果园精准施肥技术装备研究进展

精准施肥技术装备是实现精准施肥、提高肥料利用率的重要载体。列举国内外学者在果园精准施肥技术装备开展的研究,从排肥量精准控制和施肥位置精准控制两个方面,总结归纳现有技术实现精准施肥的方案。指出现有技术装备无法根据单棵果树的养分需求现场配制个性化肥料、定点施肥技术装备应用较少、基于果树生长规律的施肥决策模型缺乏等问题。提出要加强政策支持、深入研究高质量定点施肥技术和智能决策模型等对策建议。

五行液态肥施肥机的试验研究

针对当前施肥机械存在的施肥均匀性不高、施量不可控等问题,研制了一种五行液态肥施肥机,并通过试验验证了该施肥机在提高施肥效果和减少资源浪费方面的潜力。试验结果显示,该施肥机具有较好的施肥均匀性和适应性。

逆向转运排肥式烟草施肥起垄机的设计与应用

为促进施肥与起垄机械化水平,解决传统施肥装置施肥效果不佳等问题,设计了一种逆向转运排肥式烟草施肥起垄机,提出了一种具有逆向转运、排肥量控制、无障碍排肥功能的施肥装置。介绍了逆向转运排肥式烟草施肥起垄机的整机结构及逆向转运排肥、排肥驱动、联动搅拌等机构设计原理,确定了主要结构参数。田间试验结果表明,施肥量、垄高、垄基宽、墒面宽的最小准确率分别为96.83%、97.86%、99.63%、96.33%,变异系数分别为2.47%、1.31%、0.19%、0.93%,各项作业指标达到了较高的精确度和稳定性,满足农艺要求。设计的逆向转运排肥式烟草施肥起垄机,有效解决了在排肥路径中易堵塞、排肥不顺畅、非排肥状态下漏洒的问题,实现了施肥起垄机械化和一体化,进而提升作业质量和工作效率,具有较好的生产应用前景。

Test and Research of Total Quantity of N and P Fertilizers for Maize

Objective] The alm was to provide scientific references for determination of optimal N and P quantities of malze. [Method] The research conducted a test in field to expIore the effects of N and P fertiIizers on malze yield. [Result] Both of N and P fertiIizers have significant effects on malze yield. When malze yield reached the highest, the quantities of N fertiIizers and P fertiIizers were 530.56 and 105.44 kg/hm2, respectiveIy. [Conclusion] Malze yield keeps growing upon N or P fertiIizers to certaln extent, and excessive quantities of N and P fertiIizer wouId reduce malze yield.

Total Amount Control Test of Nitrogen Fertilizer and Phosphate Fertilizer on Winter Wheat

[Objective] This study was conducted to optimize the suitable application amounts of nitrogen fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer for winter wheat.[Method] A field experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of the application amounts of nitrogen fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer on the yield of winter wheat.[Result]The quadratic simulation function between the application of nitrogen fertilizer and wheat yield was y =-0.6611x^2＋20.091 x ＋234.85,with a correlation coefficient of0.970 8,and the yield of winter wheat was the highest at the application amount of nitrogen fertilizer of 228.0 kg/hm^2.The quadratic simulation function between the application of phosphate fertilizer and wheat yield was y =-0.572 6x^2＋13.168 x ＋340.4,with a correlation coefficient of 0.921 95,and the yield of winter wheat was the highest at the application amount of phosphate fertilizer of 172.5 kg/hm^2.[Conclusion] This study provides a scientific basis for the rational application of nitrogen fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer on winter wheat.