穴位注射恢复腹部术后胃肠并发症60例

目的：探讨穴位注射对腹部术后肠功能恢复的疗效。方法：腹部术后病人120例随机分为治疗组60例，足三里穴位注射新斯的明，对照组60例不作穴位注射。结果：治疗组与对照组比较治疗组病人可提前1～2d排气，肠功能恢复。提示：本方法对胃肠功能有兴奋作用，起效迅速，使患者尽早进食，有益康复。

Simotang enhances gastrointestinal motility,motilin and cholecystokinin expression in chronically stressed mice

AIM:To investigate the effect of Simotang(Decoction of Four Powered Drugs) on gastrointestinal motility,motilin and cholecystokinin expression in chronically stressed mice.METHODS:Forty mice were randomly divided into control group,stress group(model group),mosapride group and Simotang group,10 in each group.A variety of unpredictable stimulations were used to induce chronic stress in mice.Then,the mice were treated with distilled water,mosapride or Simotang for 7 d.Gastric emptying and intestinal propulsion function were detected.Serum level of motilin was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Expression of cholecystokinin(CCK) in intestine,spinal cord and brain of mice was detected by immunohistochemistry and semi-quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction,respectively.RESULTS:Simotang improved the gastric emptying and intestinal propulsion in chronically stressed mice.Furthermore,the serum motilin level was significantly higher and the expression levels of CCK-positive cells and genes were significantly lower in intestine,spinal cord and brain of Simotang group than in those of model group(P<0.05).No significant difference was found in serum motilin level and expression levels of CCK-positive cells and genes between the mosapride and Simotang groups.CONCLUSION:Simotang enhances the gastrointestinal motility in chronically stressed mice by regulating the serum motilin level and the expression of cholecystokinin.

Gastrointestinal neuromuscular apparatus: An underestimated target of gut microbiota

Over the last few years, the importance of the resident intestinal microbiota in the pathogenesis of several gastrointestinal diseases has been largely investigated. Growing evidence suggest that microbiota can influence gastrointestinal motility. The current working hypothesis is that dysbiosis-driven mucosal alterations induce the production of several inflammatory/immune mediators which affect gut neuro-muscular functions. Besides these indirect mucosal-mediated effects, the present review highlights that recent evidence suggests that microbiota can directly affect enteric nerves and smooth muscle cells functions through its metabolic products or bacterial molecular components translocated from the intestinal lumen. Tolllike receptors, the bacterial recognition receptors, are expressed both on enteric nerves and smooth muscle and are emerging as potential mediators between microbiota and the enteric neuromuscular apparatus. Furthermore, the ongoing studies on probiotics support the hypothesis that the neuromuscular apparatus may represent a target of intervention, thus opening new physiopathological and therapeutic scenarios.

Anatomically realistic multiscale models of normal and abnormal gastrointestinal electrical activity

One of the major aims of the International Union of Physiological Sciences (IUPS) Physiome Project is to develop multiscale mathematical and computer models that can be used to help understand human health. We present here a small facet of this broad plan that applies to the gastrointestinal system. Specifically, we present an anatomically and physiologically based modelling framework that is capable of simulating normal and pathological electrical activity within the stomach and small intestine. The continuum models used within this framework have been created using anatomical information derived from common medical imaging modalities and data from the Visible Human Project. These models explicitly incorporate the various smooth muscle layers and networks of interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) that are known to exist within the walls of the stomach and small bowel. Electrical activity within individual ICCs and smooth muscle cells is simulated using a previously published simplified representation of the cell level electrical activity. This simulated cell level activity is incorporated into a bidomain representation of the tissue, allowing electrical activity of the entire stomach or intestine to be simulated in the anatomically derived models. This electrical modelling framework successfully replicates many of the qualitative features of the slow wave activity within the stomach and intestine and has also been used to investigate activity associated with functional uncoupling of the stomach.

Effects of radiation upon gastrointestinal motility

Whether due to therapeutic or belligerent exposure, the gastrointestinal effects of irradiation produce symptoms dreaded by a majority of the population. Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and abdominal cramping are hallmarks of the prodromal phase of radiation sickness, occurring hours to days following radiation exposure. The prodromal phase is distinct from acute radiation sickness in that the absorptive, secretory and anatomic changes associated with radiation damage are not easily identifi able. It is during this phase of radiation sickness that gastrointestinal motility significantly changes. In addition, there is evidence that motor activity of the gut contributes to some of the acute and chronic effects of radiation.

Effects of Hwangryunhaedok-tang on gastrointestinal motility function in mice

AIM To investigate the effects of Hwangryunhaedok-tang(HHT) on gastrointestinal(GI) motility in mice.METHODS The effects of a boiling water extract of HHT(HHTE) on GI motility were investigated by calculating percent intestinal transit rates(ITR%) and gastric emptying(GE) values using Evans Blue and phenol red, respectively, in normal mice and in mice with experimentally induced GI motility dysfunction(GMD). In addition, the effects of the four components of HHT, that is, Gardeniae Fructus(GF), Scutellariae Radix(SR), Coptidis Rhizoma(CR), and Phellodendri Cortex(PC), on GI motility were also investigated.RESULTS In normal ICR mice, ITR% and GE values were significantly and dose-dependently increased by the intragastric administration of HHTE(0.1-1 g/kg). The ITR% values of GMD mice were significantly lower than those of normal mice, and these reductions were significantly and dose-dependently inhibited by HHTE(0.1-1 g/kg). Additionally, GF, CR, and PC dosedependently increased ITR% and GE values in normal and GMD mice.CONCLUSION These results suggest that HHT is a novel candidate for the development of a gastroprokinetic agent for the GI tract.

The Affects of Acupuncture at Sibai and Neiting Acupoints on Gastric Peristalsis

The frequency and amplitude of gastric peristaltic wave were significantly changed in 15 subjects when Sibai (ST 2) and Neiting (ST 44) acupoints of the Stomach Channel of Foot-Yangming were punctured. The results demonstrate that these acupoints are effective for treatment of stomach diseases, providing an experimental basis for the theory of channels and collaterals.

Corticotropin-releasing factor stimulates colonic motility via muscarinic receptors in the rat

AIM To measure exogenous corticotropin-releasing factor(CRF)-induced motility of the isolated rat colon and to demonstrate the effect of pharmacologic inhibition on CRF-induced motility. METHODS The isolated vascularly-perfused rat colon was used. Luminal pressure was monitored via microtip catheter pressure transducers in the proximal and distal colon. At first, exogenous CRF was administered in a stepwise manner and the concentration of CRF yielding maximal colonic motility was selected. After recording basal colonic motility, hexamethonium, phentolamine, propranolol, atropine and tetrodotoxin were infused into the isolated colon. Initially, only the test drug was infused; then, CRF was added. The motility index was expressed as percentage change over basal level. RESULTS Administration of 1.4, 14.4, 144 and 288 pmol/L CRF progressively increased colonic motility in the proximal and distal colon. Infusion of atropine or tetrodotoxin reduced CRF-induced motility of both the proximal and distal colon, whereas hexamethonium, phentolamine and propranolol had no effect.CONCLUSION CRF-induced colonic motility appears to be mediated by local cholinergic signaling via muscarinic receptors. Muscarinic receptors are potential targets for counteracting CRF-induced colonic hypermotility.

Pingwei capsules improve gastrointestinal motility in rats with functional dyspepsia

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the mechanism of Ping-wei capsules(PWC) in improving gastrointestinal m otility in rats with functional dyspepsia(FD).METHODS: We established an FD model by stimu-lating semi-starvation rats via tail damping, provo-cation, and forced exercise fatigue. The FD model group was further divided into five groups accord-ing to the treatment received: normal saline, dom-peridone, low-dose PWC, mid-dose PWC, or highdose PWC. The effect of PWC on FD was evaluated by measuring gastrointestinal motility. Changes in leptin and cholecystokinin(CCK) were detected through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, re-verse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, and immunohistochemistry.RESULTS: PWC significantly increased gastrointesti-nal m otility in FD rats. Furthermore, PWC signifi-cantly increased CCK m RNA and protein concentra-tions in the duodenum and antrum, decreased leptin protein concentrations in the duodenum, an-trum, and hypothalamus, and decreased CCK pro-tein concentration in the hypothalamus.CONCLUSION: PWC improves gastrointestinal mo-tor function in FD rats by decreasing the leptin con-centration in serum and the brain-gut axis, and by increasing the CCK concentration in gastrointesti-nal tissue. Our findings help to elucidate the mech-anism of FD and provide further insight into the pharmacokinetics of PWC.

Effects of Needles with Different Diameters on the Gastrointestinal Emptying in Mice

Objective： To observe the effects of needles with different diameters on the gastrointestinal function in mice. Methods： Eighteen Kunming mice were randomly divided into group of 0.25 mm needle, group of 0.35 mm needle, and control group. The acupoint of Zusanli （ST 36） was needled once a day for 5 days. The effects of needles with different diameters were observed by measuring the distance of the carbon moved in the intestine. Results： The distance of the carbon moved in the intestine was longer in the acupuncture group than in the control group （P〈0.05）, and it was longer in the group of 0.35 mm needle than in the group of 0.30 mm needle, there was no significant difference （P〉0.05）. Conclusion： Acupuncture treatment can enhance the peristalsis function of stomach and intestine in mice. The diameter of needle has no effect on the gastrointestinal function.