肠膜蛋白对加州鲈肠道消化酶活力的影响

试验旨在研究不同水平的肠膜蛋白对加州鲈肠道消化酶活力的影响,并确定肠膜蛋白在加州鲈(Micropterus salmoides)生产中的最适添加水平。试验选择480尾健康、体况相近、体重约为5g的加州鲈,按照单因素试验设计,随机分成4组个处理,每个处理组3个重复,每个重复40尾加州鲈。试验加州鲈分别饲喂含有2%、4%和6%的肠膜蛋白的基础饲料,肠膜蛋白等比例替代鱼粉。饲养期60d。试验结束,采集各组加州鲈的肠道组织,检测肠道消化酶活力。结果显示,2%、4%和6%肠膜蛋白组加州鲈肠道中脂肪酶活力显著比对照组提高(P<0.05),且4%和6%肠膜蛋白组脂肪酶活力显著高于2%肠膜蛋白组(P<0.05);4%和6%肠膜蛋白组加州鲈肠道中胰蛋白酶活力显著高于对照组(P<0.05);2%、4%和6%肠膜蛋白组加州鲈肠道中糜蛋白酶活力显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。研究表明,加州鲈饲料中添加一定剂量的肠膜蛋白可以提高肠道中消化酶活力,且以4%的添加剂量为宜。

肠膜蛋白粉对断奶仔猪生产性能的影响

选用30日龄断奶仔猪80头,分为4组,以研究不同添加比例的肠膜蛋白粉对断奶仔猪生产性能的影响。试验结果表明,在断奶仔猪日粮中添加肠膜蛋白粉3%～6%效果较好,平均日采食量、平均日增重显著提高(P<0.01)。在一定程度上证明了肠膜蛋白粉是断奶仔猪的一种优良蛋白质饲料。

不同替代比例肠膜蛋白粉对猪有效能及营养物质消化率的影响

试验旨在通过套算法研究不同替代比例的肠膜蛋白粉对猪的有效能和营养物质表观消化率的影响。试验将24头平均体重(20.2±2.3)kg的健康去势公猪随机分为4组,每组6个重复。对照组饲喂玉米基础日粮,试验组分别是10%、20%和30%的肠膜蛋白粉替代基础日粮的试验日粮。试验期12 d,前7 d为预饲期,后5 d为粪尿收集期。结果显示,以干物质为基础,以10%、20%和30%肠膜蛋白粉替代基础日粮,试验得出的肠膜蛋白的表观代谢能分别为12.01、12.52 MJ/kg和12.10 MJ/kg(P<0.05);随着替代水平的升高,总能、有机物和中性洗涤纤维(P<0.05)的消化率降低,粗蛋白消化率先升高再降低。由此可见,生长猪对不同替代比例的各营养物质的表观消化率具有一定差异性,随着肠膜蛋白粉在基础日粮中替代比例的提高,肠膜蛋白粉的有效能值先升高再降低;当肠膜蛋白粉的比例是20%时,其原料的消化能和代谢能相对较高。

肠膜蛋白对加州鲈生长性能和肝肠健康的影响

选取平均体重3.5 g的加州鲈300尾,随机分为2组,每组3个重复,每个重复50尾,试验期56 d。结果表明:①用鸡肠膜蛋白等比例替代鱼粉(3%替代)可以增加加州鲈末重和降低饵料系数(P>0.05)。②肠膜替代鱼粉可显著提高加州鲈肠道胰蛋白酶、糜蛋白酶和脂肪酶活力(P<0.05)。③肠膜组可以显著降低血液中丙二醛(MDA)、谷草转氨酶(AST)和谷丙转氨酶(ALT)的活力,提高血液中总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)以及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(Gpx)的活力(P<0.05)。④肠膜蛋白组可以显著降低肝脏中脂肪含量(P<0.05),这与肝脏HE染色以及油红O染色结果一致。上述结果显示,用肠膜蛋白等比例替代鱼粉可以通过提高肠道消化酶活力,提高肠道和肝脏健康,从而促进加州鲈生长。

肠膜蛋白在动物生产中应用研究进展

肠膜蛋白粉(DPS)是以猪小肠为原料,经过蛋白酶水解提取医用肝素钠后,经高温灭菌和干燥等过程制造出来的动物蛋白原料。DPS中含有大量小肽及在小肠中存在的多种活性物质,其可应用于多种动物不同生长阶段,能为幼龄动物快速补充能量和蛋白质,从而改善肠道形态和生长性能。

利用肠衣-肝素加工废液提取肠膜蛋白工艺研究

以肠衣-肝素加工过程中产生的废液为原料进行肠膜蛋白提取。研究结果表明：最佳工艺为酶解p H 6.7、酶解温度53℃、酶解时间3.3 h和加酶量12 100 U/L。喷雾干燥过程中赋形剂添加量为8%,进风温度为200℃。得到的最终产品为乳黄色,粗蛋白含量大于50%,可溶性蛋白含量为40%左右,水分低于10%,氯化钠含量为6.5%～8%,符合肠膜蛋白质量要求。

肠膜蛋白的研究现状及展望

猪肠膜蛋白是一种新型功能营养性动物蛋白质原料,其来自猪肠膜的酶水解蛋白,是一种肽类饲料。文章就肠膜蛋白的特性、国内外研究现状和应用现状进行了阐述,并展望了其今后的发展趋势。

肠膜蛋白营养价值及其在水产动物饲料中的应用

简述了肠膜蛋白的营养价值,分析了肠膜蛋白对水产动物消化酶活性、营养物质消化率、免疫功能、肠道健康、蛋白质利用和生长性能以及饲料诱食性的影响。指出小肽类产品在水产动物饲料中的推广仍然处于发展阶段,提出从基础上加强小肽营养的理论研究,进一步研究小肽在不同种类水产动物中的吸收、代谢及其作用形式很有必要。

不同肠膜蛋白粉对断奶仔猪生长性能的影响

分别选取21日龄和42日龄两个批次各60头三元仔猪,随机分成两组,饲喂等比例添加的不同肠膜蛋白粉(SDP80、优肽)日粮,研究不同肠膜蛋白粉对断奶仔猪生长性能的影响。试验结果表明,从断奶到保育阶段,仔猪平均日增重、平均日采食量、料肉比等指标两组间均无显著差异(P>0.05)。因此,SDP80和优肽两种肠膜蛋白粉日粮对不同阶段仔猪的生长性能无显著影响。

鸡肠膜蛋白对保育猪生长性能的影响

选用189头平均体重(9.65±0.22)kg的35日龄保育猪,随机分为3个处理,每个处理3个重复(栏),每个重复21头猪。分别饲喂3种日粮,对照组日粮;试验组Ⅰ添加2.5%的猪肠膜蛋白,试验组Ⅱ添加2.5%鸡肠膜蛋白(富肽)。试验期15d。结果表明,与对照组相比,添加肠膜蛋白后能显著提高保育猪平均日增重(P <0.05),降低料肉比(P <0.05);与试验组Ⅰ相比,试验组Ⅱ保育猪生长性能无差异。得出结论,肠膜蛋白能够提高保育猪生长性能,鸡肠膜蛋白与猪肠膜蛋白效果无差异。

肠膜蛋白对鱼粉的不同替代水平对大鳞副泥鳅幼鱼生长性能、消化酶活性及抗氧化能力的影响

本试验评价了不同水平的肠膜蛋白替代鱼粉对大鳞副泥鳅(Paramisgurnus dabryanus)幼鱼的生长性能、消化酶活性及抗氧化能力的影响。选用大鳞副泥鳅幼鱼[初始体质量(0.45±0.05)g]1,080尾,随机分成6组,每组3个重复,每个重复60尾鱼。基础饲料(粗蛋白39.64%、粗脂肪6.93%)中鱼粉的添加量为52.8%,试验组采用肠膜蛋白分别替代20%、40%、60%、80%和100%的鱼粉,养殖时间为56d。结果表明:肠膜蛋白替代鱼粉的比例从20%增加到100%,对大鳞副泥鳅幼鱼增重率和特定生长率无显著影响(P>0.05);饲料系数(FCR)则呈先降低后升高的变化趋势,P40组达到最小(1.63),而P80和P100组饲料系数呈明显上升趋势,并显著高于其他试验组(P<0.05)。P80和P100组幼鱼成活率较鱼粉组和低比例替代组显著下降(P<0.05)。肝胰脏及前肠蛋白酶活性均随肠膜蛋白替代水平的增加呈先升高后降低的变化趋势,且均在P60组达到最高,分别为16,185.9μg/(g·min)和4,93.1μg/(g·min)(P<0.05),除与P80组差异不显著外(P>0.05),显著高于其余各试验组(P<0.05)。肠膜蛋白替代水平对泥鳅后肠蛋白酶活性无明显影响(P>0.05);随肠膜蛋白替代水平的升高,肝胰脏、前肠及后肠脂肪酶活性均呈先升高后降低的变化趋势,且均在P60组达到最高(分别为1.35μg/(g·min)、1.66μg/(g·min)和0.44μg/(g·min),肝胰脏和前肠脂肪酶活性除与P80组差异不显著外(P>0.05),显著高于其他试验组(P<0.05);随着肠膜蛋白替代水平的升高,肝胰脏和前肠淀粉酶活性呈先下降后逐渐趋于稳定的趋势,而后肠淀粉酶活性则呈先上升后逐渐趋于稳定的趋势。随着肠膜蛋白替代水平的增加,试验鱼肝胰脏超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性呈逐步上升趋势,P80和P100组SOD活性显著高于其余各组(P<0.05);丙二醛(MDA)含量和过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活性各组间无显著差异(P>0.05)。结论 :肠膜蛋白替代对大鳞副泥鳅幼鱼的生长性能没有显著影响,但60%以上的替代水平影响泥鳅幼鱼的饲料效率和成活率。但对肝胰脏和肠道消化酶,及对肝脏抗氧化机能的研究,未发现肠膜蛋白替代与其活性的变化的显著相关性,具体原因需要进一步试验验证。

Study on Outer Membrane Protein Patterns of Escherichia coli O38,O53 and O75 Isolated from Chickens

[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the outer membrane protein （OMP） patterns of Escherichia coli 038, 053 and 075 isolates from chickens. [Method] Eight pathogenic E. coil isolates with various serotypes were used as experimental materials to extract OMP by using supersonic schizolysis method and Sarcosyl. After SDS-PAGE electrophoresis, OMP patterns of the extracted products were determined based on the OMP model diagram. [Result] OMP of eight E. coil isolates with three serotypes were divided into three patterns, to be specific, 2 075 isolates respectively belonged to OMP-I and OMP-II pattern, 1 053 isolate belonged to OMP-II pattern, and 5 038 isolates belonged to OMP-I and OMP-III pattern. [Conclusion] Experimental results showed that E. coli isolates with the same serotype may belong to completely different OMP patterns, while serologically unrelated isolates may belong to the same OMP pattern. OMP of E. coil isolates with the same serotype may generate genetic differentiation; in addition, OMP of E. coli isolates with different serotypes may have different genetic correlation.

饲料及添加剂

北京英惠尔生物技术有限公司,在中国农科院饲料研究所的大力支持下,集业内动物营养、精细化工、生物技术等各学科技术精英,经3年的不懈研究,开发出绿色、安全、高效的瘦肉精替代物--'瘦美多'。它主要成分为酸铬、左旋肉碱、中草药等,不含任何激素和违禁药物,高效、安全、无停药期。可显著提高肥育猪的胴体品质,特别是提高瘦肉率和改善肉质、肉色。解决了多年来困扰养猪生产的猪的后期生长体型不丰满,屠宰时背膘厚,板油多,瘦肉率低,肉色苍白的问题。

Diagnostic value of plasminogen activity level in acute mesenteric ischemia

AIM: To investigate the changes in plasminogen activity level during mesenteric ischemia. METHODS: We performed laparotomy in 90 female Wistar-Albino rats (average weight 230 g). In sham groups (SL) (GroupsⅠand Ⅱ) the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) and vein (SMV) were explored, but not tied. In SMA groups (Groups Ⅲ and Ⅳ) the SMA was ligated, and in SMV groups (Groups Ⅴ and Ⅵ) the SMV was ligated. On re-laparatomy 2 mL of blood was drawn at 1 h in groupsⅠ, Ⅲ and Ⅴ, and at 3 h in groups Ⅱ, Ⅳ and Ⅵ. Plasminogen levels were assessed and comparisons were made between groups and within each group. RESULTS: The mean plasminogen activity in the SL group was significantly higher than SMA (25.1 ± 10.8 vs 11.8 ± 4.6, P < 0.001) or SMV (25.1 ± 10.8 vs 13.7 ± 4.4, P < 0.001) groups both at 1 h and at 3 h (29.8 ± 8.9 vs 15.1 ± 5.7, P < 0.0001; 29.8 ± 8.9 vs 14.2 ± 2.9, P < 0.0001). There were no significant differences between the values of SMA and SMV groups at 1 h (P = 0.28) and at 3 h (P = 0.71). In each group, plasminogen activity levels did not change significantly between the two measurements performed at 1 h and 3 h. CONCLUSION: We conclude that blood plasminogen activities decrease during early phases of both arterial and venous mesenteric ischemia which may be a useful marker for early diagnosis.

Transhepatic fibrinolysis of mesenteric and portal vein thrombosis in a patient with uIterative colitis: A case report

AIM: To present a case of acute mesenteric and portal vein thrombosis treated with thrombolytic therapy in a patient with ulcerative colitis in acute phase and to review the literature on thrombolytic therapy of mesenteric-portal system. Treatment of acute portal vein thrombosis has ranged from conservative treatment with thrombolysis and anticoagulation therapy to surgical treatment with thrombectomy and/or intestinal resection.METHODS: We treated our patient with intraportal infusion of plasminogen activator and then heparin through a percutaneous transhepatic catheter.RESULTS: Thrombus resolved despite premature interruption of the thrombolytic treatment for neurological complications, which subsequently resolved.CONCLUSION: Conservative management with plasminogen activator, could be considered as a good treatment for patients with acute porto-mesenteric thrombosis.

Effect of Lianshu preparation on lipopolysaccharide-induced diarrhea in rats

AIM： To investigate the effect of Lianshu preparation on lipopolysaccharide （LPS）-induced diarrhea in rats. METHODS： A diarrhea model was established in Sprague Dawley rats via injection of 1 mL of 30 mg/kg LPS. A total of 40 rats were randomly divided into normal group, LPS group, LPS ＋ Lianshu group, LPS ＋ berberine group （n = 10 in each group）. Their intestinal mucosal barrier and frequency of diarrhea were observed. Levels of glucose, serum Na^＋, K^＋, Cl and hematocrit, plasma nitrogen monoxide （NO）, diamine oxidase （DAO）, and D （-）-lactate were measured. The number of IgA＋ plasma cells in small intestine was detected and SIgA levels in the intestinal fluid were measured. The antipyretic activity of Lianshu preparation in rats was evaluated using Brewer＇s yeast-induced pyrexia （10 mL/kg of 20% aqueous suspension）. Acetaminophen （250 mg/kg, intragastric administration, bid） was comparison. Temperature used as a standard drug for was recorded 1 h before and 6 h after Brewer＇s yeast injection. Finally, small intestina transmission in mice treated with Lianshu was detected after intraperitoneal injection of methyl prostigmin （2 mg/kg）. Atropine （10 g/kg） was used as a control. The ink content in intestine was determined and the total length of intestine was measured. RESULTS： The frequency of diarrhea was higher in LPS group than in LPS ＋ Lianshu group and LPS ＋ berberine group （36.70± 5.23 vs 28.50 ±4.06 and 32.70±9.30 respectively, P 〈 0.01）, and lower in LP5 ＋ Lianshu group than in LPS ＋ berberine group （P = 0.03）. The levels of Na＋, glucose, Cl, K^＋ were significantly lower in LPS ＋ Lianshu group than in LPS ＋ berberine group （140.35±3.19 mmol/L vs 131.99±4.86 mmol/L, 8.49 ±1.84 mmol/L vs 6.54±2.30 mmol/L, 106.29± 4.41 mmol/L vs 102.5±1.39 mmol/L, 5.08±0.66 mmol/L vs 4.32 ± 0.62 mmol/L respectively, P 〈 0.05）. The level of hematocrit was lower in LPS ＋ Lianshu group than in LPS ＋ berberine group （0.50% ±0.07% vs 0.59%± 0.10% respectively, P 〈 0.05）. The plasma levels of NO, DAO and D （-）-lactate were higher in LPS group than in normal group （79.74 ± 7.39μmol/L vs 24.94 ± 3.38μmol/L, 2.48 ±0.42μ/mL vs 0.82 ±0.33 p/mL, 5.63± 0.85μg/mL vs 2.01 ±0.32 μg/mL respectively, P 〈 0.01）, and lower in LPS ＋ Lianshu group than in LP5 ＋ berberine group （48.59±4.70μmol/L vs 51.56 ±8.38 μmol/L, 1.43± 0.53μmol/mL vs 1.81 ±0.42 μmol/mL, 4.00± 0.54 μg/mL vs 4.88 ± 0.77 pg/mL respectively, P 〈 0.05）. The morphology of the intestinal mucosa showed destroyed villi in LPS group and atrophied intestinal mucosa in other groups. The pathological intestinal mucosal changes were less in LPS ＋ Lianshu group than in LPS group. The number of IgA＋ plasma cells and amount of SIgA were higher in LPS ＋ Lianshu group than in LPS group （1.16±0.19/μm^2 vs 1.09±0.28/μm^2, P = 0.026; 0.59 ±0.12 mg/L vs 0.15± 0.19 mg/L respectively, P = 0.000）. Lianshu had counteractive effects on yeast-induced pyrexia and enterokinesia in rats. CONCLUSION： Lianshu preparation has therapeutic effects on LPS-induced diarrhea and enterokinesia in rats.

Expression of intestinal mucosa tight junctions claudin proteins and mRNA in patients with irritable bowel syndrome

Objective：To investigate the changes of intestinal mucosa tight junctions （TJs） claudin-1, -3, -4 proteins and mRNA changes in patients with irritable bowel syndrome （IBS） and to elucidate their possible roles in the changes of bowel evacuation habit and formation. Methods： Claudin-1, -3, -4 proteins and mRNA were evaluated in intestinal mucosa in control group, D-IBS （diarrhea IBS） group and C-IBS （constipation IBS） group with immunohistochemical assay and Realtime-PCR. Results： It was observed that claudin-1, -3, -4 proteins were localized in the membranes of epithelial cells along the entire length of the plasma membrane including the apical end of the epithelial cells. The elaudins were concentrated at the site of TJs only. Claudin-1, 3, -4 mRNA and claudin-1 protein in small intestinal mucosa and colonal mucous in D-IBS group were significantly downregulated （P〈0.05）. Claudin-1, -3, -4 mRNA and proteins in small intestinal mucosa and colonal mucous in C-IBS group were significantly upregulated （P〈0. 05）. There was no significant difference in the expression of claudin-3 protein in both small intestinal mueosa and colonal mucous between D-IBS group and control group（P〉0.05）. Similarly, no significantly different expression of claudin-4 protein in colonal mucous in D-IBS group was found compared with control group （P〉0.05）. Otherwise, the expression of claudin 4 protein in small intestinal mucosa decreased in D-IBS group （P〈0.05）. Conclusion： Claudin-1, -3, -4 may play a potential important role in the changes of bowel evacuation habit and formation in patients with IBS. It is not due to the localization changes of claudin proteins in TJ, but may be caused by the quantitative changes of the expression of TJ proteins and mRNA.

Circadian variation in expression of G_1 phase cyclins D_1 and E and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors p16 and p21 in human bowel mucosa

AIM： To evaluate whether the cellular proliferation rate in the large bowel epithelial cells is characterized by circadian rhythm. METHODS： Between January 2003 and December 2004, twenty patients who were diagnosed as suffering from primary, resectable, non-metastatic adenocarcinoma of the lower rectum, infiltrating the sphincter mechanism, underwent abdominoperineal resection, total mesorectal excision and permanent left iliac colostomy. In formalinfixed and paraffin-embedded biopsy specimens obtained from the colostomy mucosa every six hours （00：00, 06：00, 12：00, 18：00 and 24：00）, we studied the expression of G1 phase cyclins （D1 and E） as well as the expression of the G1 phase cyclin-dependent kinase （CDK） inhibitors p16 and p21 as indicators of cell cycle progres- sion in colonic epithelial cells using immunohistochemical methods. RESULTS： The expression of both cyclins showed a similar circadian fashion obtaining their lowest and highest values at 00：00 and 18：00, respectively （P〈 0.001）. A circadian rhythm in the expression of CDK inhibitor proteins p16 and p21 was also observed, with the lowest levels obtained at 12：00 and 18：00 （P〈0.001）, respectively. When the complexes cyclins D1-p21 and E-p21 were examined, the expression of the cyclins was adversely correlated to the p21 expression throughout the day. When the complexes the cyclins D1-p16 and E-p16 were examined, high levels of p16 expression were correlated to low levels of cyclin expression at 00：00, 06：00 and 24：00. Meanwhile, the highest expression levels of both cyclins were correlated to high levels of p16 expression at 18：00. CONCLUSION： Colonic epithelial cells seem to enter the G1 phase of the cell cycle during afternoon （between 12：00 and 18：00） with the highest rates obtained at 18：00. From a clinical point of view, the present results suggest that G1-phase specific anticancer therapies in afternoon might maximize their anti-tumor effect while minimizing toxicity.

Cluster Analysis of Differentially Expressed Heat Stress Genes in Rat Jejunal Mucosal

[Objective] The aim was to study the heat stress mechanism of differen tially expressed genes in rat jejunal mucosal.[Method] Variable cluster analysis and cluster analysis of samples on the differentially expressed heat stress genes in rat jejunal mucosal were carried out with SAS software,and statistics of distribution of the differentially expressed genes on chromosomes were conducted.[Result] The differentially expressed genes were divided into seven categories,of which,the upregulated genes included three categories （i.e.：Category A：Hspa1a,Hspa1b,Hspb1,Hsph1,Dnaja4,Ahsa2 and P4ha1; Category B：Cyp1a2,Zbtb16,Gucy2g,Fgb,Cyp4a3 and Etv2; and Category C：Cyp1a2,Chac1 and Cyp4b1） and the down-regulated genes included four categories （i.e.：Category D：Tlr2,Noxo1,LOC286989 and Aspg; Category E：RGD1560395,Alb and BQ194726; Category F：Ccl4,Gzmk,Al228153,Anxa10,S100a9 and Ascl5; and Category G：Reg1a and Slc13a1）.The classification,function and reasons of differential expression for each gene category were analyzed.[Conclusion] Most of the three categories of up-regulated genes were related to the heat shock proteins; and most of the four categories of down-regulated genes were related to the immunity,providing reference for discussion of the heat stress mechanism.

Proteomic analysis of down-regulated proteins in colonic mucosa of chronic slow transit constipation rats

Objective： To investigate the alternations of proteins in the colonic mucosa of chronic slow transit constipation （STC） rats with a 2-DE-based proteomic method and analyze the function of these down-regulated proteins so as to provide theoretical basis for the pathogenesis of intestinal mucosa of chronic STC rats. Methods： STC model was established by feeding rats with 8 mg/（kg＇d） diphenoxylate for 120 d. An experimental model of chronic STC rat was used for separation of proteomics from colonic mucosa using two-dimensional electrophoresis （2-DE）. Proteins altered in expressional level were identified by Image Master 2DElite, mass spectrometry, and bibliometrics were applied to identify the differential protein expression and their clinical s observed in the pathogenesis lgn of ificance and function were analyzed. Results： Obvious differential protein expression was STC, including mast cell protease （A1）, non-specific dipeptidase （A2） and chondrosome succinate dehydrogenase precursor （A3）. The expressions of A1, A2 and A3 were down-regulated in the gel graph of STC rats Conclusion： The down-regulation of chondrosome succinate dehydrogenase, mast cell protease as well as non-specific dipeptidase in rat colon suggests the functional impairment of the oxidoreduction of mitochondrion is very important in the genesis and development of STC. The immunological reaction of STC rats is weakened, and the function of digesting and absorbing protein may be damaged to some extent.