饲料碳水化合物水平对斜带石斑鱼生长性能、体成分、血浆生化指标及肠道和肝脏酶活性的影响

本试验旨在研究饲料碳水化合物水平对斜带石斑鱼生长性能、体成分、血浆生化指标及肠道和肝脏酶活性的影响。选择健康、初重(102.80±1.02)g的斜带石斑鱼300尾,随机分为5个组,每组3个重复,每个重复20尾。5组分别投喂碳水化合物水平为7%、14%、21%、28%和35%的等氮等能的试验饲料。试验期8周。结果表明:1)28%组的特定生长率(SGR)、增重率(WGR)显著高于其他各组(P<0.05),28%组的饲料系数(FCR)显著低于7%和14%组(P<0.05),28%和35%组的蛋白质效率(PER)、肥满度(CF)和肝体比(HSI)显著高于7%组(P<0.05),35%组的脏体比(VSI)显著高于7%组(P<0.05)。2)7%组的干物质表观消化率显著低于21%、28%和35%组(P<0.05)。35%组的粗脂肪和能量表观消化率显著低于7%、14%和21%组(P<0.05)。3)28%和35%组的全鱼粗蛋白质含量显著低于7%组(P<0.05),35%组的全鱼粗脂肪含量显著高于其他各组(P<0.05),35%组的全鱼粗灰分含量显著小于7%、14%和28%组(P<0.05)。28%和35%组的肌肉粗脂肪含量显著高于7%组(P<0.05),7%组的肌肉粗灰分含量显著高于其他各组(P<0.05)。35%组的肝糖原含量显著高于7%、14%和21%组(P<0.05),35%组的肌糖原含量显著高于其他各组(P<0.05)。4)7%组的血浆总蛋白(TP)含量显著低于其他各组(P<0.05),21%、28%和35%组的血浆葡萄糖(GLU)含量显著高于7%和14%组(P<0.05),28%和35%组的血浆甘油三酯(TG)含量显著高于7%和14%组(P<0.05),28%和35%组的血浆总胆固醇(TC)含量显著高于7%、14%和21%组(P<0.05)。5)35%组的肝脏己糖激酶(HK)活性显著高于7%组(P<0.05),35%组的肝脏磷酸果糖激酶(PFK)活性显著高于其他各组(P<0.05),35%组的肝脏葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶(G6PDH)活性显著高于7%、14%和21%组(P<0.05),21%和28%组的肝脏果糖-1,6-二磷酸酶(FBPase)活性显著高于7%、14%和35%组(P<0.05)。6)35%组的肠道胃蛋白酶(PS)活性显著高于7%、14%、28%组(P<0.05),35%组的肠道脂肪酶(LPS)活性显著低于7%、14%和28%组(P<0.05),35%组的肠道淀粉酶(AMS)活性显著高于7%、14%和28%组(P<0.05)。7)35%组的肝脏碱性磷酸酶(AKP)活性显著高于其他各组(P<0.05),7%组的肝脏酸性磷酸酶(ACP)活性显著高于21%、28%和35%组(P<0.05),28%组的肝脏超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性显著高于7%组(P>0.05),28%和35%组的肝脏溶菌酶(LZM)活性显著高于7%、14%和21%组(P<0.05)。上述结果显示,饲料中适宜的碳水化合物水平可以改善斜带石斑鱼的生长性能,且对体成分、营养物质表观消化率、血浆生化指标及消化、免疫、代谢酶活性有一定影响,饲料中高碳水化合物水平将导致鱼体HSI、VSI及肌糖原、肝糖原含量升高。以SGR为评价指标,经二次回归曲线模型拟合后得出,斜带石斑鱼对饲料中碳水化合物适宜需要量为28.50%。

Celiac disease markers in patients with liver diseases: A single center large scale screening study

AIM:To study the coincidence of celiac disease, we tested its serological markers in patients with various liver diseases.METHODS:Large-scale screening of serum antibodies against tissue transglutaminase (tTG), and deamidated gliadin using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and serum antibodies against endomysium using immunohistochemistry, in patients with various liver diseases (n = 962) and patients who underwent liver transplantation (OLTx, n = 523) was performed. The expression of tTG in liver tissue samples of patients simultaneously suffering from celiac disease and from various liver diseases using immunohistochemistry was carried out. The final diagnosis of celiac disease was confirmed by histological analysis of small-intestinal biopsy. RESULTS:We found that 29 of 962 patients (3%) with liver diseases and 5 of 523 patients (0.8%) who underwent OLTx were seropositive for IgA and IgG anti-tTG antibodies. However, celiac disease was biopsy-diagnosed in 16 patients:4 with autoimmune hepatitis type Ⅰ, 3 with Wilson's disease, 3 with celiac hepatitis, 2 with primary sclerosing cholangitis, 1 with primary biliary cirrhosis, 1 with Budd-Chiari syndrome, 1 with toxic hepatitis, and 1 with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Unexpectedly, the highest prevalence of celiac disease was found in patients with Wilson's disease (9.7%), with which it is only rarely associated. On the other hand, no OLTx patients were diagnosed with celiac disease in our study. A pilot study of the expression of tTG in liver tissue using immunohistochemistry documented the overexpression of this molecule in endothelial cells and periportal hepatocytes of patients simultaneously suffering from celiac disease and toxic hepatitis, primary sclerosing cholangitis or autoimmune hepatitis type Ⅰ. CONCLUSION:We suggest that screening for celiac disease may be beneficial not only in patients with associated liver diseases, but also in patients with Wilson's disease.