抑制肠蠕动的小鼠模型的建立

针对检验保健食品润肠通便功能的实验要求 ,用 5 mg/ kg BW复方地芬诺酯即可建立稳定的抑制肠蠕动的小鼠模型 ,在灌服墨汁 2 5 min后 。

骆驼刺提取物抑制肠蠕动的研究

目的对骆驼刺植物中的化学成分提取分离,探讨其活性部位对豚鼠离体回肠收缩活动及小鼠肠推进活动的影响。方法用有机溶剂萃取法对植物中化学成分提取分离,用生物机能实验系统记录法及碳末推进法进行药效学研究。结果骆驼刺提取物可明显抑制豚鼠离体回肠的自发收缩运动,并且能够显著性抑制正常小鼠的小肠推进运动,对溴吡斯的明负荷小鼠的小肠亢进有显著的抑制作用。结论骆驼刺植物中活性部位对肠蠕动有一定的抑制作用,其机制可能与其对抗胆碱能神经对胃肠道运动的支配有关。

对阴沟肠杆菌有强抑制活性乳酸菌的分离及鉴定

目的:从大理地区泡菜中分离筛选出对阴沟肠杆菌具有抑制优势的乳酸菌菌种,丰富传统乳酸发酵食品潜在的减肥功能。方法:在大理地区收集泡菜样本,用BBL琼脂培养基进行培养分离,通过革兰氏染色、聚合酶链式反应(PCR)鉴定、抑菌活性分析,经条带切胶回收、大量扩增后,构建了TA克隆并进行测序。将获得的基因序列信息用NCBI中的Blast工具进行信息比对,寻找包含该条条带信息的细菌。结果:在18份样本中,分离得到了抑制活性最好的候选菌株,经测序结果比对,明确为植物乳杆菌。结论:成功分离出1株对阴沟肠杆菌标准株ATCC 700323具有较高抑制活性的植物乳酸菌菌种。

四磨汤滴丸对小鼠胃肠运动的影响

目的观察四磨汤滴丸对不同机能状态(正常、抑制及亢进)小鼠胃肠运动功能的影响。方法分别对正常小鼠、肠亢进小鼠、肠抑制小鼠口服灌胃给予四磨汤滴丸,测量小鼠小肠全长及半固体糊状物在小肠中的推进距离,计算小肠推进率。结果四磨汤滴丸低、中、高剂量组对正常小鼠的胃肠运动具有显著促进作用(P<0.05或P<0.01),对肠抑制模型小鼠小肠推进百分率显著增加(P<0.05或P<0.01),对肠亢进模型小鼠小肠推进百分率显著降低(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论四磨汤滴丸对胃排空具有明显促进作用,且对肠道运动具有双向调节作用,在同等剂量下与已上市的四磨汤口服液比较,上述作用无明显差异。

治疗原发性胆汁性胆管炎的新型药物综述

原发性胆汁性胆管炎(PBC)旧称原发性胆汁性肝硬化,是一种自身免疫性肝病,其病理特征主要表现为侵及小胆管的破坏性慢性肉芽肿性淋巴细胞性胆管炎,抗线粒体抗体(AMA-M2)和高水平的免疫球蛋白M(IgM)是其免疫学特点,Th17激活在PBC晚期患者中占主导地位。我国近年来其患病率为42.70/10万~276.59/10万[1]。

胆固醇吸收抑制剂在治疗高胆固醇血症中的作用

高胆固醇血症是冠心病的首要病因 ,而现有最强力的降脂药他汀类并不能使所有患者达到治疗目标。为此目前急需研制抑制肠吸收胆固醇的药物。本文对在动物模型和人体具有这种作用的植物甾醇类、酰基辅酶A∶胆固醇酰基转移酶 (ACAT)抑制剂类、微粒体甘油三酯转移蛋白 (MTP)抑制剂类和 2 氮杂环丁酮类药的研究进展做了较全面的综述。其中 2 氮杂环丁酮类的ezetimibe单药使用时有较显著的降脂作用 ,而与他汀类药或非诺贝特伍用时均能额外地降脂 ,且无药物间相互作用、耐受性好、不良反应也不严重 ,故伍用疗法有临床应用前途。

易蒙停治疗肠易激综合症32例疗效观察及分析

易蒙停治疗肠易激综合症３２例疗效观察及分析李学彦，王娟（中国人民解放军４６３医院消化科）结肠易激综合症（ＩＢＳ）是消化内科常见的疾病，目前尚无特殊有效的药物治疗，本文观察了自１９９４年６月～１９９４年１２月３２例患ＩＢＳ的病人用易蒙停治疗的效果。本文...

不同导泻药物对有机磷中毒阿托品化后肠功能抑制疗效分析

目的:探讨不同导泻药物单一用药与联合用药在急性有机磷农药中毒中对胃肠道残存农药的排泄作用,寻找高效、安全的导泻、通便药物,以提高急性有机磷农药中毒治愈率。方法:150例有机磷中毒阿托品化后肠功能抑制的患者,随机分为5组,每组30例,实验组联合用药,对照组分4组分别服用不同导泻剂。比较2组疗效。结果:实验组与对照组在用药后第1次排便时间、用药前后肠鸣音次数之差、胃储留量回抽次数相比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:联合用药更益于有机磷中毒阿托品化后肠功能抑制患者肠功能的恢复,减少残存农药的持续吸收,更好预防肠衰竭和多器官功能衰竭综合征。

Effect of Echinacea Polysaccharide on Secretion of TNF-α mRNA by IEC-6 Injured by LPS

Objective] This study was conducted to investigate Echinacea polysaccha-ride （EPS） on expression of tumor necrosis factor （TNF） under injury of intestinal epithelial cel s （lEC-6） by lipopolysaccharide （LPS）, so as to discuss the action mechanism of EPS to injured cel s. [Method] Total DNA was extracted with TRlzon reagent, TNF-α mRNA was amplified, and the amplification products were subjected to agarose gel electrophoresis and imaging. [Result] 50 μg/ml EPS could partial y in-hibited the production of TNF-α mRNA by lEC-6 under the stimulation of LPS, while the inhibition of 200 and 500 μg/ml EPS on the level of TNF-α mRNA gradual y in-creased with the concentration increasing; and lEC-6 cel s pretreated with 50, 100, 200 and 500 μg/ml EPS for 24 h and then stimulated by 10 μg/ml LPS for 1 and 4 h were analyzed by RT-PCR method, and it was found that the expression of TNF-α mRNA induced by LPS could be effectively inhibited by EPS, and the inhibition rate at 4 h was higher than that at 1 h. [Conclusion] EPS could play its role of protecting intestinal mucosa by inhibiting the secretion of TNF-α mRNA by cel s un-der the stimulation of LPS, and such inhibition effects of EPS had concentration dependency and time dependency.

便秘应该注意的一种临床现象

编辑同志: 我今年50岁,患习惯性便秘已近20年,经多方检查未发现器质性病变,检查结果为肠鸣音弱、肠蠕动慢,诊断为肠功能紊乱。希望您帮助解释一下这种疾病,并提供一种好的治疗方法。

Factors affecting recurrence after surgery for Crohn's disease

Although in Crohn's disease post-operative recurrence is common, the determinants of disease recurrence remain speculative. The aim of this study was to examine factors affecting post-operative recurrence of Crohn's disease. A Medline-based literature review was carried out. The following factors were investigated: age at onset of disease, sex, family history of Crohn's disease,smoking, duration of Crohn's disease before surgery,prophylactic medical treatment (corticosteroids, 5-amino salicylic acid [5-ASA] and immunosuppressants),anatomical site of involvement, indication for surgery (perforating or non-perforating disease), length of resected bowel, anast-omotic technique, presence of granuloma in the specimen, involvement of disease at the resection margin, blood transfusions and postoperative complications. Smoking significantly increases the risk of recurrence (risk is approximately twice as high), especially in women and heavy smokers. Quitting smoking reduces the post-operative recurrence rate. A number of studies have shown a higher risk when the duration of the disease before surgery was short. There were, however, different definitions of 'short' among the studies. Prophylactic cortic-osteroids therapy is not effective in reducing the post-operative recurrence. A number of randomized controlled trials offered evidence of the efficacy of 5-ASA (mesalazine) in reducing post-operative recurrence. Recently, the thera-peutic efficacy of immunosuppressive drugs (azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine) in the prevention of post-operative recurrence has been investigated and several studies have reported that these drugs might help prevent the recurrence. Further clinical trials would be necessary to evaluate the prophylactic efficacy of immunosuppressants.Several studies showed a higher recurrence rate in patients with perforating disease than in those with non-perforating disease. However, evidence for differing recurrence rates in perforating and non-perforating diseases is inconclusive.A number of retrospective studies reported that a stapled functional end-to-end anastomosis was associated with a lower recurrence rate compared with other types of anastomosis. However, prospective randomized studies would be necessary to draw a definite conclusion. Many studies found no difference in the recurrence rates between patients with radical resection and non-radical resection. Therefore, minimal surgery including strictureplasty has been justified in the management of Crohn's disease. In this review, the following factors do not seem to be predictive of post-operative recurrence:age at onset of disease, sex, family history of Crohn's disease, anatomical site of disease, length of resected bowel, presence of granuloma in the specimen, blood transfusions and post-operative complications. The most significant factor affecting post-operative recurrence of Crohn's disease is smoking. Smoking significantly increases the risk of recurrence. A short disease duration before surgery seems, albeit to a very minor degree, to be associated with a higher recurrence rate. 5-ASA has been shown with some degree of confidence to lead to a lower recurrence rate. The prophylactic efficacy of immunosuppressive drugs should be assessed in future.A wider anastomotic technique after resection may reduce the post-operative recurrence rate, though this should be investigated with prospective randomized controlled trials.

New approaches in angiogenic targeting for colorectal cancer

Colorectal carcinoma （CRC） is one of the leading causes of cancer death worldwide. In the last decade, the addition of irinotecan and oxaliplatin to standard fluorouracil-based chemotherapy regimens have set the new benchmark of survival for patients with metastatic CRC at approximately 20 too. Despite these advances in the management of CRC, there is a strong medical need for more effective and well-tolerated therapies. The dependence of tumor growth and metastasis on blood vessels makes angiogenesis a rational target for therapy. One of the major pathways involved in this process is the vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF） and its receptors （VEGFR）. In 2004, the first agent targeting angiogenesis, bevacizumab （BV）, was approved as an adjunct to first-line cytotoxic treatment of metastatic CRC. The role of BV as part of adjuvant treatment and in combination with other targeted therapies is the subject of ongoing trials. However, BV is associated with an increase in the risk of arterial thromboembolic events, hypertension and gastrointestinal perforations and its use must be cautious. Novel VEGFR TK inhibitors with different ranges of nanomolar potencies, selectivities, and pharmacokinetic properties are entering phase 111 trials for the treatment of cancer. Conversely, one of these novel agents, vatalanib, has been shown not to confer survival benefit in first and second-line treatment of advanced CRC. The basis of these findings is being extensively evaluated. Ongoing and new well-designed trials will define the optimal clinical application of the actual antiangiogenic agents, and, on the other hand, intensive efforts in basic research will identify new agents with different antiangiogenic approaches for the treatment of CRC. In this review we discuss and highlight current and future approaches in angiogenic targeting for CRC.

Expression of cellular FLICE-inhibitory protein and its association with p53 mutation in colon cancer

AIM: To investigate the expression of cellular FLICE (Fas associated death domain-like IL-lbeta-converting enzyme)-inhibitory protein (c-FLIP) and its association with p53 mutation in colon cancer. METHODS: Immunohistochemical staining of c-FLIP and mutant p53 by using specific antibodies was performed by the standard streptavidin-peroxidase technique for 45 colon cancer tissue samples with matched normal tissues. Semi-quantitative reverse transcriptional (RT)-PCR was used to measure c-FLIP mRNA levels, t-test statistical method was used in data analyses. RESULTS: c-FLIP mRNA was expressed in all colon cancer tissues and its level (0.63±0.12) was significantly higher than that in normal tissues (0.38±0.10, P<0.01). Immuno-histochemically, c-FLIP protein was also expressed in all colon cancers (45/45) and 71.1% (32/45) showed an intense immunostaining, in contrast, 93.3% (42/45) of normal colonic mucosa showed positive staining and none of them immunostained intensely. The quantity of c-FLIP protein was significantly higher in cancer tissues than in normal mucosa (7.04±1.20 vs 5.21±0.86, P<0.01). Positive staining of mutant p53 protein was found in 60% (27/45) colon cancers. c-FLIP mRNA level was decreased in p53 positive group compared with p53 negative cancer tissues (0.59±0.13 vs0.69±0.14, P<0.01), but c-FLIP protein had a significantly higher level in p53 positive cancer tissues than in negative ones (7.57±1.30 vs6.25±1.27, P<0.01). CONCLUSION: c-FLIP is specially overexpressed in colon cancers and it might contribute to carcinogenesis of normal colonic mucosa. p53 may exert transcriptional upregulation effects on c-FLI P gene and more potent effects on promoting the degradation of c-FLIP protein.

Science Letters:IGFBP7 plays a potential tumor suppressor role against colorectal carcinogenesis with its expression associated with DNA hypomethylation of exon 1

Insulin-like growth factor binding-protein-7 （IGFBP7） was obtained from our previous colonic adenocarcinoma （CRC） and normal mucosa suppression subtraction hybridization （SSH） cDNA libraries. By RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry, we found that IGFBP7 was overexpressed in CRC tissue compared to normal tissue. However, our in vitro experiments performed in 10 CRC cell lines showed that IGFBP7 expressed only in SW480 and Caco2 cell lines, which implied an underlying reversible regulatory mechanism. Using methylation-specific PCR （MSP） and bisulfite sodium PCR （BSP）, we found that its expression was associated with DNA hypomethylation of exonl. This was further supported by the in vitro study which showed restored IGFBP7 expression after demethylation agent 5-aza-2＇-deoxycytidine treatment. Correlation analysis between IGFBP7 expression and prognosis indicated that overexpression of IGFBP7 in CRC tissue correlated with favourable survival. Investigation of the functional role of IGFBP7 through transfection studies showed that IGFBP7 protein could inhibit growth rate, decrease colony formation activity, and induce apoptosis in RKO and SW620 cells, suggesting it a potential tumor suppressor protein in colorectal carcinogenesis. In conclusion, our study clearly demonstrated that IGFBP7 plays a potential tumor suppressor role against colorectal carcinogenesis and its expression is associated with DNA hypomethylation of exon 1.

针刺抑制肠蠕动在结肠镜检查中的应用探析

针刺调节胃肠动力具有双向良性调节性、腧穴特异性和即时性的特点,其主要通过神经-内分泌-免疫网络系统实现调控作用。在结肠镜检查中针刺内关和合谷抑制肠蠕动可能具有良好的应用价值。

Pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis following alpha-glucosidase inhibitor treatment:A case report and review of the literature

A 69-year-old man was diagnosed as having myasthenia gravis (MG) in September 2004,and treated with thymectomy and prednisolone. He was then diagnosed as having steroid-induced diabetes mellitus,and received sulfonylurea (SU) therapy in May 2005. An alpha-glucosidase inhibitor (αGI) was added in March 2006,resulting in good glycemic control. He experienced symptoms of abdominal distention,increased flatus,and constipation in October 2007,and was admitted into our hospital in late November with hematochezia. Plain abdominal radiography revealed small linear radiolucent clusters in the wall of the colon. Computed tomography (CT) showed intramural air in the sigmoid colon. Colonoscopy revealed multiple smooth surfaced hemispherical protrusions in the sigmoid colon. The diagnosis of pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis (PCI) was made on the basis of these findings. As the αGI voglibose was suspected as the cause of this patient's PCI,treatment was conservative,ceasing voglibose,with fasting and fluid supplementation. The patient progressed well,and was discharged 2 wk later. Recently,several reports of PCI associated with αGI therapy have been published,predominantly in Japan where αGIs are commonly used. If the use of αGIs becomes more widespread,we can expect more reports of this condition on a global scale. The possibility of PCI should be considered in diabetic patients complaining of gastrointestinal symptoms,and the gastrointestinal tract should be thoroughly investigated in these patients.

Role of matrix metalloproteinase,tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase and tumor necrosis factor-α single nucleotide gene polymorphisms in inflammatory bowel disease

AIM:To study the (functional) relevance of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes encoding matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-1,-2,-3,-9,tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMP)-1,-2 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in the etiopathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD),that may enhance susceptibility and/or disease severity. METHODS:Genomic DNA from 134 Crohn's disease (CD),111 ulcerative colitis (UC) patients and 248 control subjects was isolated from resected intestinal tissue or blood. Allelic composition at SNP loci was determined by PCR-RFLP or tetra primer ARMS PCR. RESULTS:The TIMP-1 genotype TT in women and T in men at SNP +372 T/C was found to increase CD susceptibility (39% vs 23.8%,P=0.018 and 67.9% vs 51.6%,P=0.055,respectively),while women with this genotype were less prone to development of fistulae during follow-up (41.4% vs 68.3%,P=0.025). Male IBD or CD patients carrying the TIMP-1 +372 T-allele expressed lower levels of TIMP-1 in surgically resected macroscopically inflamed tissue (0.065 < P < 0.01). The 5T5T genotype at MMP-3 SNP -1613 5T/6T increased the chance of stenotic complications in CD during follow-up (91.2% vs 71.8%,P = 0.022) but seemed to protect against colonic involvement of this disease at first endoscopic/radiologic examination (35.3% vs 59.5%,P=0.017). CONCLUSION:Allelic composition at the examinedSNPs in genes coding for TIMP-1 and MMP-3 affect CD susceptibility and/or phenotype,i.e.,fistulizing disease,stricture pathogenesis and first disease localisation. These findings reinforce the important role of these proteins in IBD.