江苏中部地区两系杂交稻制种气象条件分析

分析了江苏中部地区气象条件与两系杂交稻制种两个安全期的关系 ,认为苏中地区两系制种不育系的育性转换敏感期安排在 7月下旬与 8月上旬为最佳 ,最佳的抽穗扬花期在 8月中旬。提出以实效积温为依据安排父母本的播种期。

Characterization of Fertility Alteration in 8 Environment-sensitive Genic Male-sterile Lines of indica Rice

Eight indica ( Oryza sativa L.) environment-sensitive genic male-sterile (EGMS) lines, 2-2S, K1405S, F131S, 2136S, Pei-Ai 64S, 1290S, GD-IS and N17S, were sequentially seeded with 10-15 d interval at three sites, Wuhan in 1997, Guiyang in 1997 and Sanya in 1997 and 1998, China. The results of investigations on self-sterilities showed that all of eight EGMS lines had stable sterile periods of longer than 30 d at Wuhan. They can be used for seed production of two-line hybrid rice, but can not reproduce themselves. Their stable sterile periods were shorter than 30 d at Guiyang, they can reproduce themselves and can not be used for hybrid seed production. In Sanya, their stable sterile periods were longer than 150 d, all of eight lines can be used for seed production in summer and autumn and reproduce themselves in winter. The fertility of all eight lines were sensitive to temperature. The sensitive stages, sensitive duration and critical point of temperatures (CPT) of fertility alteration in various lines were different. The sensitive stages of 2-2S and K1405S were from 18 d to 9 d before heading, the sensitive durations were 7-10 d and the CPTs were 23.7-24.5 degreesC. The sensitive stage, sensitive duration and CPT of F131S were from 17 to 5 d before heading, 13 d and 24.3-24.7 degreesC, respectively. The sensitive stage, sensitive duration and CPT of 2136S were from 18 to 12 d before heading, 7 d and 24.6-25.1 degreesC:, respectively. The sensitive stages, sensitive durations of Pei-Ai 64S, 1290S, N17S and GD-1S were from 24 to 13 d before heading and 10-13 d. And their CPTs were 24.6-25.1 degreesC, 25.5-26.2 degreesC, 25.4-26.1 degreesC,, and 24.1-24.7 degreesC, respectively.

谈两系杂交水稻制种季节的确定

谈两系杂交水稻制种季节的确定Ｏｎｔｈｅｄｅｔｅｒｍｉｎａｔｉｏｎｏｆｓｅｅｄｐｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎｓｅａｓｏｎｆｏｒｔｗｏ－ｌｉｎｅｈｙｂｒｉｄｒｉｃｅ马红军（湖南省湘潭县种子公司４１１２２８）从８０年代初开始，我国科学家围绕湖北光周期敏感核雄性不育水...

对发展我市两系杂交水稻制种产业的思考

我市地处苏北，是全国三大杂交水稻制种基地之一。两系杂交水稻的问世，给我市杂交水稻制种产业带来了新的机遇。经国家“863”工程生物领域两系杂交水稻专家组论证，我市是我国两系杂交水稻最理想的制种区域，有着适宜两系杂交水稻制种独特的气候条件。但是，多年的生产实践表明，随着两系杂交水稻制种面积的不断扩大，生产上出现的问题也越来越多，主要表现在产量和质量的不平衡上。由于两系杂交水稻制种存在育性转换问题，在不同的年份受气候条件影响较大。在育性转换敏感期如遇低温，则导致自交结实，造成制种纯度不合格。即使在同一年份，由于制种技术的差异，质量和产量的差异也较大。因此，我们要用科学的发展观对待两系杂交水稻制种生产，既不能忽视风险，盲目发展，造成被动；又不能夸大风险，停止不前，迷失方向。根据我市多年来两系杂交水稻制种的实践，总结经验教训，我们认为在发展两系杂交水稻制种生产上，着重要抓好以下几个方面。

琼香两优1号高产制种技术

琼香两优1号是以海南省农科院粮作所育成的优质新资源籼型香稻光温敏核不育系琼香-1S（原名GHS）为母本，广东省农科院水稻所选育的优质常规稻品种粤丰占为父本配组选育而成的两系法杂交水稻优良组合。两系法杂交水稻制种与三系法杂交水稻制种相比较，在高产制种的原理与技术上有许多共同之处，但又有它的特殊性。首先，两系法杂交水稻制种必须确保两个安全期；一是确保在光温敏核不育系育性转换敏感期的气候条件使不育系安全不育；二是确保抽穗扬花期安全及后期能正常授粉结实。