马尾藻有机肥发酵工艺优化及其对辣椒抗寒性的影响

【目的】研究马尾藻有机肥的发酵条件并评价其品质及其对辣椒抗寒性的功效,为海藻肥的制备工艺优化及农业应用提供一定理论依据。【方法】采用固态发酵工艺,以马尾藻、鸡粪、椰糠和桐子饼为发酵原料,以发酵温度为指标明确马尾藻有机肥制备过程中的碳氮比、初始含水量和发酵菌剂添加量,并进行有机质、全氮、全磷、全钾、pH、水分、重金属、粪大肠杆菌等检测。利用种子萌发试验检测其对植物的无毒性;采用盆栽试验,设置空白(CK)、市售有机肥、马尾藻有机肥处理,比较叶片的冷害指数、丙二醛、可溶性糖和脯氨酸质量分数,探究马尾藻有机肥对辣椒抗寒性的影响。【结果】马尾藻有机肥固态发酵的最适条件为碳氮比25∶1、初始含水量50%、发酵菌剂添加量2%,此条件下发酵堆体最高温度达69℃,55℃以上保持天数6~7 d,制备的马尾藻有机肥有机质含量72.46%、总养分5.42%、水分28.96%、pH 7.5、种子发芽率89%,重金属含量极低且粪大肠菌群等指标均符合国家标准。与空白和市售有机肥处理相比,马尾藻有机肥处理的辣椒幼苗冷害指数分别降低20.70%、13.49%;丙二醛质量分数分别降低23.41%、14.18%;可溶性糖质量分数分别提高27.96%、21.94%;脯氨酸质量分数提高15.49%、9.01%;表明马尾藻有机肥可有效增强辣椒的抗寒性。【结论】马尾藻有机肥最适工艺条件为发酵碳氮比25∶1、初始含水量50%、发酵菌剂添加量2%,且制备的有机肥品质达到相关国家标准,对植物无毒性,并能有效提高辣椒的抗寒性。

外加木质纤维素分解菌对高原环境下堆肥体系的促进作用

将从西藏地区分离纯化获得的6株木质纤维素分解菌作为复合菌剂接种入以牛粪和青稞秸秆为原料的堆肥体系中,在高原条件下考察外加木质纤维素分解菌对堆肥体系的促进作用。结果表明,与对照组相比接菌处理延长了堆肥的高温期,使高温期增加了4d,并提高了10.5℃的堆肥峰值温度。此外,接菌处理对堆肥体系的pH值、电导率、含水率、可溶性化学需氧量、挥发性固体有机物、氨氮含量、发芽指数以及纤维素酶活性都有不同程度的影响,且各类指标均满足堆肥腐熟的要求。接种木质纤维素分解菌提高了最终堆肥产品的腐殖化水平和腐熟度,有益于高原条件下堆肥的快速启动和腐熟。文章的研究结果可以为西藏地区农业废弃物的资源化利用提供数据参考。

Yield and quality responses of citrus (Citrus reticulate) and tea (Podocarpus fleuryi Hickel.) to compound fertilizers

Experiments were carried out with citrus (Citrus reticulate) and tea (Podocarpus fleuryi Hickel.) to study the effects of compound fertilizers on their yields and quality. In the citrus experiment, application of compound fertilizers increased available P, K and Mg contents in soil but decreased alkali-hydrolyzable N contents in soil and N, P and K contents in leaves. In the tea ex- periment, application of compound fertilizers increased available P, K and Mg contents in soil and N, P, K and Mg contents in leaves but decreased alkali-hydrolyzable N in soil compared with the urea treatment. Application of compound fertilizers could improve the quality of citrus and tea, increase their yields and enhance their economical profits significantly. Compared with the control, application of compound fertilizers increased citrus yields by 6.31, 12.94 and 17.69 t/ha, and those of tea by 0.51, 0.86 and 1.30 t/ha, respectively. Correspondingly, profits were increased by 21.4% to 61.1% for citrus and by 10.0% to 15.7% for tea. Optimal rates of compound fertilizers were recommended for both crops.

The Enhancement of Melon Fruit Quality by Application of the Fertilizer and Gibberellin

Generally, the diameter of organic melon fruit relatively short （the fruit is small）, weight of fruit just as big as 1.25-1.49 kg only, while weight of inorganic melon fruit can reach 2-3 kg. The research was conducted by experiment method with the aim to enhance quality of the organic melon fruit. Experiment I is： N, P and K fertilizer solution concentration as main plot （0, 20, 30, and 40 g L^-1） and dose of cow manure fertilizer as sub plot （0, 10, 15, and 20 ton hal） （there are 16 treatment combinations）. Experiment II is kinds of dung as main plot （chicken, cow, and goat） and dose of fertilizer as sub plot （20, 25, and 30 ton hat） （there are 9 treatment combinations）. Experiment III is dose of cow manure fertilizer as main plot （15, 20, 25, and 30 ton hal） and gibberellins concentration as sub plot （0, 30, 60, and 120 ppm） and （there are 16 treatment combinations）. Each of the treatment combination replicated 3 times. The result showed that chicken, cow, and goats manure can be used in organic cultivation of melons, and cow manure has the highest potential. The role of the dose is relatively low in plant growth, but to improve the quality of fruit need dose of 10-15 tons hat. The addition of inorganic NPK fertilizer solution or use of gibberellins can increase growth and fruit quality of melon （the used of gibberellins are recommended）.

Effect of rearing conditions on carcass and pork quality attributes of finishing pigs

The effects of sex, housing temperature, feed ingredients and slaughter weight on carcass and meat quality were investigated. A total of three-way crossbred （LWD） 100 pigs were used in a completely randomized design to study the influence of rearing condition, in the growing finishing period, the initial weight, finial weight, live weight, total feeding days, daily weight gain and total feed consumptions affected carcass traits and meat qualities. In conclusion, the rearing condition will give a significant effect on pork and carcass quality so that they can be controlled by changing the raising situation.