The aim of this study is to assess the water microbiologic pollution in Durres＇s Harbour basin and to compare it with European standards. The comparison of heterotrophs and total coliforms level in sampling are the e...The aim of this study is to assess the water microbiologic pollution in Durres＇s Harbour basin and to compare it with European standards. The comparison of heterotrophs and total coliforms level in sampling are the essence of this research. The object of this study is done in four sampling areas of Durres＇s Harbour basin. In order to compare the level of water microbiologic pollution in four areas of Durres＇s Harbour basin, control area is also studied which is a beach area near the Harbour named Apollonia Beach. The sampling areas were： Ferry Terminal （FT）, Fishery Harbor （FH）, East Zone （EZ）, Fuel Quay （FQ） and Apollonia Beach （AB）, respectively. The period of sample-taking was July-October 2008. The strategy used for this purpose consisted in water insemination with coverage method by means of Petri＇s plates according to respective dilutions in culture media Plate Count Agar （PCA） for heterotrophs and MacConkey for total coliforms. The number of colonies that are formed determines the number of cells at the moment of water insemination, the number of heterotrophs in culture media PCA, respectively. The number of pink and red colonies that were formed determines the number of cells at the moment of water insemination, the number of total coliforms in culture media MacConkey, respectively. The measure ofheterotrophic bacteria and total coliforms used is Colony-Forming Units （CFU）/100 mL seawater. （AB） is within European standards. The richest area with heterotrophs is （FH）, which confirms the fact that it is the most polluted microbiologic area in the Harbour basin of Durres. The richest area with total coliforms is （FT）. The poorest area with heterotrophs and total coliforms is （FQ）.展开更多
Sensorial and microbiological characteristics of a Brazilian fresh cheese samples with Bifidobacterium animalis subps. lactis as well as samples with this probiotic and polydextrose, a prebiotic ingredient, were evalu...Sensorial and microbiological characteristics of a Brazilian fresh cheese samples with Bifidobacterium animalis subps. lactis as well as samples with this probiotic and polydextrose, a prebiotic ingredient, were evaluated. The addition of this microorganism was studied as： （1） lyophilized probiotic added to cheese curd and （2） by using milk previously fermented by this probiotic to produce the cheese. Cheese samples were microbiologically characterized after 0, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days of storage at a temperature of 4 ℃. The microbiological analyses conducted were quantification of total lactic acid bacteria, mesophilic microorganisms, Bif. animalis subps, lactis, coliforms at 30 ℃ and 45 ℃. Affective sensory test was conducted for two different cheese samples （with probiotic and with probiotic and prebiotic） as well as for control one week after manufacturing date. Cheese samples provided acceptable results for coliform counts at 30 ℃ and 45 ℃ in compliance with legislation. The cheese samples produced using milk fermented by probiotic showed counts of 107-108 CFU/g after 28 days of storage, which assures functional property for this product to be claimed.展开更多
Like many fruit trees, palm trees provide large amounts of non valued products. Composting is considered as the most promising technique for the valorisation of these products. In this work, the heap composting way is...Like many fruit trees, palm trees provide large amounts of non valued products. Composting is considered as the most promising technique for the valorisation of these products. In this work, the heap composting way is evaluated. Several physicochemical （pH, humidity, salinity, density, organic matter rate, C/N ratio, heavy metals） and some microbiological parameters （total and faecal coliforms, Escherichia coli, streptococci and salmonella） are studied after compost maturation. Main results show that palm compost is characterised by a neutral pH （7.87）, low humidity （40.77%）, high organic matter （50%）, high salinity （2.06 g/L）, acceptable C/N ratio （12.2）, low density （0.43 g/cm3）, high conductivity （3.22 ms/cm）, 109.6 ppm of NH4 and 256.66 ppm of HNO3. Finally, microbiological parameters respect hygiene requirements in comparison with compost quality standards.展开更多
The study was conducted in water marshes for five major marshes during the months of January, April and September of each region （Hawizeh, Hammer and the central marsh） in southern Iraq. Bacteriological analysis tha...The study was conducted in water marshes for five major marshes during the months of January, April and September of each region （Hawizeh, Hammer and the central marsh） in southern Iraq. Bacteriological analysis that some of the default pathological bacteria, including TC （Total bacterial count）, FCB （faecal coliform bacteria）, MPN （coliform bacteria） and FS （faecal streptococcus） can evidence to indicate of pollution. The results showed that most of the water samples examined pathological contain bacteria which indicates that the water is unfit for human consumption and the waters as basal （more hydrogen than No. 7）. There was a high salinity more than the permissible limits for human consumption and even to irrigate crops, and the same case for dissolve oxygen which exceeded are other limits as drinking water.展开更多
The waxing step plays an important role in production of ripening cheese, the aim of this research is to introduce different concentration of propolis with bee wax to waxing of Gouda cheese, according to a good charac...The waxing step plays an important role in production of ripening cheese, the aim of this research is to introduce different concentration of propolis with bee wax to waxing of Gouda cheese, according to a good characteristic of propolis as antimicrobial. A prospective study carried on samples of Gouda cheese waxed by local bee wax with different percentage of local propolis, then cheese was ripened for three months at l0℃. It was found that addition （10%, 20% and 30%） of propolis effects of total bacterial count, coliform count, molds and yeasts count, 30% of propolis had a higher incidence during the period of Gouda cheese which was ripened for three months, then the 20%, but the 10% of propolis had a few microbial effects, compared with control treatments that had a high count of bacterial, coliform, molds and yeasts. This study shows that difference was observed between the total bacterial count of control treatment （0% propolis） with other treatments （10%, 20% and 30% of propolis） after three months of Gouda cheese ripened as well as difference was observed between the total bacterial count of treatment （30% propolis） and other treatments. However, there was no difference between the treatments 10% and 20%, the study shows that the coliform count decrease by increase of propolis percent compared with the control treatment which had increase of coliform count during ripened period, and it had a high significant difference in the count of coilform to different treatments, but a considerable difference was not observed between coliform count in the second treatment （20% propolis） and that the third treatment （30%） propolis after three months of ripening, the third treatment had a high difference in growth inhibition of molds and yeasts counts compared with the other treatments after three months of ripened Gouda cheese. It could be observed in general that effects of propolis especially the third treatment was a great on the mold and yeasts which is usually growth on the surface of the cheese.展开更多
Three hundred, one-day-old Japanese quail （Coturnixjaponica） divided into four groups, with three subgroups each, were fed a basal diet that served as control, or a basal diet containing 6 g calcium formate （CF）/k...Three hundred, one-day-old Japanese quail （Coturnixjaponica） divided into four groups, with three subgroups each, were fed a basal diet that served as control, or a basal diet containing 6 g calcium formate （CF）/kg or 2 g mannan oligosaccharides （MOS）/kg or both 6 g CF/kg plus 2 g MOS/kg. On 21st and 42nd days the pH of the quail crop, proventriculus, gizzard, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, large intestine and ceca were measured in situ and the total aerobic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, Enterobacteriaceae and coliforms counts of the cecal content were recorded. Results showed that MOS decreased the cecal pH on the 42nd day and the total aerobic bacteria counts on 21st day. Moreover, CF decreased the cecal pH on the 42nd day and the lactic acid bacteria counts on 21st day. Interaction between MOS and CF was noticed on the cecal pH on the 42nd day, as the combined dietary addition of MOS and CF resulted in lower pH, compared to each separate addition. Also, interaction was noticed on the cecal bacterial counts on the 21st day, as the combined dietary addition of MOS and CF resulted in lower total aerobic bacteria, Enterobacteriacea and coliform counts, compared to each separate addition.展开更多
文摘The aim of this study is to assess the water microbiologic pollution in Durres＇s Harbour basin and to compare it with European standards. The comparison of heterotrophs and total coliforms level in sampling are the essence of this research. The object of this study is done in four sampling areas of Durres＇s Harbour basin. In order to compare the level of water microbiologic pollution in four areas of Durres＇s Harbour basin, control area is also studied which is a beach area near the Harbour named Apollonia Beach. The sampling areas were： Ferry Terminal （FT）, Fishery Harbor （FH）, East Zone （EZ）, Fuel Quay （FQ） and Apollonia Beach （AB）, respectively. The period of sample-taking was July-October 2008. The strategy used for this purpose consisted in water insemination with coverage method by means of Petri＇s plates according to respective dilutions in culture media Plate Count Agar （PCA） for heterotrophs and MacConkey for total coliforms. The number of colonies that are formed determines the number of cells at the moment of water insemination, the number of heterotrophs in culture media PCA, respectively. The number of pink and red colonies that were formed determines the number of cells at the moment of water insemination, the number of total coliforms in culture media MacConkey, respectively. The measure ofheterotrophic bacteria and total coliforms used is Colony-Forming Units （CFU）/100 mL seawater. （AB） is within European standards. The richest area with heterotrophs is （FH）, which confirms the fact that it is the most polluted microbiologic area in the Harbour basin of Durres. The richest area with total coliforms is （FT）. The poorest area with heterotrophs and total coliforms is （FQ）.
文摘Sensorial and microbiological characteristics of a Brazilian fresh cheese samples with Bifidobacterium animalis subps. lactis as well as samples with this probiotic and polydextrose, a prebiotic ingredient, were evaluated. The addition of this microorganism was studied as： （1） lyophilized probiotic added to cheese curd and （2） by using milk previously fermented by this probiotic to produce the cheese. Cheese samples were microbiologically characterized after 0, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days of storage at a temperature of 4 ℃. The microbiological analyses conducted were quantification of total lactic acid bacteria, mesophilic microorganisms, Bif. animalis subps, lactis, coliforms at 30 ℃ and 45 ℃. Affective sensory test was conducted for two different cheese samples （with probiotic and with probiotic and prebiotic） as well as for control one week after manufacturing date. Cheese samples provided acceptable results for coliform counts at 30 ℃ and 45 ℃ in compliance with legislation. The cheese samples produced using milk fermented by probiotic showed counts of 107-108 CFU/g after 28 days of storage, which assures functional property for this product to be claimed.
文摘Like many fruit trees, palm trees provide large amounts of non valued products. Composting is considered as the most promising technique for the valorisation of these products. In this work, the heap composting way is evaluated. Several physicochemical （pH, humidity, salinity, density, organic matter rate, C/N ratio, heavy metals） and some microbiological parameters （total and faecal coliforms, Escherichia coli, streptococci and salmonella） are studied after compost maturation. Main results show that palm compost is characterised by a neutral pH （7.87）, low humidity （40.77%）, high organic matter （50%）, high salinity （2.06 g/L）, acceptable C/N ratio （12.2）, low density （0.43 g/cm3）, high conductivity （3.22 ms/cm）, 109.6 ppm of NH4 and 256.66 ppm of HNO3. Finally, microbiological parameters respect hygiene requirements in comparison with compost quality standards.
文摘The study was conducted in water marshes for five major marshes during the months of January, April and September of each region （Hawizeh, Hammer and the central marsh） in southern Iraq. Bacteriological analysis that some of the default pathological bacteria, including TC （Total bacterial count）, FCB （faecal coliform bacteria）, MPN （coliform bacteria） and FS （faecal streptococcus） can evidence to indicate of pollution. The results showed that most of the water samples examined pathological contain bacteria which indicates that the water is unfit for human consumption and the waters as basal （more hydrogen than No. 7）. There was a high salinity more than the permissible limits for human consumption and even to irrigate crops, and the same case for dissolve oxygen which exceeded are other limits as drinking water.
文摘The waxing step plays an important role in production of ripening cheese, the aim of this research is to introduce different concentration of propolis with bee wax to waxing of Gouda cheese, according to a good characteristic of propolis as antimicrobial. A prospective study carried on samples of Gouda cheese waxed by local bee wax with different percentage of local propolis, then cheese was ripened for three months at l0℃. It was found that addition （10%, 20% and 30%） of propolis effects of total bacterial count, coliform count, molds and yeasts count, 30% of propolis had a higher incidence during the period of Gouda cheese which was ripened for three months, then the 20%, but the 10% of propolis had a few microbial effects, compared with control treatments that had a high count of bacterial, coliform, molds and yeasts. This study shows that difference was observed between the total bacterial count of control treatment （0% propolis） with other treatments （10%, 20% and 30% of propolis） after three months of Gouda cheese ripened as well as difference was observed between the total bacterial count of treatment （30% propolis） and other treatments. However, there was no difference between the treatments 10% and 20%, the study shows that the coliform count decrease by increase of propolis percent compared with the control treatment which had increase of coliform count during ripened period, and it had a high significant difference in the count of coilform to different treatments, but a considerable difference was not observed between coliform count in the second treatment （20% propolis） and that the third treatment （30%） propolis after three months of ripening, the third treatment had a high difference in growth inhibition of molds and yeasts counts compared with the other treatments after three months of ripened Gouda cheese. It could be observed in general that effects of propolis especially the third treatment was a great on the mold and yeasts which is usually growth on the surface of the cheese.
文摘Three hundred, one-day-old Japanese quail （Coturnixjaponica） divided into four groups, with three subgroups each, were fed a basal diet that served as control, or a basal diet containing 6 g calcium formate （CF）/kg or 2 g mannan oligosaccharides （MOS）/kg or both 6 g CF/kg plus 2 g MOS/kg. On 21st and 42nd days the pH of the quail crop, proventriculus, gizzard, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, large intestine and ceca were measured in situ and the total aerobic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, Enterobacteriaceae and coliforms counts of the cecal content were recorded. Results showed that MOS decreased the cecal pH on the 42nd day and the total aerobic bacteria counts on 21st day. Moreover, CF decreased the cecal pH on the 42nd day and the lactic acid bacteria counts on 21st day. Interaction between MOS and CF was noticed on the cecal pH on the 42nd day, as the combined dietary addition of MOS and CF resulted in lower pH, compared to each separate addition. Also, interaction was noticed on the cecal bacterial counts on the 21st day, as the combined dietary addition of MOS and CF resulted in lower total aerobic bacteria, Enterobacteriacea and coliform counts, compared to each separate addition.
