[ Objective ] The aim of the study was to explore the resistance development of deltamethrin through selection of dettamethrin resistant strain of wild silkworm （ Bombyx Mandarina）, thus providing the basis for scie...[ Objective ] The aim of the study was to explore the resistance development of deltamethrin through selection of dettamethrin resistant strain of wild silkworm （ Bombyx Mandarina）, thus providing the basis for scientific pesticide application and resistance management. [ Method] The wild silkworms collected from three different regions were reared indoors, and the sensitivity of their parents to deltamethrin was detected by topical application. The larvae in each generation were treated with deltamethdn in median lethal dose or so by.topical application. The mortality of larva was analyzed for the establishment of toxicity regression equations and the calculation of the multiple or increased multiple of deltamethdn resistance.[Result] After the Qidong Bornbyx Mandarina （YQD） fed with mulberry leaves were selected for three generations indoors, the multiple of deltamethdn resistance of F, was 14.26, 1.2 times as great as that of Fo ; after the Bombyx Mandarina from mulberry garden of Soochow University （YSD） fed with mulberry leaves were selected for three generations indoors, the multiple of deltamethrin resistance of F4 was 16.48, 1.9 times as great as that of Fo ; after the Wujiang Bombyx Mandarina （YWJ） fed with artificial diets were selected for three generations indoors during six generations, the multiple of deltamethrin resistance of Fe was 18.67, 1.2 times as great as that of Fo. [ Conclusioa] With the selection in same dose, the resistance multiple of YSD increases more rapidly than that of YQD; under double selection of artificial diets and insecticide, the resistance multiple of YWJ increases more slowly than that of YQD.展开更多
Sporting activities have been part of the culture, customs and natural living of man; they have direct relationship with plans, purposes and goals of human beings. Sports have existed with education since primitive ti...Sporting activities have been part of the culture, customs and natural living of man; they have direct relationship with plans, purposes and goals of human beings. Sports have existed with education since primitive times, when man developed skills like hunting, handling of weapons, tests of strength, endurance and courage. This paper examines the relevance of sporting activities to the development of education in Nigeria, since colonial era- 1904 till date. Sports like football, soccer, badminton, handball, volleyball, tennis, swimming and athletics have corroborated teaching and learning activities at all levels of education be it informal, formal and non formal education in Nigeria. Historical research methodology in education was used to carry out and analyze data for this paper using archival materials and oral interviews as primary sources while textbooks, journals and internet materials were used as secondary sources. The main focuses of the paper are＂ to examine the concepts of sports an6 education, the place of sports in the educational policy and curriculum in Nigeria, advantages of sports to education and nation building, challenges of sports in education and offer suggestions for the improvement of sports and education in Nigeria. The findings of the study revealed that; sports was formally introduced into educational curriculum in Nigeria as physical education in 1904 by the British administration, sports promotes physical health and fitness, recreational activities, relaxation prestige, economic status, identifies talents, abilities, impart skills, encourage socio-cultural relationship which enhances unity among the populace. The forum to benefit from sports usually come at grassroots, school inter-house sports, and inter-schools competitions and association forum. Challenges of sports include inadequate funding, mismanagement of funds, lack of integrity, inadequate personnel, dwindling infrastructural and sporting facilities, inadequate training and medical facilities. It is recommended that, if all the above challenges are properly addressed, sporting activities will project Nigerian education more for overall development both nationally and internationally.展开更多
文摘[ Objective ] The aim of the study was to explore the resistance development of deltamethrin through selection of dettamethrin resistant strain of wild silkworm （ Bombyx Mandarina）, thus providing the basis for scientific pesticide application and resistance management. [ Method] The wild silkworms collected from three different regions were reared indoors, and the sensitivity of their parents to deltamethrin was detected by topical application. The larvae in each generation were treated with deltamethdn in median lethal dose or so by.topical application. The mortality of larva was analyzed for the establishment of toxicity regression equations and the calculation of the multiple or increased multiple of deltamethdn resistance.[Result] After the Qidong Bornbyx Mandarina （YQD） fed with mulberry leaves were selected for three generations indoors, the multiple of deltamethdn resistance of F, was 14.26, 1.2 times as great as that of Fo ; after the Bombyx Mandarina from mulberry garden of Soochow University （YSD） fed with mulberry leaves were selected for three generations indoors, the multiple of deltamethrin resistance of F4 was 16.48, 1.9 times as great as that of Fo ; after the Wujiang Bombyx Mandarina （YWJ） fed with artificial diets were selected for three generations indoors during six generations, the multiple of deltamethrin resistance of Fe was 18.67, 1.2 times as great as that of Fo. [ Conclusioa] With the selection in same dose, the resistance multiple of YSD increases more rapidly than that of YQD; under double selection of artificial diets and insecticide, the resistance multiple of YWJ increases more slowly than that of YQD.
文摘Sporting activities have been part of the culture, customs and natural living of man; they have direct relationship with plans, purposes and goals of human beings. Sports have existed with education since primitive times, when man developed skills like hunting, handling of weapons, tests of strength, endurance and courage. This paper examines the relevance of sporting activities to the development of education in Nigeria, since colonial era- 1904 till date. Sports like football, soccer, badminton, handball, volleyball, tennis, swimming and athletics have corroborated teaching and learning activities at all levels of education be it informal, formal and non formal education in Nigeria. Historical research methodology in education was used to carry out and analyze data for this paper using archival materials and oral interviews as primary sources while textbooks, journals and internet materials were used as secondary sources. The main focuses of the paper are＂ to examine the concepts of sports an6 education, the place of sports in the educational policy and curriculum in Nigeria, advantages of sports to education and nation building, challenges of sports in education and offer suggestions for the improvement of sports and education in Nigeria. The findings of the study revealed that; sports was formally introduced into educational curriculum in Nigeria as physical education in 1904 by the British administration, sports promotes physical health and fitness, recreational activities, relaxation prestige, economic status, identifies talents, abilities, impart skills, encourage socio-cultural relationship which enhances unity among the populace. The forum to benefit from sports usually come at grassroots, school inter-house sports, and inter-schools competitions and association forum. Challenges of sports include inadequate funding, mismanagement of funds, lack of integrity, inadequate personnel, dwindling infrastructural and sporting facilities, inadequate training and medical facilities. It is recommended that, if all the above challenges are properly addressed, sporting activities will project Nigerian education more for overall development both nationally and internationally.
