中国肥料业的和谐发展策略

一、中国肥料业的现状 1、第一个螺旋式上升 伴随着人类的文明发展史，中国肥料业也是从古至今的经历了一个漫长的发展过程，使用过绿肥、有机肥、化肥、生物肥（也包括微生物肥料）等肥料。当然，目前是以化肥为主。有识之士和敏锐的媒体也应当看到：中国肥料业也是遵循着历史发展的必然规律，呈螺旋式上升的。从自然状态上升至大工业化生产，完成了第一个上升的螺旋；这一个螺旋式上升经历了非常漫长的过程，是无比重要的，将人类从自然界里解放出来。

中国土壤肥料业举行60年庆典

日前．中国土壤肥料业60年庆祝大会暨颁奖典礼在北京举行，会上公布了60年最具影响力人物、企业、产品、技术、专著、事件。著名科学家侯德榜、邓植仪、侯光炯等被推选为最具影响力人物，中化化肥、中石油、中海油、中阿化肥、山东鲁北企业集团等企业被推选为最具影响力企业，昆仑、撒可富、

土壤肥料业60年最具影响力人物在京揭晓

由中国技术市场协会、中国肥料专家年会评选的中国土壤肥料业60年最具影响力人物前日在京揭晓，著名科学家侯德榜、邓植仪、侯光炯、张乃凤、朱兆良、刘更另、石元春、顾二熊等当选：据中国肥料专家年会秘书长郭丰荣介绍，我国土壤肥料业已经居于国际领先水平，化肥产能及使用量为世界前列。

新型肥料业搭建共同发展平台

中国磷肥工业协会首个分会——新型肥料分会成立大会日前在山东临沂召开。该分会的成立标志着新型肥料行业步入组织化、规范化、规模化发展的新阶段，有了“自律、自愿、自觉”、共同进步、共谋发展的新起点。

中国土壤肥料业60年庆祝活动启动

为贯彻党的十七届三中全会精神，认真梳理中同土壤肥料业的发展历程，宣扬中国土壤肥料业的辉煌历史，推动中国土壤肥料业的创新发展，中国肥料业专家年会组委会、中国肥料网以及有关部门联合举办的“中国土壤肥料业60周年庆祝活动”于日前正式启动，10月份将在北京召开庆祝大会，届时将揭晓各项推介活动结果。

新型肥料的开发进展及应用前景

当前发展低碳经济和有机、生态、高效农业,采用低碳技术生产和应用新型肥料,是肥料业界的一场革命和科技创新,也是我国发展现代农业的必然选择和国际农业高科技竞争的重要领域。新型肥料的研制开发为化肥这一传统产业平添了新的生机,也为企业开辟了更为广阔的市场空间。近年来国内相关企业在新型肥料的研制方面已取得了重大技术进展。本文简要介绍了近期国内最新研制的生物酶活化磷肥、硝基腐植酸生态肥、多肽尿素、双酶尿素、水溶性肥料等5种新型肥料的开发进展及应用前景。

Study on Release Properties of Slow Release Urea Coated by Industrial Lignin

This study aimed to investigate the release properties of slow release ure- a coated by industrial lignin and the influences of temperature, pH and post-ripening period on the release of nutrients in coated urea. According to the experimental results, the release of nutrients in coated fertilizers showed an S-shaped curve; on the 28th d, the nutrient release rate reached 73.77%; the differential solubility was 1.83%, and the theoretical release period was 50.25 d. The release of nutrients was significantly influenced by temperature. As the incubation temperature rose from 25 to 40 ℃, preliminary solubility increased from 8.03% to 16.24%; differential solubility increased from 1.83% to 1.88%; theoretical release period was reduced from 51.25 d to 45.55 d. The release of nutrients was promoted by H＋ and OH-. After they were placed at room temperature within 30 d, coated fertilizers exhibited the optimal release properties.

Current Status and Perspective Development of Broomcorn Millet Production in China

[Objective] This paper analyzed present status of broomcorn millet produc- tion in China, including cultivation methods, fertilization utilization, diseases, insect pests and disasters, machinery development, planting benefit and other aspects. [Method] The corn millet data reported by China Industrial and Technological Re- search System of Millet in 2011 were analyzed by descriptive statistical analysis of EXCEL. [Result] The results show that 17 678.57 kg/ha of farm manure, 155.77 kg/ha of urea, 259.5 kg/ha of compound fertilizer, 203.13 kg/ha of phosphate fertilizer and 75 kg/ha of potash fertilizer were used in China; the national mechanization degree of broomcorn millet production is lower than 30% in all; the average income of broomcorn millet production is 10 503.33 yuan/ha, and the VCR is 2.64; most broomcorn millet producing areas are affected by mild pests and diseases, very few are affected by mild and moderate pests and diseases, and the impact of natural disasters is the lightest. [~onclusien] Currently fertilizer utilization for broomcorn millet is proper but the mechanization level and planting benefit are low, natural disasters, pests and diseases are not severe; finally the authors proposed some suggestions on the fertilizer utilization, mechanization production, benefit increasing, disaster warning, disease and insect controlling and government policy-making for broomcorn millet production.

水溶肥营销破局之策

目前，很多肥料业内人士都达成了这样的共识，即水溶肥、脲甲醛肥已与高塔硝硫基肥并列成为国内最为畅销的三种肥料。在这三种肥料中，水溶肥和脲甲醛肥归属于今年最为热门的新型肥料领域，而硝硫基肥则随着其成熟度的加深而渐入传统肥料领域。

事件

国内汽车企业投资新型肥料业；全国第一批23家“全国农化服务中心”挂牌；中国农药热销澳大利亚；

Environmental Issues Related to Chemical Fertilizer Use in China

The current status of chemical fertilizers production and consumption in China as well as their important roles in Chinese modern agriculture are discussed with special concerns to the environmental issues related to chemical fertilizer use. On the one hand, the total amount of chemical fertilizer produced is insufficient to meet the agricultural needs. On the other hand, the production and consumption of chemical fertilizers in China are obviously not balanced. In some areas over application of nitrogen fertilizers and loss of phosphate fertilizer due to soil erosion have resulted in some undesirable environmental problems such as increase of nitrate in water and eutrophication of water bodies. Maximum scientific uses of organic manures in combination with reasonable use of chemical fertilizers are part of good practices not only in increasing soil productivity and keeping sustainable agriculture development but also in mimimizing their detrimental effects on the environment.

Synthesis and Physicochemical Characterization ot Pure Monoammonium Phosphate （MAP） from Industrial Fertilizer

Monoammonium phosphate （MAP） is produced from crude phosphoric acid which contains Fe （III）, AI （III） and Mg （II） ions. In general, the fertilizers MAP was obtained by including various heavy metal micronutrients （Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Ni and Zn）, fluorine and heavy metals considered toxic （Al and Cd） in. The long-continued application of phosphate fertilizers （MAP） and their by products can redistribute and elevate heavy metal and fluorine concentrations in soil profiles. However, they are subsequently transferred into the human food chain because of their availability to plants, mainly in acid soils. Thus, it is important to eliminate the impurities in MAP. Purified MAP is three times more expensive than the same product before purification and is commonly used in a number of applications such as flame proofing （building materials, pulp and paper） and agriculture. Purified MAP is a key ingredient in specialty all-soluble dry fertilizers, waste water-nutrient for biological purification, fermentation and biotechnology-nutrient. The procedure for purification of industrial MAP is a recrystallization, by using several mixtures of solvents. The physicochemical characterization of this fertilizer upstream and downstream from the purification, through spectroscopic analyses and chemical analyses, shows that recrystallization can eliminate impurities. The physicochemical properties of the purified MAP obtained by recrystallization are comparable to those of the MAP obtained with a pure phosphoric acid.

Influence of Composts on Agrochemical Properties of Soils of Zarafshan Valley, Salted with Magnesium Carbonates and Yield Capacity of Corn

Peculiar characteristics of soils of Zarafshan valley are salinity with carbonates. It is recommended to introduce large amount of manure or other organic fertilizers in these soils to improve soil reclamation. But currently there is no possibility to collect so many organic fertilizers in Uzbekistan. That is why other ways of production of organic fertilizers for improving soil fertility were searched. In the experiment, the influence of composts was studied, which prepared from tobacco wastes and manure on agrochemical properties of soils of Zarafshan valley, and production of composts from these industrial wastes, two salted with magnesium carbonates and yield-capacity of com. With the problems that exist in Uzbekistan can be solved at once. These include problems of environmental contamination through wastes and ensuring with organic fertilizers in the irrigated soils. Introduction of composts in the doze of 30 t.ha1 separately and on the background of mineral-NPK （nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium） fertilizers increased the humus content, total NPK and mobile nutritious substances in soil. It is proved that composts, prepared from tobacco wastes with their effect on the yield capacity and quality ofcoru production, can successfully substitute manure. Composts positively influence on the balance of nutritious substances in the system of soil-corn.

Fertcel Clinoptilolite Natural Product to Optimize the Fertilization and Reduce Environmental Pollution

The shortages of chemical fertilizers in Cuba in 90s caused the introduction of different research results obtained on this time for the implementation of natural zeolites in the fertilizer industry. It＇s known as the high capacity of cation exchange of the natural Cuban clinoptilolite, which contributes to reducing nutrient losses, such as ammonia, and keeping the potassium and phosphorus cations available. Extensive tests were done on the field with the objective to evaluate the agronomic effect of incorporating this mineral in fertilizer. The results obtained in this experiment contributed to almost all Cuban chemical fertilizers, which has been incorporated around 15%-20% of natural zeolite clinoptilolite in its composition by Cuban agriculture consumes, reducing the chemical carriers of the fertilizers and decreasing the contamination of the environment. Also this mineral contributes for increases in agricultural income more than 15% in all cases; additionally, a trend can be observed towards gradual recovery of some soil fertility indicators, in which the chemical fertilizers with Fertcel was applied.

Activating lignite and sludge by electro-hydraulic impulse

A device to activate lignite and sludge by electro-hydraulic impulse is presented. It comprises an impulse current generator constituted by a high voltage transformer, a high voltage silicon rectifier, a current-limiting resistor, a capacitor bank and an air-break switch, and a lignite and sludge appliance made up of two plane electrodes and a working chamber. The installation activates the lignite or sludge delivered to the working chamber by the impulse current that is from the generator to puncture the main gap in the working chamber, raise the temperature therein up to (20 000 to 40 000) K and the energy density to as high as 109 Jm-3, and form a plasma piston. The alternative development and attenuation of plasma expansion makes the lignite in a number of physical and chemical processes resulting in diverse active radicals and ions, and also breaks it into grains mostly smaller than 250 mm. It is founded by experimental study that the technology can raise the content of nitro-nitrogen by 1.4 to 1.5 times and that of dissoluble organic substances by 5 to 10 times which is probably attributed to the decomposition of the ample germs in the lignite. The calculated power requirement to activate lignite is about (50 to 60) kWht-1. In comparison with muck applied to cucumber cultivation, the activated lignite demonstrates its features as an effective and economical green fertilizer by the same yield with half amount. These findings imply a promising access to green fertilizer.