的尽快康复。

局麻下超声引导射频消融用于肝肿瘤患者镇静的观察

目的观察局麻下肝肿瘤超声引导射频消融(RFA)术中不同部位及大小肝肿瘤与镇静的关系。方法100例ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级恶性肝肿瘤患者,深部肝肿瘤64例,浅部肝肿瘤36例,静注咪唑安定至警觉/镇静评分(OAA/S)达3～4分时静注芬太尼,开始RFA,根据OAA/S判断镇静深度及时追加以上药物,剂量减半,必要时复合丙泊酚。观察深部及浅部肝肿瘤患者在肿瘤大小不同时的镇静药用药情况及与镇静关系,记录OAA/S、呼吸及循环变化。结果深部肝肿瘤患者不同大小所用丙泊酚差异有显著意义(P<0.05),肿瘤大小与镇静深度有关。浅部肝肿瘤患者无论肿瘤大小所用丙泊酚差异无显著意义,肿瘤大小与镇静深度无关。深部肝肿瘤在大小不同时患者所需镇静深度不同(P<0.05),深部直径为0.5～2.9cm肝肿瘤趋向于达到轻度镇静水平,OAA/S为3～4分,直径为3.0～5.0cm趋向达到较深镇静水平,OAA/S为1～2分。浅部肝肿瘤患者不论肿瘤大小均趋向于达到较深镇静水平,OAA/S为1～2分。术中10～90min时,深部肝肿瘤直径为3.0～5.0cm和浅部肝肿瘤的患者OAA/S均低于深部肝肿瘤直径为0.5～2.9cm的患者(P<0.05)。深部与浅部肝肿瘤患者间术中HR、MAP及SpO2的变化差异无显著意义。结论RFA术时,肝肿瘤部位及大小不同时所需镇静药及镇静深度不同。

术中增强CT及全身麻醉下呼吸控制在特殊部位肝肿瘤射频消融中的有效性评价

目的探讨术中增强CT及全身麻醉下呼吸控制在特殊部位肝肿瘤射频消融中的有效性。方法收集来我院进行治疗的104例患者的临床资料。对患者进行CT引导下的射频消融术治疗。观察疗效、并发症发生情况。结果对患者进行增强CT引导和全身麻醉下的RFA治疗。对大血管旁和非大血管旁两组特殊部位肿瘤的RFA局部残余率对比,差异不显著(P>0.05)。共发生1例严重并发症,发生率为0.96%。结论术中增强CT及全身麻醉下呼吸控制对于特殊部位肝肿瘤射频消融效果较好,患者并发症发生较少。

射频消融术后奥沙利铂联合胸腺法新治疗晚期肝癌的疗效分析

目的探究射频消融术(RFA)后奥沙利铂联合胸腺法新治疗晚期肝癌的临床疗效。方法选取2015—2018年阜阳市人民医院和阜阳市第二人民医院收治的43例晚期肝癌患者为研究对象。对所有患者编号1~43号,其中奇数为A组(22例)采用RFA+奥沙利铂方案治疗,偶数为B组(21例)采用RFA+奥沙利铂+胸腺法新方案治疗。治疗后对两组免疫指标[CD3(+)、CD4(+)、CD4(+)/CD8(+)]、肝功能(AST、ALT、TBIL)、白蛋白、血清指标(CEA、AFP)、近期疗效、1年总生存率、不良反应进行成组t检验或χ^(2)检验。结果CD_(3)(+)、CD_(4)(+)、CD_(4)(+)/CD_(8)(+)、AST、ALT、TBIL、白蛋白、CEA、AFP显著优于治疗前(P<0.05),且B组优于A组(P<0.05)。B组近期疗效、1年生存率显著高于A组(P<0.05)。治疗过程中B组恶心呕吐发生率显著低于A组(P<0.05)。结论RFA后奥沙利铂联合胸腺法新治疗方案可改善晚期肝癌患者机体免疫力、提高近期疗效和1年总生存率且安全性好。

Radiofrequence ablation of liver cancers

Primary and secondary malignant liver cancer are some of most common malignant tumors in the world. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy are not very effective against them. Surgical resection has been considered the only potentially curtive option, but the majority of patients are not candidates for resection because of tumor size, location near major intrahepatic blood vessels and bile ducts, precluding a margin-negative resection, cirrhotic, hepatitis virus infection or multifocial. Radiofrequence ablation (RFA), which is a new evolving effective and minimally invasive technique, can produce coagulative necrosis of malignant tumors. RFA should be used percutaneously, laparascopically, or during the open laparotomy under the guidance of ultrasound, CT scan and MRI. RFA has lots of advantages superior to other local therapies including lower complications, reduced costs and hospital stays, and the possibility of repeated treatment. In general, RFA is a safe, effective treatment for unresectable malignant liver tumors less than 7.0 cm in diameter. We review the principle, mechanism, procedures and experience with RFA for treating malignant liver tumors.

Contrast-enhanced 3D ultrasound in the radiofrequency ablation of liver tumors

Liver metastases and hepatocellular carcinomas are two of the most common causes of cancer deaths in the world.Radiofrequency ablation(RFA) is a well recognized,effective and minimally invasive means of treating malignant hepatic tumors.This article describes the use of contrast-enhanced 3D ultrasound(CE-3DUS) in the staging,targeting and follow-up of patients with liver tumors undergoing RFA.In particular,its value in the management of large hepatic lesions will be illustrated.Current limitations of CE-3DUS and future developments in the technique will also be discussed.In summary,CE-3DUS is useful in the RFA of liver tumors with improved detection and display of occult lesions and recurrence,in the assessment of lesional geometry and orientation for a more accurate planning and guidance of multiple RFA needle electrodes in large tumors and in the evaluation of residual or recurrent disease within the immediate and/or subsequent follow-up periods.

Treatment efficacy of radiof requency ablation of 338 patients with hepatic malignant tumor and the relevant complications

AIM： To investigate the treatment efficacy of radiofrequency ablation （RFA） of hepatic malignant tumor and the relevant complications. METHODS： A total of 338 patients with 763 hepatic tumors underwent ultrasound-guided RFA （565 procedures）. There were 204 cases of hepatic cellular carcinoma （HCC） with 430 tumors, the mean largest diameter was 4.0 cm. Of them, 48 patients （23.5%） were in stages Ⅰ-Ⅱ （UICC Systems） and 156 （76.5%） in stages Ⅲ-Ⅳ There were 134 cases of metastatic liver carcinoma （MLC）, with 333 metastases in the liver, the mean diameter was 4.1 cm, the liver metastases of 96 patients （71.6%） came from gastrointestinal tract. Ninety-three percent of the 338 patients were treated using the relatively standard protocol. Crucial attention must be paid to monitor the abnormal changes in ultrasound images as well as the vital signs of the patients to find the possible hemorrhage and peripheral structures injury in time. The tumors were considered as ablated completely, if no viability was found on enhanced CT within 24 h or at 1 mo after RFA. These patients were followed up for 3-57 too. RESULTS： The ablation success rate was 93.3% （401/430 tumors） for HCC and was 96.7% （322/333 tumors） for MLC. The local recurrence rate for HCC and MLC was 7.9% （34/430 tumors） and 10.5% （351333 tumors）, respectively. A total of 137 patients （40.5%） underwent 2-11 times of repeated ablations because of tumor recurrence or metastasis. The 1st, 2nd, and 3rd year survival rate was 84.6%, 66.6%, and 63.1%, respectively; the survival rate from 48 patients of I-II stage HCC was 93.7%, 80.4%, and 80.4%, respectively. The major complication rate in this study was 2.5% （14 of 565 procedures）, which consisted of 5 hemorrhages, i colon perforation, 5 injuries of adjacent structures, 2 bile leakages, and 1 skin burn. CONCLUSION： RFA, as a minimally invasive local treatment, has become an effective and relatively safe alternativefor the patients of hepatic malignant tumor, even of advanced liver tumor, tumor recurrence, and liver metastases. Knowledge about possible complications and their control may increase the treatment efficacy and help to promote the use of RFA technique.

Risk factors for the recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma after radiofrequency ablation of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with hepatitis C

AIM: To analyze the risk factors of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) recurrence after radiofrequency ablation (RFA) treatment with HCV-associated hepatitis. METHODS: Twenty-six patients with HCV-associated HCC who were followed-up for more than 12 mo were selected for this study. Risk factors for distant intrahepatic recurrences of HCC were evaluated for patients in whom complete coagulation was achieved without recurrence in the same subsegment as the primary nodule. Twelve clinical and tumoral factors were examined: Age, gender, nodule diameter, number of primary HCC nodule, Child-Pugh classification, serum platelet, serum albumin, serum AST, post RFA AST, serum ALT, post RFA ALT, post RFA treatment.RESULTS: Distant recurrences of HCC in remnant liver after RFA were observed in 14 cases and in the number of primary HCC nodules (P = 0.047), and the serum platelets (P = 0.030), the clear difference came out by the recurrence group and the non-recurrence group. The cumulative recurrence rates after 1 and 2 years were30.8% and 86.8%, respectively for primary multinodular HCC, and 15.4% and 29.5% respectively, for primary uninodular HCC. In addition the 1-year recurrence rates for patients with serum albumin more than 3.4 g/dL and less than 3.4 g/dL were 23.1% for both, but the 2-years recurrence rates were 89.0% and 23.1%, respectively. The number of primary HCC nodules (relative risk, 6.970; P = 0.016) were found to be a statistically significant predictor for poor distant intrahepatic recurrence by univariate analysis.CONCLUSION: Patients who have multiple HCC nodules, low serum platelets and low serum albumin accompanied by HCV infection, should be carefully followed because of the high incidence of new HCC lesions in the remnant liver, even if coagulation RFA is complete.

Radiofrequency ablation for incidentally identified primary intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma

Cholangiocarcinoma is the second most common primary hepato-biliary malignancy. The majority of patients with primary hepatic tumors are not suitable candidates for resection, due to advanced stage of the disease at presentation, anatomic limitations and medical comorbidities. At present, radiofrequency ablation (RFA) may offer an alternative, feasible and safe therapy for selected patients with hepatic tumors, who are not otherwise candidates for hepatic resection. Herein, we present the case of successful RFA in a patient with a solitary, primary intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. The patient remained free of disease 24 mo after the procedure, and is still followed up. This is the first report of RFA application inthe treatment of primary intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.

Outcome of transarterial chemoembolization in patients with inoperable hepatocellular carcinoma eligible for radiofrequency ablation

AIM： To evaluate the outcome of transarterial chemoembolization （TACE）in patients with unresectable hepatocellular cardnoma （HCC） 〈5 cm in diameter eligible for radiofrequency ablation （RFA）. METHODS： The treatment-related mortality, morbidity, long-term survival, and prognostic factors of HCC patients who had TACE and fulfilled the present inclusion criteria for RFA were evaluated. RESULTS： Of the 748 patients treated with TACE between January 1990 and December 2002, 114 patients were also eligible for RFA. The treatment-related mortality and morbidity were 1% and 19%, respectively. Survival at 1, 3, and 5 years was 80%, 43%, and 23%, respectively. Older age and a high albumin level were associated with a better survival, whereas a high α-fetoprotein level （AFP） and the size of the largest tumor 〉3 cm in diameter were adverse prognostic factors in multivariate analysis. CONCLUSION： The morbidity, mortality, and survival data after TACE for small HCCs eligible for RFA are comparable to those reported after RFA in the literature. Our data suggest the need for a randomized comparison of the two treatment modalities for small HCCs.

Lamivudine treatment enabling right hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma in decompensated cirrhosis

A 69-year-old man was admitted to our hospital in October 2003,for further examination of two liver tumors.He was diagnosed with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) arising from decompensated hepatitis B virus(HBV)-related cirrhosis.Long-term lamivudine administration improved liver function dramatically despite repeated treatment for HCC.His Child-Pugh score was 9 points at start of lamivudine treatment,improving to 5 points after 1 year.His indocyanine green at 15 min after injection test score was 48%before lamivudine treat-ment,improving to 22%after 2 years and to 5%after 4 years.Radiofrequency ablation controlled the HCC foci and maintained his liver function.In April 2009,abdominal computed tomography revealed a tumor thrombus in the right portal vein.Since his indocyanine green test results had improved to less than 10%,we performed a right hepatectomy,which was successful.To our knowledge,there have been no documented reports of patients undergoing successful right hepatectomy for HCC arising from decompensated cirrhosis.The findings observed in our patient indicate the importance of nucleoside analogs for treating HBV-related HCC.