松口蘑对小鼠肠胃运动的实验研究

观察食用菌———松口蘑对小鼠胃肠运动功能的影响.以正常、新斯的明负荷、肾上腺素负荷及脾虚小鼠为实验研究模型,采用炭末小肠推进试验法和体征、体重评估法.松口蘑提取液1次性ig给药可显著促进正常小鼠的胃肠运动(P<0 01),且呈现很好的量效关系;松口蘑提取液对新斯的明负荷小鼠引起的胃肠推进亢进有显著的拮抗作用(P<0.01),对肾上腺素负荷引起的胃肠推进抑制有明显影响(P<0.05);松口蘑提取液可明显改善脾虚模型小鼠的体征,使脾虚模型小鼠的体重有一定的增加,但不能抑制脾虚小鼠的胃肠运动(P>0.05),不能使脾虚小鼠的肠胃运动趋于正常;松口蘑的急性毒性很小.松口蘑提取液能增加小鼠肠胃运动功能的功效.

白术药理研究新进展

白术是最常用的补气药，具有补脾益气、燥湿利水、固表止汗的功效，今对白术近十年来药理研究的进展综述如下。１腹膜孔的调节作用用计算机图像处理，结果发现，白术和党参有显著的开大腹膜孔的功能（Ｐ＜０．０５），并使腹膜孔开放数目增加，分布密度明显增高（Ｐ＜０．...

鸡屎藤水提液促胃肠动力作用的实验研究

目的探讨鸡屎藤水提液促进胃肠运动功能的影响。方法采用在体肠推进性运动和胃排空实验方法以及离体肠管和胃实验方法,研究鸡屎藤水提液对肠、胃运动功能的影响。结果鸡屎藤水提液高、中、低剂量(10.0、5.0、2.5 g生药/kg)组对胃内残留率均明显降低,与蒸馏水组相比差异显著(P <0.05),对小肠推进百分比也明显提高,与蒸馏水组相比差异也显著(P <0.05);离体实验中,鸡屎藤水提液给药后的肠管平滑肌收缩的振幅显著高于给药前,与给药前相比差异显著(P <0.01),胃底环形肌的收缩频率和幅度显著高于给药前,与给药前相比差异显著(P <0.01)。结论鸡屎藤水提液具有促进肠推进性运动和胃排空的作用。

每个小时都能减重

科学减重需要长期坚持,不可能一蹴而就。而一天中的每一个小时都有特定的减重目标。近日,美国时尚门户网站＂popsugar＂刊文,为我们指出一天之中各个时间段该如何正确减重。6时：起床片刻后喝下1杯水,促进肠胃运动。吃1份点心（如半只香蕉和几颗杏仁）,为身体提供碳水化合物和少量蛋白质,启动新陈代谢功能。然后进行早锻炼,会让新陈代谢速度加快,在一整天里燃烧掉更多热量。

骨感带来十种病

对于现代女性朋友来讲,瘦就是代表一种美。但是,太过消瘦也会给你带来疾病!贫血过于消瘦者普遍存在营养摄入不均衡的问题,对铁、叶酸、维生素B_（12）等造血物质摄入不足;由于吃得少,基础代谢率也比常人要低,肠胃运动较慢,胃酸分泌较少,影响营养吸收。另外,营养不良会使身体免疫力降低,也容易导致继发性贫血。

Enteric glial cells and their role in gastrointestinal motor abnormalities: Introducing the neuro-gliopathies

The role of enteric glial cells has somewhat changed from that of mere mechanical support elements, gluing together the various components of the enteric nervous system, to that of active participants in the complex interrelationships of the gut motor and inflammatory events. Due to their multiple functions, spanning from supporting elements in the myenteric plexuses to neurotransmitters, to neuronal homeostasis, to antigen presenting cells, this cell population has probably more intriguing abilities than previously thought. Recently, some evidence has been accumulating that shows how these cells may be involved in the pathophysiological aspects of some diseases. This review will deal with the properties of the enteric glial cells more strictly related to gastrointestinal motor function and the human pathological conditions in which these cells may play a role, suggesting the possibility of enteric neuro- gliopathies.

Effects of magnolol and honokiol derived from traditional Chinese herbal remedies on gastrointestinal movement

AIM： To study the effects of magnolol and honokiol on isolated smooth muscle of gastrointestinal tract and their relationship with Ca^2＋, and on the gastric emptying and the intestinal propulsive activity in mice.METHODS： Routine experimental methods using isolated gastric fundus strips of rats and isolated ileum segments of guinea pigs were adopted to measure the smooth muscle tension, The effects of magnolol 10^-3, 10^-4, 10^-5 mol/L, and honokiol 10^-4, 10^-5, 10^-6 mol/L on the contractility of gastric fundus strips of rats and ileum of guinea pigs induced by acetylcholine （Ach） and 5-hydroxytryptamine （5-HT） was assessed respectively, The method using nuclein and pigment methylene blue was adopted to measure the gastric retention rate of nuclein and the intestinal propulsive ratio of a nutritional semi-solid meal for assessing the effect of magnolol and honokiol （0.5, 2, 20 mg/kg） on gastric emptying and intestinal propulsion.RESULTS： Magnolol and honokiol significantly inhibited the contractility of isolated gastric fundus strips of rats treated with Ach or 5-HT and isolated ileum guinea pigs treated with Ach or CaCl2, and both of them behaved as non-competitive muscarinic antagonists. Magnolol and honokiol inhibited the contraction induced by Ach in Ca^2＋-free medium and extracellular Ca^2＋-dependent contraction induced by Ach, Each group of magnolol and honokiol experiments significantly decreased the residual rate of nudein in the stomach and increased the intestinal propulsive ratio in mice.CONCLUSION： The inhibitory effect of magnolol and honokiol on contractility of the smooth muscles of isolated gastric fundus strips of rats and isolated ileum of guinea pigs is associated with a calcium-antagonistic effect. Magnolol and honokiol can improve the gastric emptying of a semi-solid meal and intestinal propulsive activity in mice.

Ursodeoxycholic acid improves gastrointestinal motility defects in gallstone patients

AIM: To simultaneously evaluate the presence of defects in gallbladder and gastric emptying, as well as in intestinal transit in gallstone patients (GS) and the effect of chronic ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) administration on these parameters and on serum bile acids and clinical outcome in GS and controls (CTR). METHODS: After a standard liquid test meal, gallbla-dder and gastric emptying (by ultrasound), oroileal transit time (OITT) (by an immunoenzymatic technique) and serum bile acids (by HPLC) were evaluated before and after 3 mo of UDCA (12 mg/kg bw/d) or placebo administration in 10 symptomatic GS and 10 matched healthy CTR. RESULTS: OITT was longer in GS than in CTR (P < 0.0001); UDCA significantly reduced OITT in GS (P < 0.0001), but not in CTR. GS had longer gastric half-emptying time (t1/2) than CTR (P < 0.0044) at baseline; after UDCA, t1/2 significantly decreased (P < 0.006) in GS but not in CTR. Placebo administration had no effect on gastric emptying and intestinal transit in both GS and CTR. CONCLUSION: The gallstone patient has simultaneous multiple impairments of gallbladder and gastric emptying, as well as of intestinal transit. UDCA administration restores these defects in GS, without any effect in CTR. These results confirm the pathogenetic role of gastrointestinal motility in gallstone disease and suggest an additional mechanism of action for UDCA in reducing bile cholesterol supersaturation.

Relative efficacy of some prokinetic drugs in morphine-induced gastrointestinal transit delay in mice

AIM:To study the relative efficacy of cisapride, metoclopramide,domperidone,erythromycin and mosapride on gastric emptying(GE)and small intestinal transit(SIT) in morphine treated mice. METHODS:Phenol red marker meal was employed to estimate GE and SIT in Swiss albino mice of either sex.The groups included were control,morphine 1 mg/kg(s.c.15 rain before test meal)alone or with(45 rain before test meal p.o.)cisapride 10 mg/kg,metoclopramide 20 mg/kg, domperidone 20 mg/kg,erythromycin 6 mg/kg and mosapride 20 mg/kg. RESULTS:Cisapride,metoclopramide and mosapride were effective in enhancing gastric emptying significantly(P<0.001) whereas other prokinetic agents failed to do so in normal mice.Metoclopramide completely reversed morphine induced delay in gastric emptying followed by mosapride. Metoclopramide alone was effective when given to normal mice in increasing the SIT.Cisapride,though it did not show any significant effect on SIT in normal mice,was able to reverse morphine induced delay in SIT significantly(P<0.001) followed by metoclopramide and mosapride. CONCLUSION:Metoclopramide and cisapride are most effective in reversing morphine-induced delay in gastric emptying and small intestinal transit in mice respectively.

Effects of radiation upon gastrointestinal motility

Whether due to therapeutic or belligerent exposure, the gastrointestinal effects of irradiation produce symptoms dreaded by a majority of the population. Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and abdominal cramping are hallmarks of the prodromal phase of radiation sickness, occurring hours to days following radiation exposure. The prodromal phase is distinct from acute radiation sickness in that the absorptive, secretory and anatomic changes associated with radiation damage are not easily identifi able. It is during this phase of radiation sickness that gastrointestinal motility significantly changes. In addition, there is evidence that motor activity of the gut contributes to some of the acute and chronic effects of radiation.

Enhanced plasma ghrelin levels in Helicobacter py/ori-colonized, interleukin-1-receptortype 1-homozygous knockout (IL-1R1-/-) mice

AIM： Ghrelin is an endogenous ligand for the growth hormone secretagogue receptor, and it plays a role in stimulating the growth hormone secretion, food intake,body weight gain and gastric motility. Eradication of Helicobacterpylori （H pylon） was shown to be associated with increase of the body weight. On the other hand, Hpylori infection evokes the release of gastric IL-1β. The present study was designed to investigate the involvement of the gastric IL-1 signal in the ghrelin dynamics in Hpyloricolonized mice.METHODS： Twelve-week-old female IL-l-receptor type 1-homozygous-knockout mice （IL-1R1^-/-） and their wild-type littermates （WT） were orally inoculated with H pylori （Hp group）, while other cohorts received oral inoculation of culture medium （Cont group）. Thirteen weeks after the inoculation, the mice were examined. The plasma and stomach ghrelin levels and the gastric preproghrelin mRNA were measured.RESULTS： Although the WT mice with Hpyloriinfection showed a significantly decreased body weight as compared with that of the animals without HpyloriinfecUon,Hpyloriinfection did not influence the body weight of the IL-1Rl-knockout （IL-1R1^-/-） mice. In the Hpylori-infected IL-1R1＋ mice, the total and active ghrelin levels in the plasma were significantly increased, and the gastric ghrelin level was decreased. No significant differences were noted in the gastric preproghrelin mRNA expression.CONCLUSION： Ghrelin secretion triggered by H pylori infection might be suppressed by IL-1β, the release of which is also induced by the infection, resulting in the body weight loss of mice with Hpyloriinfection.

Psychosocial determinants of irritable bowel syndrome

From a pure motor disorder of the bowel,in the past few years,irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) has become a multifactorial disease that implies visceral hypersensitivity,alterations at the level of nervous and humoral communications between the enteric nervous system and the central nervous system,alteration of the gut microflora,an increased intestinal permeability and minimum intestinal inflammation.Psychological and social factors can interfere with the communication between the central and enteric nervous systems,and there is proof that they are involved in the onset of IBS and influence the response to treatment and outcome.There is evidence that abuse history and stressful life events are involved in the onset of functional gastrointestinal disorders.In order to explain clustering of IBS in families,genetic factors and social learning mechanisms have been proposed.The psychological features,such as anxiety,depression as well as the comorbid psychiatric disorders,health beliefs and coping of patients with IBS are discussed in relation to the symptoms and outcome.

Localization of a Robotic Capsule for GI Motility Inspection with a Portable Ultrasonic System

The micro-systems used for in vivo physical inspection have many advantages over traditional methods. In order to aid diagnosis of gastrointestinal (GI) motility disorders, a capsule is developed for GI pressure and pH inspection. Localization of the capsule in GI tract with time is a necessary condition for subsequent data analysis and medical diagnosis. It is also a common problem facing all in vivo mobile micro-systems. An approach of segment localization by utilizing some key points along GI tract is proposed. A portable ultrasonic detecting device was designed for this purpose. Experiments under conditions similar to GI tract were carried out and the results proved the effectiveness and reliability of this method and the device.

Effects of Hwangryunhaedok-tang on gastrointestinal motility function in mice

AIM To investigate the effects of Hwangryunhaedok-tang(HHT) on gastrointestinal(GI) motility in mice.METHODS The effects of a boiling water extract of HHT(HHTE) on GI motility were investigated by calculating percent intestinal transit rates(ITR%) and gastric emptying(GE) values using Evans Blue and phenol red, respectively, in normal mice and in mice with experimentally induced GI motility dysfunction(GMD). In addition, the effects of the four components of HHT, that is, Gardeniae Fructus(GF), Scutellariae Radix(SR), Coptidis Rhizoma(CR), and Phellodendri Cortex(PC), on GI motility were also investigated.RESULTS In normal ICR mice, ITR% and GE values were significantly and dose-dependently increased by the intragastric administration of HHTE(0.1-1 g/kg). The ITR% values of GMD mice were significantly lower than those of normal mice, and these reductions were significantly and dose-dependently inhibited by HHTE(0.1-1 g/kg). Additionally, GF, CR, and PC dosedependently increased ITR% and GE values in normal and GMD mice.CONCLUSION These results suggest that HHT is a novel candidate for the development of a gastroprokinetic agent for the GI tract.

Elenoside increases intestinal motility

AIM： TO study the effects of elenoside, an arylnaphthalene lignan from Justicia hyssopifolia, on gastrointestinal motility in vivo and in vitro in rats. METHODS： Routine in vivo experimental assessments were catharsis index, water percentage of boluses, intestinal transit, and codeine antagonism. The groups included were vehicle control （propylene glycol-ethanolplant oil-tween 80）, elenoside （i.p. 25 and 50 mg/kg）, cisapride （i.p. 10 mg/kg）, and codeine phosphate （intragastric route, 50 mg/kg）. In v/tro approaches used isolated rat intestinal tissues （duodenum, jejunum, and ileum）. The effects of elenoside at concentrations of 3.2 ×10^4, 6.4 ×10^4 and 1.2 ×10^3 mol/L, and cisapride at 10^6 mol/L were investigated. RESULTS： Elenoside in vivo produced an increase in the catharsis index and water percentage of boluses and in the percentage of distance traveled by a suspension of activated charcoal. Codeine phosphate antagonized the effect of 25 mg/kg of elenoside. In vitro, elenoside in duodenum, jejunum and ileum produced an initial decrease in the contraction force followed by an increase. Elenoslde resulted in decreased intestinal frequency in duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. The in vitro and in vivo effects of elenoside were similar to those produced by cisapride. CONCLUSION： Elenoside is a lignan with an action similar to that of purgative and prokinetics drugs. Elenoside, could be an alternative to cisapride in treatment of gastrointestinal diseases as well as a preventive therapy for the undesirable gastrointestinal effects produced by opioids used for mild to moderate pain.

Study of the duodenal contractile activity during antral contractions

AIM： To investigate the hypothesis that duodenal bulb （DB） inhibition on pyloric antrum （PA） contraction is reflex. METHODS： Balloon （condom）-tipped tube was introduced into 1^st duodenum （DD） and a manometric tube into each of PA and DD. Duodenal and antral pressure response to duodenal and then PA balloon distension with saline was recorded. These tests were repeated after separate anesthetization of DD and PA. RESULTS： Two and 4 mL of 1^st DD balloon distension produced no pressure changes in DD or PA （10.7±1.2 vs 9.8±1.2, 11.2±1.2 vs 11.3±1.2 on H20 respectively, P〉0.05）. Six mL distension effected 1^st DD pressure rise （30.6±3.4 cm H20, P 〈0.01） and PA pressure decrease （6.2±1.4 cm H20, P〈0.05）; no response in 2^nd, 3^rd and 4^th DD. There was no difference between 6, 8, and 10 mL distensions. Ten mL PA distension produced no PA or 1^st DD pressure changes （P〉 0.05）. Twenty mL distension increased PA pressure （92.4 4±10.7 cm H20, P〈0.01） and decreased 1^st DD pressure （1.6±0.3 cm H20, P〈0.01）; 30, 40, and 50 mL distension produced the same effect as the 20 mL distension （P 〉 0.05）. PA or DD distension after separate anesthetization produced no significant pressure changes in PA or DD. CONCLUSION： Large volume DD distension produced DD pressure rise denoting DD contraction and PA pressure decline denoting PA relaxation. PA relaxation upon DD contraction is postulated to be mediated through a reflex which we call duodeno-antral reflex. Meanwhile, PA distension effected DD relaxation which we suggest to be reflex and termed antro-duodenal reflex. It is suggested that these 2 reflexes, could act as investigative tools in diagnosis of gastroduodenal motility disorders.

简便有效的胃肠保健操

多发于胃肠的消化系统慢性病，除少数是器质性病变外，大多数是属于功能性疾患。这些疾病的发生，主要是由于缺乏体育锻炼以及生活不规律所造成的。胃肠保健操可以改善神经系统对肠胃运动的调节，锻炼腹壁肌肉，增加腹压，使下垂的胃肠回升，适于治疗消化不良、胃下垂、习惯性便秘等症，对于日常的胃肠保健也适用。此保健操宜于空腹进行，可以在早晨、午睡后或晚间睡前进行锻炼。

垂钓“四宜”,“四不宜”

爱好钓鱼的人很多,而且越来越多。原因很多,主要是垂钓活动既是休闲又能健身;而且吃鱼比吃红肉好,鱼肉没有高胆固醇,更容易消化,减少肠胃运动负担,有利于消化和吸收。

有一种药吃了能活120岁

如果有一种药物吃了能活一百二十岁，相信大家一定会去买。这种药物是有的，并且我们每个人都可以得到，它——就是少吃点。