[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the effects of liquid seaweed bio-organic fertilizer on seed germination and seedling growth of different vegetables. [Method] Serial dilution concentrations of liquid seawe...[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the effects of liquid seaweed bio-organic fertilizer on seed germination and seedling growth of different vegetables. [Method] Serial dilution concentrations of liquid seaweed bio-organic fertilizer were prepared for seed soaking and pot incubation of cucumber, tomato and chili, to ob- serve the effects of liquid seaweed bio-organic fertilizer on seed germination and seedling growth of vegetables. [Result] Compared with the control, germination rate of cucumber and tomato seeds applied with 600-fold liquid seaweed bio-organic fer- tilizer varied significantly; germination rate of chili seeds applied with 400-fold liquid seaweed bio-organic fertilizer varied significantly; germination energy and germination index of chili seeds applied with different dilution concentrations of liquid seaweed bio-organic fertilizer presented no significant differences. In addition, 200-fold and 400-fold liquid seaweed bio-organic fertilizer significantly improved the root length, plant height, plant fresh weight, plant dry weight, chlorophyll content and leaf area of cucumber, tomato and chili seedlings; after treated with 600-fold liquid seaweed bio-organic fertilizer, root length, chlorophyll content and leaf area of cucumber seedlings varied significantly compared with the control, but no significant differences were observed in plant height, plant fresh weight and plant dry weight; after treated with 600-fold liquid seaweed bio-organic fertilizer, root length, chlorophyll content, plant height, plant fresh weight and plant dry weight of chili and tomato varied sig- nificantly compared with the control, but no significant differences were observed in leaf area. [Conclusion] Soaking vegetable seeds with liquid seaweed bio-organic fer- tilizer can significantly improve seed generation rate and seedling growth.展开更多
[Objective] The aim of this study was to study the influence of plants on the soil moisture content under different fertilization.[Method] Using sainfoin,sweet clover,Astragalus adsurgens,alfalfa,ryegrass,little flowe...[Objective] The aim of this study was to study the influence of plants on the soil moisture content under different fertilization.[Method] Using sainfoin,sweet clover,Astragalus adsurgens,alfalfa,ryegrass,little flower,white clover as experimental material,this study explored the effects of soil moisture on the improvement of soil quality.[Result] Results showed that the soil moisture content of different plants follows as：sainfoin 〉sweet clover 〉Astragalus adsurgens 〉alfalfa perennial ryegrass 〉small crown 〉white clover,and the average moisture content reached 24.13% which was 2.45% higher than that of control group.At planting white clover,sweet clover,under the condition of 7 kinds of crops,in the treatments without fertilizer and with organic fertilizer,soil moisture content of soil in 0-20 cm grew significantly.[Conclusion] The application of organic fertilizer and growing of plants would improve soil moisture in abandoned fields,enhance the ability of soil water supply,and improve soil fertility.展开更多
[Objective] This study was conducted to investigate the correlation be- tween yield of Coptis chinensis Franch. and soil nutrients under different forests. [Method] The soil nutrients and yields of C. chinensis in fal...[Objective] This study was conducted to investigate the correlation be- tween yield of Coptis chinensis Franch. and soil nutrients under different forests. [Method] The soil nutrients and yields of C. chinensis in fallow field, Cryptomeria japonica forest, Magnolia officinalis forest and Phellodendron chinense forest planted with C. chinensis were investigated. [Result] The contents of soil nitrogen （total ni- trogen, alkali-hydrolyzale nitrogen）, organic matter, potassium and phosphorous under the planting mode of C. chinensis under C. japonica forest were the highest; and the contents of organic matter and total nitrogen in the soils of M. officinalis and P. chinense forests were close to each other at the medium abundant level, and the phosphorous contents were more abundant than those in fallow field. [Conclusion] This study could provide a theoretical basis for scientific fertilization.展开更多
Long-term fertility experiments have become an important tool for investigating the sustainability of cropping systems. Therefore, a long-term (18-year) fertilization experiment was conducted in Changwu County, Shaanx...Long-term fertility experiments have become an important tool for investigating the sustainability of cropping systems. Therefore, a long-term (18-year) fertilization experiment was conducted in Changwu County, Shaanxi Province, China, to ascertain the effect of the long-term application of chemical fertilizers and manure on wheat yield and soil fertility in the Loess Plateau, so as to provide a scientific basis for sustainable land management. The experiment consisted of nine fertilizer treatments with thr…展开更多
A study was conducted to test the influence of different inorganic fertilizers （phosphorous and potassium） on the nodulation and growth of Dalbergia sissoo grown in the nursery. Before seeds sowing, different combin...A study was conducted to test the influence of different inorganic fertilizers （phosphorous and potassium） on the nodulation and growth of Dalbergia sissoo grown in the nursery. Before seeds sowing, different combinations of P, K fertilizers were incorporated with the nutrient-deficient natural forest soils, and then amended with cowdung （soil： cowdung = 3：1）. Nodulation status （nodule number, shape, fresh weight, dry weight and color） in the roots and the plant growth parameters （length of shoot and root, collar diameter, fresh and dry weight of shoot and root） were recorded 60 days after seeds sowing. Nodulation status and growth of the plants varied significantly （P〈0.05） in the soils amended with fertilizers in comparison to the control. The highest nodule number （62）, fresh （0.50 g） and dry （0.07 g） weights were recorded with the dose of PK at the rate of 160 kg/hm2. Nodule shape and color also varied widely in different treatments. In case of plant growth parameters, shoot and root length, collar diameter, fresh and dry weight of the plants took on a significant difference （P〈0.05） among various combination of fertilizers. From the study, it is revealed that PK at the rate of 160 kg/hm^2 fertilizer with soil and cowdung mixture （soil： eowdung = 3：1） is recommended for optimum growth and nodule formation of D. sissoo in degraded soils at a nursery level.展开更多
Some thermodynamic properties of NHk fixation by loess soil in plowing and clay layers are discussed.The. results indicate that the four ion adsorption equations commonly used can describe the properties of NHk fixati...Some thermodynamic properties of NHk fixation by loess soil in plowing and clay layers are discussed.The. results indicate that the four ion adsorption equations commonly used can describe the properties of NHk fixation in these soils under constant temperature. Among the four adsorption equations, the singlesurface Langmuir equation is the best. When the concentration of NH4Cl solution is 10-1 mol below, the Freundlich equation can be used.The changes of apparent standard free energy (△Go), enthalpy (△Ho) and entropy (△So) illustrate that NHk fixation in soil is an endothermic adsorption and spontaneous reaction, and the process can be enhanced by a higher temperature and clay content in soil.The "proper value of NHk fixation by soil (K1×qm) increased with increasing clay content and temperature. The heat of NHk fixation in soil (Qm) confirms the conclusions made in this paper.展开更多
To provide a scientific basis for sustainable land management, a 20-year fertility experiment was conducted in Changwu County, Shaanxi Province, China to investigate the effects of long-term application of chemical fe...To provide a scientific basis for sustainable land management, a 20-year fertility experiment was conducted in Changwu County, Shaanxi Province, China to investigate the effects of long-term application of chemical fertilizers on wheat grain yield and yield stability on the Loess Plateau using regression and stability analysis. The experiment consisted of 17 fertilizer treatments, containing the combinations of different N and P levels, with three replications arranged in a randomized complete block design. Nitrogen fertilizer was applied as urea, and P was applied as calcium superphosphate. Fertilizer rates had a large effect on the response of wheat yield to fertilization. Phosphorus, combined with N, increased yield significantly （P 〈 0.01）. In the unfertilized control and the N or P sole application treatments, wheat yield had a declining trend although it was not statistically significant. Stability analysis combined with the trend analysis indicated that integrated use of fertilizer N and P was better than their sole application in increasing and sustaining the productivity of rainfed winter wheat.展开更多
The fate of urea-and ammonium bicarbonate (ABC)-nitrogen (N) applied by prevailing traditional techniques to winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) or maize (Zea mays L.) grown in the fields of Fluvo-aquic soil was inves...The fate of urea-and ammonium bicarbonate (ABC)-nitrogen (N) applied by prevailing traditional techniques to winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) or maize (Zea mays L.) grown in the fields of Fluvo-aquic soil was investigated using 15N tracer-micro-plot technique. Results show that:(1) at maturity of wheat, N recovery in plants and N losses of urea and ABC applied at seeding in autumn were 31-39%, and 34-46%, respectively, while the corresponding figures for side-banding at 10 cm depth in early spring were 51-57%, and 5-12%; surface-broadcast of urea followed by irrigation at early spring was as efficient as the side-banding in improving N recovery in plants and reducing N loss, however, such technique was found less satisfactory with ABC. (2) At the maturity of maize, N recovery in the plants and N loss of urea and ABC sidebanded at seedling stage or prior to tasseling ranged from 23% to 57%, and 9% to 26%, respectively. (3) Either in Wheat or in maize experiment, the majority of residual fertilizer N in soil profile (0-60 cm) was in the form of biologically immobilized organic N, however, the contribution of ammonium fixation by clay minerals increased markedly with depth in soil profile. (4) Though the proportion of residual fertilizer N was generally highest in the top 20 cm soil layer, considerable reaidual N (mostly 6-11 % of the N applied) was found in 60-100 cm soil layers.展开更多
文摘[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the effects of liquid seaweed bio-organic fertilizer on seed germination and seedling growth of different vegetables. [Method] Serial dilution concentrations of liquid seaweed bio-organic fertilizer were prepared for seed soaking and pot incubation of cucumber, tomato and chili, to ob- serve the effects of liquid seaweed bio-organic fertilizer on seed germination and seedling growth of vegetables. [Result] Compared with the control, germination rate of cucumber and tomato seeds applied with 600-fold liquid seaweed bio-organic fer- tilizer varied significantly; germination rate of chili seeds applied with 400-fold liquid seaweed bio-organic fertilizer varied significantly; germination energy and germination index of chili seeds applied with different dilution concentrations of liquid seaweed bio-organic fertilizer presented no significant differences. In addition, 200-fold and 400-fold liquid seaweed bio-organic fertilizer significantly improved the root length, plant height, plant fresh weight, plant dry weight, chlorophyll content and leaf area of cucumber, tomato and chili seedlings; after treated with 600-fold liquid seaweed bio-organic fertilizer, root length, chlorophyll content and leaf area of cucumber seedlings varied significantly compared with the control, but no significant differences were observed in plant height, plant fresh weight and plant dry weight; after treated with 600-fold liquid seaweed bio-organic fertilizer, root length, chlorophyll content, plant height, plant fresh weight and plant dry weight of chili and tomato varied sig- nificantly compared with the control, but no significant differences were observed in leaf area. [Conclusion] Soaking vegetable seeds with liquid seaweed bio-organic fer- tilizer can significantly improve seed generation rate and seedling growth.
基金Supported by the"Twelfth Five-Year Plan"of the National Science and Technology(2011BAD31B01)~~
文摘[Objective] The aim of this study was to study the influence of plants on the soil moisture content under different fertilization.[Method] Using sainfoin,sweet clover,Astragalus adsurgens,alfalfa,ryegrass,little flower,white clover as experimental material,this study explored the effects of soil moisture on the improvement of soil quality.[Result] Results showed that the soil moisture content of different plants follows as：sainfoin 〉sweet clover 〉Astragalus adsurgens 〉alfalfa perennial ryegrass 〉small crown 〉white clover,and the average moisture content reached 24.13% which was 2.45% higher than that of control group.At planting white clover,sweet clover,under the condition of 7 kinds of crops,in the treatments without fertilizer and with organic fertilizer,soil moisture content of soil in 0-20 cm grew significantly.[Conclusion] The application of organic fertilizer and growing of plants would improve soil moisture in abandoned fields,enhance the ability of soil water supply,and improve soil fertility.
基金Supported by Central Financial Forestry Scientific and Technical Extension Demonstration Project in 2014([2014]HBTG07)
文摘[Objective] This study was conducted to investigate the correlation be- tween yield of Coptis chinensis Franch. and soil nutrients under different forests. [Method] The soil nutrients and yields of C. chinensis in fallow field, Cryptomeria japonica forest, Magnolia officinalis forest and Phellodendron chinense forest planted with C. chinensis were investigated. [Result] The contents of soil nitrogen （total ni- trogen, alkali-hydrolyzale nitrogen）, organic matter, potassium and phosphorous under the planting mode of C. chinensis under C. japonica forest were the highest; and the contents of organic matter and total nitrogen in the soils of M. officinalis and P. chinense forests were close to each other at the medium abundant level, and the phosphorous contents were more abundant than those in fallow field. [Conclusion] This study could provide a theoretical basis for scientific fertilization.
基金Project supported by the Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. KZCX2-413-3) the Field Station Foundation of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 50479065 and 90102012)
文摘Long-term fertility experiments have become an important tool for investigating the sustainability of cropping systems. Therefore, a long-term (18-year) fertilization experiment was conducted in Changwu County, Shaanxi Province, China, to ascertain the effect of the long-term application of chemical fertilizers and manure on wheat yield and soil fertility in the Loess Plateau, so as to provide a scientific basis for sustainable land management. The experiment consisted of nine fertilizer treatments with thr…
文摘A study was conducted to test the influence of different inorganic fertilizers （phosphorous and potassium） on the nodulation and growth of Dalbergia sissoo grown in the nursery. Before seeds sowing, different combinations of P, K fertilizers were incorporated with the nutrient-deficient natural forest soils, and then amended with cowdung （soil： cowdung = 3：1）. Nodulation status （nodule number, shape, fresh weight, dry weight and color） in the roots and the plant growth parameters （length of shoot and root, collar diameter, fresh and dry weight of shoot and root） were recorded 60 days after seeds sowing. Nodulation status and growth of the plants varied significantly （P〈0.05） in the soils amended with fertilizers in comparison to the control. The highest nodule number （62）, fresh （0.50 g） and dry （0.07 g） weights were recorded with the dose of PK at the rate of 160 kg/hm2. Nodule shape and color also varied widely in different treatments. In case of plant growth parameters, shoot and root length, collar diameter, fresh and dry weight of the plants took on a significant difference （P〈0.05） among various combination of fertilizers. From the study, it is revealed that PK at the rate of 160 kg/hm^2 fertilizer with soil and cowdung mixture （soil： eowdung = 3：1） is recommended for optimum growth and nodule formation of D. sissoo in degraded soils at a nursery level.
文摘Some thermodynamic properties of NHk fixation by loess soil in plowing and clay layers are discussed.The. results indicate that the four ion adsorption equations commonly used can describe the properties of NHk fixation in these soils under constant temperature. Among the four adsorption equations, the singlesurface Langmuir equation is the best. When the concentration of NH4Cl solution is 10-1 mol below, the Freundlich equation can be used.The changes of apparent standard free energy (△Go), enthalpy (△Ho) and entropy (△So) illustrate that NHk fixation in soil is an endothermic adsorption and spontaneous reaction, and the process can be enhanced by a higher temperature and clay content in soil.The "proper value of NHk fixation by soil (K1×qm) increased with increasing clay content and temperature. The heat of NHk fixation in soil (Qm) confirms the conclusions made in this paper.
基金Project supported by the Agricultural Development Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. KSCX1-YWN1504)the West Light Foundation of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. 2005404)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 50479065 and 40601041).
文摘To provide a scientific basis for sustainable land management, a 20-year fertility experiment was conducted in Changwu County, Shaanxi Province, China to investigate the effects of long-term application of chemical fertilizers on wheat grain yield and yield stability on the Loess Plateau using regression and stability analysis. The experiment consisted of 17 fertilizer treatments, containing the combinations of different N and P levels, with three replications arranged in a randomized complete block design. Nitrogen fertilizer was applied as urea, and P was applied as calcium superphosphate. Fertilizer rates had a large effect on the response of wheat yield to fertilization. Phosphorus, combined with N, increased yield significantly （P 〈 0.01）. In the unfertilized control and the N or P sole application treatments, wheat yield had a declining trend although it was not statistically significant. Stability analysis combined with the trend analysis indicated that integrated use of fertilizer N and P was better than their sole application in increasing and sustaining the productivity of rainfed winter wheat.
文摘The fate of urea-and ammonium bicarbonate (ABC)-nitrogen (N) applied by prevailing traditional techniques to winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) or maize (Zea mays L.) grown in the fields of Fluvo-aquic soil was investigated using 15N tracer-micro-plot technique. Results show that:(1) at maturity of wheat, N recovery in plants and N losses of urea and ABC applied at seeding in autumn were 31-39%, and 34-46%, respectively, while the corresponding figures for side-banding at 10 cm depth in early spring were 51-57%, and 5-12%; surface-broadcast of urea followed by irrigation at early spring was as efficient as the side-banding in improving N recovery in plants and reducing N loss, however, such technique was found less satisfactory with ABC. (2) At the maturity of maize, N recovery in the plants and N loss of urea and ABC sidebanded at seedling stage or prior to tasseling ranged from 23% to 57%, and 9% to 26%, respectively. (3) Either in Wheat or in maize experiment, the majority of residual fertilizer N in soil profile (0-60 cm) was in the form of biologically immobilized organic N, however, the contribution of ammonium fixation by clay minerals increased markedly with depth in soil profile. (4) Though the proportion of residual fertilizer N was generally highest in the top 20 cm soil layer, considerable reaidual N (mostly 6-11 % of the N applied) was found in 60-100 cm soil layers.
