With the new pepper cultivar Guanlong as a test material, effects of differ-ent fertilizer application modes on growth and development, yield and photosynthetic characteristics of pepper were studied. The results show...With the new pepper cultivar Guanlong as a test material, effects of differ-ent fertilizer application modes on growth and development, yield and photosynthetic characteristics of pepper were studied. The results showed that the plant height and plant expansion of pepper in T4 were the largest, of 104.3 and 90.6 cm, respec-tively. T1 showed the largest weight of single fruit, fruit length and fruit diameter, re-spectively of 101.6 g, 25.49 cm and 4.86 cm. The content of total chlorophyl in the leaves of T1 was the highest, of 66.7 mg/g, and the root activity of T1 was also the highest, of 100.6 g/（g·FW·h）. The net photosynthetic rate of pepper leaves in T5 was the highest, of 6.6 μmol/（m^2·s）, while the net photosynthetic rates of T1 and T2 were the lowest, fluctuating in the range of 1.3-2.5 μmol/（m^2·s）. T3 showed the highest decrease amplitude of stomatal conductance in pepper leaves, of 2 658.1 mol/（m^2·s）, while the decrease amplitudes of stomatal conductance of pepper leaves in treatments T2 and T5 were the lowest, fluctuating in the range of 386.7-428.7 mol/（m^2·s）. T1 showed the highest decrease amplitude of transpiration rate of pepper leaves, of 4.7 mmol/（m^2·s）, while treatment T5 showed the lowest decrease ampli-tude of transpiration rate of pepper leaves, of 1.1 mmol/（m^2·s）. The intercel ular CO2 concentration was the highest in the leaves of T5, of 436.8 μmol/mol. T1 showed the highest plot output, yield per hectare and benefit, of 340.1 kg, 96 448.5 kg/hm^2 and 162 865.6 Yuan/hm^2, respectively, while T3 exhibited the lowest plot output, yield per hectare and benefit, of 260.8 kg, 74 338.5 kg/hm^2 and 124 888.5 Yuan/hm^2, respec-tively.展开更多
INTRODUCTION The insoluble phosphates which can not be directly absorbed by plants are the mai forms of inorganic phosphate in soil. These kinds of phosphates can be solubilized by several species of bacteria which ar...INTRODUCTION The insoluble phosphates which can not be directly absorbed by plants are the mai forms of inorganic phosphate in soil. These kinds of phosphates can be solubilized by several species of bacteria which are widely spread in soil especially in rhizosphere where70% of the bacteria are capable of solubilizing inorganic phosphate. Many researchers re-展开更多
In this study, the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of dis- solved organic carbon （DOC） in water-logged paddy soil in Yanbian were investigat- ed under conditions of different fertilization types （...In this study, the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of dis- solved organic carbon （DOC） in water-logged paddy soil in Yanbian were investigat- ed under conditions of different fertilization types （single application of chemical fer- tilizer, mixed application and chemical and organic fertilizers and single application of organic fertilizer） and cultivation years （80 years and 120 years）. The results showed that the spatial and temporal distribution of DOC in water-logged paddy soil changed significantly with time going by. The single application of chemical fertilizer or mixed application of chemical and organic fertilizers contributed to the release of DOC in top paddy soil under water-logging condition; the single application of organ- ic fertilizer promoted the accumulation of DOC in bottom paddy soil, resulting in great heterogeneity of DOC in the vertical space, but the single application of chem- ical fertilizer weakened the vertical spatial heterogeneity of soil DOC; the DOC con- tent in the 80-year-old water-logged paddy soil was higher and more stable than that in the 120-year-old soil.展开更多
Three phosphate fertilizers from fossil and secondary starting materials have been assessed for their accumulated environmental footprint. Fertiliser types have been selected for their similarity in terms of phosphate...Three phosphate fertilizers from fossil and secondary starting materials have been assessed for their accumulated environmental footprint. Fertiliser types have been selected for their similarity in terms of phosphate and secondary nutrient concentrations and small waste flows, although significant and unavoidable differences in terms of phosphate solubility remain. Input data were taken from literature and from process simulations in Aspen Plus and HSC Chemistry, being based on evaluations of plants in operation or under construction. It was tested and confirmed that HSC Chemistry data can be directly exported to GaBi as an LCA evaluation tool. The paper shows in two cases a positive energy balance and a rather low environmental footprint of all three assessed processes.展开更多
The objective of our study was to determine the effects of four types of fertilisers enrichments （manure potassic （K）, phosphatic （P）, phosphatic and potassic （PK） and nitrogenized, phosphated and potassic （NP...The objective of our study was to determine the effects of four types of fertilisers enrichments （manure potassic （K）, phosphatic （P）, phosphatic and potassic （PK） and nitrogenized, phosphated and potassic （NPK）） on chemical composition and dry matter in cassava （Manihot esculenta） organs （clone 1171） during harvest period. The pots experiment was laid out in randomised complete bloc design with five treatments and four replications. Water, nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus, sodium, total proteins and total lipids contents of the leaves, shoots and tubers were determined. After 9 months growing period, results showed that fertilizer types enriched with K, PK and NPK significantly increased the organic compounds contents of the leaves （P〈0.05）. Furthermore, fertilizers with high phosphorus content significantly increased the lipid contents of the leaves （25%）. Fertilizers enriched with NPK positively influenced the biomass partitioning in Manihot esculenta. Application of fertilizers enriched with NPK led to higher levels of total proteins in the leaves and tubers （70 mg g DM^-1 and 30 mg g DM^-1 respectively） compared to control （17 mg g DM^-1 and 9 mg g DM^-1 respectively）. These results help to demonstrate the value of these fertilizers enrichment to improve the chemical composition and dry matter partitioning of cassava.展开更多
Sweet basil （Ocimum basilicum L.） is a popular culinary herbal crop grown for the fresh or dry leaf, essential oil and seed markets. Recently, basil has been shown to rank highest among spices and herbal crops for x...Sweet basil （Ocimum basilicum L.） is a popular culinary herbal crop grown for the fresh or dry leaf, essential oil and seed markets. Recently, basil has been shown to rank highest among spices and herbal crops for xanthophyll carotenoids, which are associated with a decreased risk of cancer and age-related eye diseases. Nitrogen fertilizer encourages vegetative growth and increases oil yield in aromatic plants by enhancing leaf area development and photosynthetic rate. Our goal was to determine the influence of different concentrations of nitrogen （N） fertilization on basil physiology. The trial examined the cultivation of Ocimum basilicum L. （variety Genovese gigante）. The experiment was carried out under Mediterranean climatic conditions. The experiment considered the adoption of three nitrogen （N） treatments （0, 160, 240 kg N ha-1）. The following biometric parameters were determined： plant height, leaves per plant, leaf to stem ratio, number of branchings per plant, leaf area index （LAI）, above-ground fresh and leaf biomass. Considering the parameters most strictly linked to the economic results （total fresh weight, fresh weight of the leaves and total dry weight）, we found that 160 kg N ha^-1 treatment showed the best performance.展开更多
Soils used for rice （Oryza sativa L.） cultivation in some areas contain high concentrations of arsenic （As）due to irrigation with groundwater containing As and intensive use of agrochemicals or industrial residues...Soils used for rice （Oryza sativa L.） cultivation in some areas contain high concentrations of arsenic （As）due to irrigation with groundwater containing As and intensive use of agrochemicals or industrial residues containing As. To restrict rice uptake of As in these soils, approaches to reduce As input and bioavailability must be considered. One approach to reduce As input into rice soils or uptake by rice is cultivating rice under aerobic, intermittent flooding, or alternate wetting and drying （AWD） conditions, rather than in submerged soils, or use of irrigation water low in As. For reducing As bioavailability in soil, aerobic or AWD rice culture and application of biochar, sulfur （S）, and/or rice polish to soil are promising. Moreover, use of As-hyperaecumulating plant species （e.g., Pteris vittata L.） in rotation or combinations with favourable plant species （e.g., Azolla, Chlorella, or Nannochloropsis species） can also be promoted, in addition to using rice cultivars that are tolerant to As. Though applications of high doses of phosphorus （P）, iron （Fe）, and silicon （Si） fertilizers have shown promise in many instances, these methods have to be practiced carefully, because negative effects have also been reported, although such incidents are rare. Major factors affecting As speciation and bioavailability in soil are chemical properties such as redox status, pH, and Fe, P, Si, and S concentrations, physical properties such as texture and organic matter, and biological properties such as methylation activity by soil microorganisms. However, as many of these factors interact, long-term examination under field conditions is needed before measures are recommended for and implemented in farmers＇ fields.展开更多
基金Supported by National Staple Vegetables(CARS-25-G-50)~~
文摘With the new pepper cultivar Guanlong as a test material, effects of differ-ent fertilizer application modes on growth and development, yield and photosynthetic characteristics of pepper were studied. The results showed that the plant height and plant expansion of pepper in T4 were the largest, of 104.3 and 90.6 cm, respec-tively. T1 showed the largest weight of single fruit, fruit length and fruit diameter, re-spectively of 101.6 g, 25.49 cm and 4.86 cm. The content of total chlorophyl in the leaves of T1 was the highest, of 66.7 mg/g, and the root activity of T1 was also the highest, of 100.6 g/（g·FW·h）. The net photosynthetic rate of pepper leaves in T5 was the highest, of 6.6 μmol/（m^2·s）, while the net photosynthetic rates of T1 and T2 were the lowest, fluctuating in the range of 1.3-2.5 μmol/（m^2·s）. T3 showed the highest decrease amplitude of stomatal conductance in pepper leaves, of 2 658.1 mol/（m^2·s）, while the decrease amplitudes of stomatal conductance of pepper leaves in treatments T2 and T5 were the lowest, fluctuating in the range of 386.7-428.7 mol/（m^2·s）. T1 showed the highest decrease amplitude of transpiration rate of pepper leaves, of 4.7 mmol/（m^2·s）, while treatment T5 showed the lowest decrease ampli-tude of transpiration rate of pepper leaves, of 1.1 mmol/（m^2·s）. The intercel ular CO2 concentration was the highest in the leaves of T5, of 436.8 μmol/mol. T1 showed the highest plot output, yield per hectare and benefit, of 340.1 kg, 96 448.5 kg/hm^2 and 162 865.6 Yuan/hm^2, respectively, while T3 exhibited the lowest plot output, yield per hectare and benefit, of 260.8 kg, 74 338.5 kg/hm^2 and 124 888.5 Yuan/hm^2, respec-tively.
基金Projcct supponcd by the National Natural science Foundation of China.
文摘INTRODUCTION The insoluble phosphates which can not be directly absorbed by plants are the mai forms of inorganic phosphate in soil. These kinds of phosphates can be solubilized by several species of bacteria which are widely spread in soil especially in rhizosphere where70% of the bacteria are capable of solubilizing inorganic phosphate. Many researchers re-
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(31160103)Scientific and Technological Development Project of Yanbian University(YDKH[2011]32)Key Program of Department of Science and Technology of Jilin Province(20140204045SF)~~
文摘In this study, the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of dis- solved organic carbon （DOC） in water-logged paddy soil in Yanbian were investigat- ed under conditions of different fertilization types （single application of chemical fer- tilizer, mixed application and chemical and organic fertilizers and single application of organic fertilizer） and cultivation years （80 years and 120 years）. The results showed that the spatial and temporal distribution of DOC in water-logged paddy soil changed significantly with time going by. The single application of chemical fertilizer or mixed application of chemical and organic fertilizers contributed to the release of DOC in top paddy soil under water-logging condition; the single application of organ- ic fertilizer promoted the accumulation of DOC in bottom paddy soil, resulting in great heterogeneity of DOC in the vertical space, but the single application of chem- ical fertilizer weakened the vertical spatial heterogeneity of soil DOC; the DOC con- tent in the 80-year-old water-logged paddy soil was higher and more stable than that in the 120-year-old soil.
文摘Three phosphate fertilizers from fossil and secondary starting materials have been assessed for their accumulated environmental footprint. Fertiliser types have been selected for their similarity in terms of phosphate and secondary nutrient concentrations and small waste flows, although significant and unavoidable differences in terms of phosphate solubility remain. Input data were taken from literature and from process simulations in Aspen Plus and HSC Chemistry, being based on evaluations of plants in operation or under construction. It was tested and confirmed that HSC Chemistry data can be directly exported to GaBi as an LCA evaluation tool. The paper shows in two cases a positive energy balance and a rather low environmental footprint of all three assessed processes.
文摘The objective of our study was to determine the effects of four types of fertilisers enrichments （manure potassic （K）, phosphatic （P）, phosphatic and potassic （PK） and nitrogenized, phosphated and potassic （NPK）） on chemical composition and dry matter in cassava （Manihot esculenta） organs （clone 1171） during harvest period. The pots experiment was laid out in randomised complete bloc design with five treatments and four replications. Water, nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus, sodium, total proteins and total lipids contents of the leaves, shoots and tubers were determined. After 9 months growing period, results showed that fertilizer types enriched with K, PK and NPK significantly increased the organic compounds contents of the leaves （P〈0.05）. Furthermore, fertilizers with high phosphorus content significantly increased the lipid contents of the leaves （25%）. Fertilizers enriched with NPK positively influenced the biomass partitioning in Manihot esculenta. Application of fertilizers enriched with NPK led to higher levels of total proteins in the leaves and tubers （70 mg g DM^-1 and 30 mg g DM^-1 respectively） compared to control （17 mg g DM^-1 and 9 mg g DM^-1 respectively）. These results help to demonstrate the value of these fertilizers enrichment to improve the chemical composition and dry matter partitioning of cassava.
文摘Sweet basil （Ocimum basilicum L.） is a popular culinary herbal crop grown for the fresh or dry leaf, essential oil and seed markets. Recently, basil has been shown to rank highest among spices and herbal crops for xanthophyll carotenoids, which are associated with a decreased risk of cancer and age-related eye diseases. Nitrogen fertilizer encourages vegetative growth and increases oil yield in aromatic plants by enhancing leaf area development and photosynthetic rate. Our goal was to determine the influence of different concentrations of nitrogen （N） fertilization on basil physiology. The trial examined the cultivation of Ocimum basilicum L. （variety Genovese gigante）. The experiment was carried out under Mediterranean climatic conditions. The experiment considered the adoption of three nitrogen （N） treatments （0, 160, 240 kg N ha-1）. The following biometric parameters were determined： plant height, leaves per plant, leaf to stem ratio, number of branchings per plant, leaf area index （LAI）, above-ground fresh and leaf biomass. Considering the parameters most strictly linked to the economic results （total fresh weight, fresh weight of the leaves and total dry weight）, we found that 160 kg N ha^-1 treatment showed the best performance.
基金The Alexander von Humboldt Foundation for funding the first author under the Georg Forster Fellowship (No. ID-1164603)
文摘Soils used for rice （Oryza sativa L.） cultivation in some areas contain high concentrations of arsenic （As）due to irrigation with groundwater containing As and intensive use of agrochemicals or industrial residues containing As. To restrict rice uptake of As in these soils, approaches to reduce As input and bioavailability must be considered. One approach to reduce As input into rice soils or uptake by rice is cultivating rice under aerobic, intermittent flooding, or alternate wetting and drying （AWD） conditions, rather than in submerged soils, or use of irrigation water low in As. For reducing As bioavailability in soil, aerobic or AWD rice culture and application of biochar, sulfur （S）, and/or rice polish to soil are promising. Moreover, use of As-hyperaecumulating plant species （e.g., Pteris vittata L.） in rotation or combinations with favourable plant species （e.g., Azolla, Chlorella, or Nannochloropsis species） can also be promoted, in addition to using rice cultivars that are tolerant to As. Though applications of high doses of phosphorus （P）, iron （Fe）, and silicon （Si） fertilizers have shown promise in many instances, these methods have to be practiced carefully, because negative effects have also been reported, although such incidents are rare. Major factors affecting As speciation and bioavailability in soil are chemical properties such as redox status, pH, and Fe, P, Si, and S concentrations, physical properties such as texture and organic matter, and biological properties such as methylation activity by soil microorganisms. However, as many of these factors interact, long-term examination under field conditions is needed before measures are recommended for and implemented in farmers＇ fields.
