红肠片药膜法测定药剂对红火蚁的诱杀毒力

利用红肠片药膜法在田间开展了红火蚁的杀虫剂毒力测定。高效氯氟氰菊酯、呋虫胺、高效氯氰菊酯和溴虫氟苯双酰表现出很好的毒力,LC_(50)值分别为9.631、10.139、10.393 mg/L和16.391mg/L。多杀霉素、毒死蜱和茚虫威也表现出了良好的毒力。该毒力测定方法简化了红火蚁取样,缩短了毒力测定时间,有利于快速筛选红火蚁的有效防治药剂。

肠道用药膜的研制与临床应用

本文着重报告了肠道用药膜的制备、实验研究及303例临床疗效。实践证明,这种肠用药膜药物释放恒定,药效可维持z0小时以上,副作用少,有较好的局部治疗作用。

Comparison of esomeprazole enteric-coated capsules vs esomeprazole magnesium in the treatment of active duodenal ulcer: A randomized, double-blind, controlled study

AIM： To evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of two different preparations of esomeprazole in healing duodenal ulcers. METHODS： A total of 60 patients with active duodenal ulcers were enrolled and randomized to receive esomeprazole enteric-coated capsules （40 mg） or esomeprazole magnesium （40 mg）, once daily, for 4 consecutive wk, with ulcer healing being monitored by endoscopy. Safety and tolerability were also assessed. RESULTS： Fifty seven patients completed the whole trial. The ulcer healing rates at the end of wk 2 were 86.7% and 85.2% in the esomeprazole enteric-coated capsules and esomeprazole magnesium groups, respectively （P = 0.8410）, and reached 100% at the end of wk 4 in beth groups. Symptom relief at the end of wk 2 was 90.8% in the esomeprazole enteric-coated capsules group and 86.7% in the esomeprazole magnesium group （P = 0.5406）; at the end of wk 4 symptom relief was 95.2% and 93.2%, respectively （P = 0.5786）. Adverse events occurred in 16.7% of the esomeprazole entericcoated capsules group and 14.8% of the esomeprazole magnesium group （P = 1.0000）. CONCLUSION： The efficacies of esomeprazole entericcoated capsules and esomeprazole magnesium in healing duodenal ulcer lesions and relieving gastrointestinal symptoms are equivalent. The tolerability and safety of beth drugs were comparable.

Strictures, diaphragms, erosions or ulcerations of ischemic type in the colon should always prompt consideration of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-induced lesions

AIM： To investigate whether NSAIDs/ASA lesions in the colon can histologically be diagnosed on the basis of ischemic necrosis similar to biopsy-based diagnosis of NSAIDs/ASA- induced erosions and ulcers of the stomach. METHODS： In the period between 1997 and 2002, we investigated biopsy materials obtained from 611 patients （415 women, 196 men, average age 60.5 years） with endoscopic focal erosions, ulcerations, strictures or diaphragms in the colon. In the biopsies obtained from these lesions, we always established the suspected diagnosis of NSA/D-inducecl lesions whenever necroses of the ischemic type were found. Together with the histological report, we enclosed a questionnaire to investigate the use of medication. The data provided by the questionnaire were then correlated with the endoscopic findings, the location, number and nature of the lesions, and the histological findings. RESULTS： At the time of their colonoscopy, 86.1% of the patients had indeed been taking NSAID/ASA medication for years （43.9%） or months （29.5%）. The most common indication for the use of these drugs was pain （64.3%）, and the most common indication for colonoscopy was bleeding （55.5%）. Endoscopic inspection revealed multiple erosions and/or ulcers in 60.6%, strictures in 15.8%, and diaphragms in 3.0% of the patients. The lesions were located mainly in the right colon including the transverse colon （79.9%）. A separate analysis of age and sex distribution, endoscopic and histological findings for NSAIDs alone, ASA alone, combined NSAID/ASA, and for patients denying the use of such drugs, revealed no significant differences among the groups. CONCLUSION： This uncontrolled retrospective study based on the histological finding of an ischemic necrosis shows that the histologically suspected diagnosis of NSAID-induced lesions in the colon is often correct. The true diagnostic validity of this finding and the differentiation from ischemic colitis should, however, be investigated in a prospective controlled study.

NSAID-induced deleterious effects on the proximal and mid small bowel in seronegative spondyloarthropathy patients

AIM:To investigate the small bowel of seronegative spondyloarthropathy(SpA) patients in order to ascertain the presence of mucosal lesions.METHODS:Between January 2008 and June 2010,54 consecutive patients were enrolled and submitted to avideo capsule endoscopy(VCE) examination.Historyand demographic data were taken,as well as the history of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug(NSAID) consumption.After reading each VCE recording,a capsule endoscopy scoring index for small bowel mucosal inflammatory change(Lewis score) was calculated.Statistical analysis of the data was performed.RESULTS:The Lewis score for the whole cohort was 397.73.It was higher in the NSAID consumption subgroup(P = 0.036).The difference in Lewis score between NSAID users and non-users was reproduced for the first and second proximal tertiles of the small bowel,but not for its distal third(P values of 0.036,0.001 and 0.18,respectively).There was no statistical significant difference between the groups with regard to age or sex of the patients.CONCLUSION:The intestinal inflammatory involvement of SpA patients is more prominent in NSAID users for the proximal/mid small bowel,but not for its distal part.

Advances in small animal mesentery models for in vivo flow cytometry,dynamic microscopy,and drug screening

Using animal mesentery with intravital optical microscopy is a well-established experimental model for studying blood and lymph microcirculation in vivo. Recent advances in cell biology and optical techniques provide the basis for extending this model for new applications, which should generate significantly improved experimental data. This review summarizes the achievements in this specific area, including in vivo label-free blood and lymph photothermal flow cytometry, super-sensitive fluorescence image cytometry, light scattering and speckle flow cytometry, microvessel dynamic microscopy, infrared (IR) angiography, and high-speed imaging of individual cells in fast flow. The capabilities of these techniques, using the rat mesentery model, were demonstrated in various studies; e.g., real-time quantitative detection of circulating and migrating individual blood and cancer cells, studies on vascular dynamics with a focus on lymphatics under normal conditions and under different interventions (e.g. lasers, drugs, nicotine), assessment of lymphatic disturbances from experimental lymphedema, monitoring cell traffic between blood and lymph systems, and high-speed imaging of cell transient deformability in flow. In particular, the obtained results demonstrated that individual cell transportation in living organisms depends on cell type (e.g., normal blood or leukemic cells), the cell’s functional state (e.g., live, apoptotic, or necrotic), and the functional status of the organism. Possible future applications, including in vivo early diagnosis and prevention of disease, monitoring immune response and apoptosis, chemo- and radio-sensitivity tests, and drug screening, are also discussed.

Special diaphragm-like strictures of small bowel unrelated to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

AIM:To summarize clinical,endoscopic,radiologic and pathologic features of special diaphragm-like strictures found in small bowel,with no patient use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs(NSAIDs).METHODS:From January 2000 to fecember 2009,5 cases(2 men and 3 women,with a mean age of 41.6 years) were diagnosed as having diaphragm-like strictures of small bowel on imaging,,operation and pathology.All the patients denied the use of NSAIDs.The clinical,endoscopic,radiologic and pathologic findings in these 5 patients were retrospectively reviewedfrom the hospital database.Images of capsule endoscopy(CE) and small bowel follow-through(SBFT) obtained in 3 and 3 patients,respectively,and images of double-balloon enteroscopy and computed tomography enterography(CTE) obtained in all 5 patients were available for review.RESULTS:All patients presented with long-term(2-16 years) symptoms of gastrointestinal bleeding and varying degrees of anemia.There was only one stricture in ?our cases and three lesions in one case,and all the lesions were located in the middle or distal segment of ileum.Circumferential stricture was shown in the small bowel in three cases in the CE image,but the capsule was retained in the small bowel of 2 patients.Routine abdomen computed tomography scan showed no other abnormal results except gallstones in one patient.The lesions were shown as circumferential strictures accompanied by dilated small bowel loops in the small bowel on the images of CTE(in all 5 cases),SBFT(in 2 cases) and double-balloon enteroscopy(in all cases).On microscopy,a chronic inflammatory infiltrate and circumferential diaphragm were found in all lesions.CONCLUSION:fiaphragm-like strictures of small bowel might be a special consequence of unclear damaging insults to the intestine,having similar clinical,endoscopic,radiologic and pathologic features.

Fermentation Production of Ganoderma lucidum by Bacillus subtilis Ameliorated Ceftriaxone-induced Intestinal Dysbiosis and Improved Intestinal Mucosal Barrier Function in Mice

Objective This study aimed to develop a type of Ganoderma lucidum(G.lucidum)-probiotic fermentation broth that can effectively improve the intestinal mucosal barrier function of mice with ceftriaxone-induced intestinal dysbiosis.Methods By means of absorbance of optical density(OD)value and phenol-concentrated sulfuric acid measurement of polysaccharide content,the probiotic species can grow on the medium of G.lucidum were screened out,and the concentration of the medium of G.lucidum was determined,and the fermentation broth was prepared for subsequent experiments.Thirty-two SPF grade male BALB/c mice were randomly divided into four groups(eight mice in each group),namely control group(CON),intestinal mucosal barrier damage model group(CS),fermentation broth intervention group(FT)and G.lucidum medium intervention group(GL),respectively.The intestinal dysregulation model was induced by intra-gastric administration of 0.2 mL ceftriaxone sodium(twice a day for seven consecutive days).From day 8,the FT group and GL group were gavage with 0.2 mL fermentation broth and G.lucidum medium,respectively.On day 15,all mice were sacrificed.To draw the weight curve and measure the cecal index;pathological examination of colon tissues with HE staining;serum levels of LPS,IL-10,TNF and IL-6 were detected by ELISA.Flow cytometry was used to analyze the changes of CD3+T cells,CD4+T cells,CD8+T cells and macrophages in spleen.16S rRNA sequencing was performed to detect the intestinal microbiota structure of mice.Results Bacillus subtilis can decompose and utilize G.lucidum fruiting body medium,and the suitable concentration of G.lucidum fruiting body medium is 33.2 mg/mL.The effect of Bacillus subtilis-G.lucidum fermentation broth on the damage of intestinal mucosal barrier caused by ceftriaxone sodium was reduced,the body weight of mice recovered and colon swelling improved,colon histopathological injury was alleviated,inflammatory cell infiltration was alleviated,serum IL-10 increased significantly,LPS、TNF-αand IL-6 decreased significantly compared with model group,and the proportion of T cells and intestinal dysbiosis was improved.Conclusions The experimental results suggest that Bacillus subtilis-G.lucidum fermentation broth can effectively improve the intestinal barrier function damage,immune dysfunction and intestinal dysbiosis caused by antibiotic overdose,and has a certain regulatory effect on intestinal mucosal barrier function.

Role of p53 in Anticancer Drug Treatment- and Radiation-Induced Injury in Normal Small Intestine

In the human gastrointestinal tract,the functional mucosa of the small intestine has the highest capacity for absorption of nutrients and rapid proliferation rates,making it vulnerable to chemoradiotherapy.Recent understanding of the protective role of p53- mediated cell cycle arrest in the small intestinal mucosa has led researchers to explore new avenues to mitigate mucosal injury during cancer treatment.A traditional p53 inhibitor and two other molecules that exhibit strong protective effects on normal small intestinal epithelium during anticancer drug treatment and radiation therapy are introduced in this work.The objective of this review was to update current knowledge regarding potential mechanisms and targets that inhibit the side effects induced by chemoradiotherapy.