肝血素在肉仔鸡日粮中的添加效果

肝血素是新鲜的动物肝脏及鲜血经生物化学处理并接种活菌微生物后制成的一种生菌剂。它是由日本发酵工业株式会社研制生产的。据资料介绍,它具有改善畜禽肠内环境、促进生长、提高饲料利用率、降低粪便中氨气(臭味)等作用。为了检验它在促生长及提高饲料利用率方面的实际效能,我们于1991年9月20日进行了肉用仔鸡饲养试验。

肝血素在两种肉用仔鸡日粮中的添加效果

日本发酵工业株式会社研制生产的肝血素,是将新鲜的动物肝脏及鲜血经生物化学处理并接种活菌微生物后制成一种菌剂。据资料介绍,它具有改善畜禽肠内环境、促进生长、提高饲料利用率、降低粪便中氨气(臭味)等作用,为了验证在“玉米——豆粕”型日粮和“玉米——豆粕——菜籽饼”型日粮中添加肝血素饲养肉用仔鸡的效果,我们自1991年9月20日进行了肉用仔鸡饲养试验,为期47天。

肝血素与低聚木糖配合应用对肉兔生产性能的影响

为探讨微生物制剂与低聚木糖联合应用对肉兔的饲养效果,试验选用伊普吕商品肉兔600只,分为3个试验组和对照组,所有组在同样条件下饲养。对照组饲喂基础日粮,3个试验组在基础日粮中分别添加0.2%肝血素、0.02%低聚木糖、0.2%肝血素+0.02%低聚木糖。试验结果表明:试验组比对照组肉兔的生长速度、饲料报酬、成活率和经济效益得到较大提高。日粮中同时添加0.2%肝血素和0.02%低聚木糖,较单独使用肉兔的增重和饲料报酬均高。

低聚木糖与肝血素对肉兔生产性能的影响

选择42日龄健康伊普吕配套系幼兔600只,随机均分为对照组、试验Ⅰ组(添加0.2%的肝血素和0.02%的低聚木糖)、试验Ⅱ组(添加0.02%的低聚木糖)、试验Ⅲ组(添加0.2%的肝血素),研究低聚木糖与肝血素对肉兔生产性能的影响。结果显示:与对照组相比,试验Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组饲料报酬分别提高了10.8%、4.2%和3.1%,死淘率分别降低了77%、46%和38%,只均收益分别增加了2.38元、1.31元和1.07元,且以试验Ⅰ组饲料报酬、死淘率、经济效益为最佳。

肝血素对肉仔鸡生产性能的影响

研究肝血素对肉仔鸡生产性能、粪便微生物菌群的影响。研究表明,肉鸡增重平均提高12.2％,饲料转化率提高3.2％,成活率提高2.7％,并能改善肉仔鸡微生物肠道菌群,增加有益的双歧杆菌数量,减少大肠杆菌数量,肝血素的最佳添加量为0.2％。

肝血素在两种肉用仔鸡日粮中的添加效果

肝血素是将新鲜的动物盱脏及鲜血经生物化学处理,接种活菌微生物后制成的一种生菌剂。它是由日本发酵工业株式会社研制生产的。据资料介绍,它具有改善畜禽肠内环境、促进生长、提高饲料利用率、降低粪便中氨气(臭味)等作用。为了验证肝血素的促生长及提高饲料利用率的效用,我们于1991年9月20日进行了肉用仔鸡饲养试验,为期47天。一、试验目的了解在“玉米—豆粕”型日粮和“玉米—豆粕—菜籽饼”型日粮中添加肝血素饲养肉用仔鸡的效果。二。

Study on Polymorphisms in the Blood Protein of Tibetan Mastiff

[ Objective] The aim was to study the protein polymorphism in the blood of Tibetan Mastiff, and provide some theoretical basis for resource protection and reasonable development and utilization of Tibetan Mastiff varieties. [ Method] A total of 103 blood samples were taken from four populations of Hequ Tibetan Mastiff, Qinhai Tibetan Mastiff, Tibetan Spaniel and native dogs of Qinghai. Seven blood protein Iocus（Tf, Po, Sα2, Hb, AIb, Pr and Amy）were investigated by using vertical polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with discontinuous buffer system. Then the genetic variation during different populations was analyzed. [ Result] Genetic variations were observed in Tf, Sα2 and Po in four populations, others were not polymorphic. There were three alleles at the locus of Tf and Po, two alleles at the loci of Sα2. Effective number of alleles and Nei＇s average expected heterozygosity were 1. 532 4 and 0.230 3 relatively, all higher in Tibetan Mastiff than other populations. [ Conclusion] Protein locus in blood of Tibetan Mastiff existed in genetic variation.

低聚木糖和益生素配伍在肉兔饲料中的效果

选600只伊普吕配套系42日龄健康幼兔,随即分为4组,即对照组、试验1组(添加0.2%的肝血素和0.02%的低聚木糖)、试验2组(添加0.02%的低聚木糖)和试验3组(添加0.2%的肝血素),每组平均150只兔。结果表明,与对照组相比,试验1组、2组和3组饲料报酬率分别提高10%、4.2%和3%;死淘率分别降低77%、46%和38%;经济效益分别增加2.38、1.31和1.07元,以试验1组(添加0.2%的肝血素和0.02%的低聚木糖)饲料报酬率、死淘率和经济效益最佳。

Haemocompatibility of Ti-3Zr-2Sn-3Mo-25Nb biomedical alloy with surface heparinization using electrostatic self assembly technology

The haemocompatibility of Ti-3Zr-2Sn-3Mo-25Nb biomedical alloy was studied after surface heparinization. A layer of sol-gel TiO2 films was applied on the alloy samples followed by active treatment in the bio-functionalized solution for introducing the OH- and groups, and then the heparin was immobilized on the active TiO2 films through the electrostatic self assembly technology. It is shown that the heparinized films are mainly composed of anatase and rutile with smooth and dense surface. In vitro blood compatibility was evaluated by haemolysis test, clotting time and platelet adhesion behavior tests. The results show that the haemocompatibility of the alloy could be significantly improved by surface heparinization.

Effects of γ interferon on hepatic fibrosis of schistosoma japonicum infected mice *

AIM To probe the effect of γ IFN on hepatic fibrosis in schistosomiasis japonica.

Pharmacokinetics of Native r-SAK in Rabbit's Femoral Artery Thrombosis Model

Objective: To study the pharmacokinetics of native r SAK in rabbit's femoral artery thrombosis model, the “lytic circle' method was used to determine plasma levels of r SAK. Methods: Thirty New Zealand rabbits were randomly assigned to the control (saline 10 ml, 30 min), r SAK low dose (0.25 mg/kg, 30 min), medial dose (0.50 mg/kg, 30 min), high dose (1.00 mg/kg, 30 min), single bolus (0.50 mg/kg, 2 min) and conjunctive therapy (initiated with heparin 200 U/kg, followed by infusion of r SAK 0.50 mg/kg for 30 min, and subsequently infused heparin 50 U/(kg·h) to endpoint) groups. The right femoral artery thrombosis model in rabbit was made by balloon injury, then the thrombolytic agents were infused through parallel ear vein and the blood samples were collected pre thrombolysis and at different time post thrombolysis to determine the plasma levels of r SAK by “lytic circle' method, the plasma levels of r SAK were processed by pharmacokinetic computing procedure to fit the model. Results: The plasma levels of r SAK and the diameters of lytic circles showed a pretty good linear correlation under the scope of 2.0×10 4 2.0×10 6 U/L, and the averaged recycle rate was (96.05±11.35)%(RSD =±11.82%).All peak concentration time in each infusion group was 30 min, and the peak concentrations positively correlated with the doses administrated in infusion groups(r=0.999 98, P <0.000 1). In single bolus group, Peak concentration time was 2 min, and the peak concentration reached (5.16±1.02) mg/L, which was significant higher than that in the same dose r SAK infusion group ( P <0.01). In conjunctive therapy group, the peak concentration showed no significant difference from that in the same dose r SAK infusion group ( P >0.05). The plasma levels of r SAK fit in two compartment model as processed by pharmacokinetic computing procedure in each group. Conclusion: The “lytic circle' method is a simple, practical and reliable method to determine the plasma level of r SAK, and the pharmacokinetics of native r SAK infusion fits in two compartment model in rabbit's femoral artery thrombosis model.

Nitric oxide synthase and heme oxygenase expressions in human liver cirrhosis

AIM： Portal hypertension is a common complication of liver cirrhosis. Intrahepatic pressure can be elevated in several ways. Abnormal architecture affecting the vasculature, an increase in vasoconstrictors and increased circulation from the splanchnic viscera into the portal system may all contribute. It follows that endogenous vasodilators may be able to alleviate the hypertension. We therefore aimed to investigate the levels of endogenous vasodilators, nitric oxide （NO） and carbon monoxide （CO） through the expression of nitric oxide synthase （NOS） and heme oxygenase （HO）. METHOD： Cirrhotic （n = 20） and non-cirrhotic （n = 20） livers were obtained from patients who had undergone surgery. The mRNA and protein expressions of the various isoforms of NOS and HO were examined using competitive PCR, Western Blot and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS： There was no significant change in either inducible NOS （iNOS） or neuronal NOS （nNOS） expressions while endothelial NOS （eNOS） was up- regulated in cirrhotic livers. Concomitantly, caveolin-1, an established down-regulator of eNOS, was upregulated. Inducible HO-1 and constitutive HO-2 were found to show increased expression in cirrhotic livers albeit in different Iocalizations. CONCLUSION： The differences of NOS expression might be due to their differing roles in maintaining liver homeostasis and/or involvement in the pathology of cirrhosis. Sheer stress within the hypertensive liver may induce increased expression of eNOS. In turn, caveolin-1 is also increased. Whether this serves as a defense mechanism against further cirrhosis or is a consequence of cirrhosis, is yet unknown. The elevated expression of HO-1 and HO-2 suggest that CO may compensate in its role as a vasodilator albeit weakly. It is possible that CO and NO have parallel or coordinated functions within the liver and may work antagonistically in the pathophysiology of portal hypertension.

Usefulness of serum des-γ-carboxy prothrombin in detection of hepatocellular carcinoma

AIM： To evaluate whether DCP is better than AFP for differentiating HCC from nonmalignant liver disease and further evaluate the usefulness of DCP in early diagnosis of small HCC. METHODS： Serum DCP and AFP levels were determined in 127 patients. Among these patients, 32 were with noncirrhotic chronic hepatitis, 34 were with compensated cirrhosis, and 61 were with HCC. The cut-off value for the DCP and AFP were set as 40 mAU/mL and 20 ng/mL, respectively. To compare the diagnostic value of DCP and AFP in distinguishing HCC from nonmalignant chronic liver disease, receiver operating characteristic （ROC） curves were constructed for each assay. RESULTS： The accuracy, sensitivity, and specifidty of DCP were higher than AFP in detecting HCC （81.9%, 77%, and 86.4% vs 68.5%, 59%, and 77.3%, respectively）. The area under the ROC （AUROC） curves revealed that DCP had a better accuracy than AFP in diagnosis of HCC （0.85 [95%CI, 0.78-0.91] vs 0.73 [95%CI, 0.65-0.81], P= 0.013）. In 39 patients with solitary HCC, the positive rates of DCP were 100% in patients with tumor size larger than 3 cm, 66.7% in patients with tumor size 2-3 cm and 50% in patients with tumor size less than 2 cm. The positive rates of AFP in patients with tumor size larger than 3 cm, 2-3 crn and less than 2 cm were 55.6%, 50%, and 33.3%, respectively. The median level of DCP in HCC patients with tumor size larger than 3 cm was significantly higher than those with tumor size 2-3 cm and those with the size of less than 2 cm. CONCLUSION： Our study indicates that DCP has a better diagnostic value than AFP in differentiating HCC from nonmalignant chronic liver disease. DCP has not only a stronger correlation with HCC than AFP in tumor size but also more effectiveness than AFP in detecting small size of HCC.

Antioxidant role of heme oxygenase-1 in prehepatic portal hypertensive rats

AIM： To study the effect of bilirubin on the oxidative liver status and the activity and expression of heine oxygenase-1 （HO-1） in rat liver injury induced by prehepatic portal hypertension. METHODS： Wistar male rats, weighing 200-250 g, were divided at random into two groups： one group with prehepatic portal hypertension （PH） induced by regulated prehepatic portal vein ligation （PPVL） and the other group corresponded to sham operated rats. Portal pressure, oxidative stress parameters, antioxidant enzymes, HO-1 activity and expression and hepatic sinusoidal vasodilatation were measured. RESULTS： In PPVL rats oxidative stress was evidenced by a marked increase in thiobarbituric acid reactive substances （TBARS） content and a decrease in reduced glutathione （GSH） levels. The activities of liver antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase （SOD）, catalase （CAT） and glutathione peroxidase （GSH-Px） were also diminished while activity and expression of HO-1 were enhanced. Administration of bilirubin （5μmol/kg body weight） 24 h before the end of the experiment entirely prevented all these effects. Pretreatment with Sn-protoporphyrin IX （Sn-PPIX） （100 μg/kg body weight, i.p.）, a potent inhibitor of HO, completely abolished the oxidative stress and provoked a slight decrease in liver GSH levels as well as an increase in lipid peroxidation. Besides, carbon monoxide, another heme catabolic product, induced a significant increase in sinusoidal hepatic areas in PPVL group. Pretreatment of PPVL rats with Sn-PPIX totally prevented this effect CONCLUSION： These results suggest a beneficial role of HO-1 overexpression in prehepatic portal hypertensive rats.

Inhibitory effect of angiotensinⅡreceptor antagonist on hepatic stellate cell activation in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis

AIM： To investigate the efficacy of angiotensin Ⅱ receptor antagonist on hepatic stellate cells （HSCs） activation in the patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis （NASH）. METHODS： Seven patients with NASH were prescribed Iosartan, a selective angiotensin Ⅱ type 1 receptor antagonist （50 mg/d） for 48 wk. Liver biopsies were performed both at the entry and end of the study in all patients. Quiescent and activated HSCs were identified by double immunostaining using anti-p75 and α-smooth muscle actin antibodies, and the number of each phenotype was counted. Similarly, the liver specimens obtained from the eight patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver （NAFL） were also examined as controls. RESULTS： In NASH hepatic tissues, activated HSCs were dominantly distributed as compared with those in NAFL. The 48-wk Iosartan treatment induced a remarkable decrease in activated HSCs and a mild increase in quiescent phenotypes. CONCLUSION： Our data suggest the crucial involvement of HSCs in anti-fibrotic effect of angiotensin Ⅱ receptor antagonist on patients with NASH.

Efficacy and Safety of Low Molecular Weight Heparin Prophylaxis for Venous Thromboembolism Following Lumbar Decompression Surgery

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) prophylaxis for venous thromboembolism (VTE) after lumbar decompression surgery. Methods Patients at high or the highest risk of VTE who underwent lumbar spine surgery in Peking Union Medical College Hospital from January 2004 to April 2011 were included in the present study. All the patients received a half dose of LMWH 6 hours after surgery followed by a full dose LMWH once per day until discharge. We recorded incidences of deep venous thrombosis (DVT), pulmonary embolism (PE), bleeding complications, and medication side effects. Results Seventy-eight consecutive patients were eligible and enrolled in this study. The mean hospital stat was 8.5±4.5 days. No symptomatic DVT, PE, or major bleeding events were observed. One patient developed wound ecchymosis, another developed wound bleeding, four had mild hepatic aminotransferase level elevation, and one developed a suspicious allergic reaction. Conclusion LMWH may be applied as an effective and safe prophylaxis for VTE in high-risk patients undergoing lumbar decompression surgery.

Protective effect of curcumin against liver warm ischemia/reperfusion injury in rat model is associated with regulation of heat shock protein and antioxidant enzymes

AIM： To investigate the hypothesis that the protective effects of curcumin in hepatic warm ischemia/reperfusion （I/R） injury are associated with increasing heat shock protein 70 （Hsp70） expression and antioxidant enzyme activity. METHODS： Sixty Sprague-Dawley male rats were randomly divided into sham, I/R, C ＋ I/R groups. The model of reduced-size liver warm ischemia and reperfusion was used. Curcumin （50 mg/kg） was administered by injection through a branch of superior mesenteric vein at 30 min before ischemia in C ＋ I/R group. Five rats were used to investigate the survival during 1 wk after operation in each group. Blood samples and liver tissues were obtained in the remaining animals after 3, 12, and 24 h of reperfusion to assess serum alanine aminotransferase （ALT）, aspartate aminotransferase （AST）, liver tissue NO2- ＋ NO3-, malondialdehyde （MDA） content, superoxide dismutase （SOD）, catalase （CAT）, nitricoxide synthase （NOS） and myeloperoxidase （MPO） activity, HspT0 expression and apoptosis ratio. RESULTS： Compared with I/R group, curcumin pretreatment group showed less ischemia/reperfusioninduced injury. CAT and SOD activity and Hsp70 expression increased significantly. A higher rate of apoptosis was observed in I/R group than in C ＋ I/R group, and a significant increase of MDA, NO2^- ＋ NO3^- and MPO level in liver tissues and serum transaminase concentration was also observed in I/R group compared to C ＋ I/R group. Curcumin also decreased the activity of inducible NO synthase （iNOS） in liver after reperfusion,but had no effect on the level of endothelial NO synthase （eNOS） after reperfusion in liver. The 7 d survival rate was significantly higher in C ＋ I/R group than in I/R group. CONCLUSION： Curcumin has protective effects against hepatic I/R injury. Its mechanism might be related to the overexpression of Hsp70 and antioxidant enzymes.

Spectrum of anemia associated with chronic liver disease

Anemia of diverse etiology is a common complication of chronic liver diseases. The causes of anemia include acute or chronic gastrointestinal hemorrhage, and hypersplenism secondary to portal hypertension. Severe hepatocellular disease predisposes to hemorrhage because of impaired blood coagulation caused by deficiency of blood coagulation factors synthesized by hepatocytes, and/or thrombocytopenia. Aplastic anemia, which is characterized by pancytopenia and hypocellular bone marrow, may follow the development of hepatitis. Its presentation includes progressive anemia and hemorrhagic manifestations. Hematological complications of combination therapy for chronic viral hepatitis include clinically signif icant anemia, secondary to treatment with ribavirin and/or interferon. Ribavirininduced hemolysis can be reversed by reducing the dose of the drug or discontinuing it altogether. Interferons may contribute to anemia by inducing bone marrow suppression. Alcohol ingestion is implicated in the pathogenesis of chronic liver disease and may contribute to associated anemia. In patients with chronic liver disease, anemia may be exacerbated by defi ciency of folic acid and/or vitamin B12 that can occur secondary to inadequate dietary intake or malabsorption.

Determination of glycated hemoglobin in patients with advanced liver disease

AIM:To evaluate the glycated hemoglobin(HbA_(1c)) determination methods and to determine fructosamine in patients with chronic hepatitis,compensated cirrhosis and in patients with chronic hepatitis treated with ribavirin. METHODS:HbA_(1c) values were determined in 15 patients with compensated liver cirrhosis and in 20 patients with chronic hepatitis using the ion-exchange high performance liquid chromatography and the immunoassay methods. Fructosamine was determined using nitroblue tetrazolium. RESULTS:Forty percent of patients with liver cirrhosis had HbA_(1c) results below the non-diabetic reference range by at least one HbA_(1c)method,while fructosamine results were either within the reference range or elevated.Twenty percent of patients with chronic hepatitis(hepatic fibrosis) had HbA_(1c)results below the non-diabetic reference range by at least one HbA_(1c)method.In patients with chronic hepatitis treated with ribavirin,50% of HbA_(1c)results were below the non-diabetic reference using at least one of the HbA_(1c)methods. CONCLUSION:Only evaluated in context with all liver function parameters as well as a red blood count including reticulocytes,HbA_(1c)results should be used in patients with advanced liver disease.HbA_(1c)and fructosamine measurements should be used with caution when evaluating long-term glucose control in patients with hepatic cirrhosis or in patients with chronic hepatitis and dbavidn treatment.

Relationship between angiotensin-(1-7) and angiotensin Ⅱ correlates with hemodynamic changes in human liver cirrhosis

AIM： To measure circulating angiotensins at different stages of human cirrhosis and to further evaluate a possible relationship between renin angiotensin system （RAS） components and hemodynamic changes. METHODS： Patients were allocated into 4 groups： mild-to-moderate liver disease （MLD）, advanced liver disease （ALD）, patients undergoing liver transplantation, and healthy controls. Blood was collected to determine plasma renin activity （PRA）, angiotensin （Ang） Ⅰ, Ang Ⅱ, and Ang-（1-7） levels using radioimmunoassays. During liver transplantation, hemodynamic parameters were determined and blood was simultaneously obtained from the portal vein and radial artery in order to measure RAS components. RESULTS： PRA and angiotensins were elevated in ALD when compared to MLD and controls （P 〈 0.05）. In contrast, Ang Ⅱ was significantly reduced in MLD. Ang-（1-7）/Ang Ⅱ ratios were increased in MLD when compared to controls and ALD. During transplantation, Ang Ⅱ levels were lower and Ang-（1-7）/Ang Ⅱ ratios were higher in the splanchnic circulation than in the peripheral circulation （0.52 ± 0.08 vs 0.38 ±0.04, P 〈 0.02）, whereas the peripheral circulating Ang Ⅱ/Ang Ⅰ ratio was elevated in comparison to splanchnic levels （0.18 ±0.02 vs 0.13 ±0.02, P 〈 0.04）. Ang-（1-7）/ Ang Ⅱ ratios positively correlated with cardiac output （r = 0.66） and negatively correlated with systemic vascular resistance （r = -0.70）. CONCLUSION： Our findings suggest that the relationship between Ang-（1-7） and Ang Ⅱ may play a role in the hemodynamic changes of human cirrhosis.